la 5 programming1

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LA 5 - PROGRAMMING

5.1 Basic Programming Concepts

Prepared by: Norhasimah Mohamed, SMK Sungai Pusu, Gombak Selangor. 18032008

Learning Outcomes

1. State the definition of program.

2. State the definition of programming language.

3. Identify the generations of low-level programming languages with examples.

4. Identify the generations of high-level programming languages with examples.

Definition of Program

• A computer program is a series of organised instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks.

Definition of Programming Language

• A programming language is a set of words, symbols and codes that enables humans to communicate with computers.

Example of Programming Languages

• Hundreds of programming languages exist today. Each language has its own standard or rules for writing the commands and/or instructions.

• Examples of programming languages are:– BASIC (Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction

Code)– Pascal– C– Smalltalk

Generations of programming languages

Levels of Programming Language

TaskWork in group and collect information about

generations of programming language.

1. First generation of programming language2. Second generation of programming language3. Third generation of programming language4. Fourth generation of programming language5. Fifth generation of programming language

** Presentation on 01/04/2008• must include example and explanation of generations of programming

language.

Learning Outcomes

5.1.3 Programming Language Approaches

• 5.1.3.1 Define Structured Approach in programming.

• 5.1.3.2 Define object-oriented approach in Programming.

• 5.1.3.3 Differentiate between structured approach and object-oriented approach in programming.

01042008

STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING

• often uses a top-down design model where developers map out the overall program structure into separate subsections from top to bottom.

• In the top-down design model, programs are drawn as rectangles.

• A top-down design means that the whole program is broken down into smaller sections that are known as modules.

• A program may have a module or several modules.

STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING

• Structured programming is beneficial for organising and coding computer programs which employ a hierarchy of modules. This means that control is passed downwards only through the hierarchy.

• Examples of structured programming languages include Ada, Pascal and Fortran.

OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• The object-oriented approach refers to a special type of programming approach that combines data with functions to create objects.

OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• In an object-oriented program, the object have relationships with one another.

• One of the earliest OOP languages is Smalltalk. Java, Visual Basic and C++ are examples of popular OOP languages.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• Structured programming often uses a top-down design model.

• The object-oriented programming approach uses objects.

QUIZ

“A series of organised instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks.”

• Above statement refers to definition of _______________.Computer program/ Program

QUIZ

“A set of words, symbols and codes that enables humans to communicate with

computers.”

• Above statement refers to definition of ___________________.Programming Language

Generations of programming languages

1st generation : eg:_________________

2nd generation : eg:_________________

3rd generation : eg:_________________

4rd generation : eg:_________________

5th generation : eg:_________________Prolog, Mercury

Assembly Language

COBOL, Pascal, C++

SQL

Machine Language

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• Structured programming

• Object-oriented programming

1. Used top down design model

2. Example : ADA, Pascal, Fotran

1. Used a objects2. special type of programming

approach that combines data with functions to create objects

3. Example : C++, Visual Basic