knut.evensen@q-free.com calm architecture and network sevecom workshop lausanne 1-2 february 2006
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CALM - Overall• Continuous Air interface
for Long and Medium distance
• ISO TC204/WG16 – Wide Area Communications• Support user transparent continuous
communications • CALM is the first open way to combine GPRS
with vehicle-optimized WLAN technology. - NOT a complicated collection of new, unproven radio technologies
CALM Communication Scenarios
RSE
5.8GHzDSRC
vehicle-to-vehicle *(CALM 5 or 60 GHz)
portable-to-vehicle
RSE
RSE-to-RSE *
Hot-Spot(WiFi)
RSE
SatelliteBroadcast
GPS/GALILEO
TerrestrialBroadcast
2G/3G 2G/3GWiMAX WiMAX
CALM M5WAVE *
RSE
CALMIR *
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CALM Applications
• Support of Internet services
• Support of traditional ITS apps – media independent through DSRC L7
• New generation of applications:– Major push in safety – Vehicle Safety
Communication– New commercial applications made possible by
high data rate & long range.
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Services defined for 5 GHz medium - 1
CVO - Tractor-Trailer InterfaceCVO - Rollover WarningCVO - Electronic Border ClearanceCVO - Weigh Station Bypass ClearanceCVO - CVO Fleet ManagementCVO - Onboard Safety Data TransferCVO - Tractor-Trailer MatchingCVO - Transit Vehicle Data TransferCVO - Vehicle Safety InspectionCVO - Drivers Daily LogOTHER SERVICES - Probe Data CollectionOTHER SERVICES - Access ControlOTHER SERVICES – Vehicle Manufacturer InfoPAYMENTS - Toll CollectionPAYMENTS - ITS Service PaymentPAYMENTS - Other ePaymentsPAYMENTS - Rental Car ProcessingPAYMENTS - Parking PaymentPAYMENTS - Food PaymentPAYMENTS - Fuel PaymentSAFETY - Vehicle-to-vehicle Data TransferSAFETY – Highway-Rail Intersection Warning
Traffic Information - Audio Transfer - StreamingTraffic Information - Map UpdatesTraffic Information - Mobile InternetTraffic Information - Traffic DataTraffic Information - Traveller InformationTraffic Information - Vehicle Registration (EVI)Traffic Information - Transit Vehicle PriorityTraffic Information - Diagnostic Data TransferTraffic Information - Video Transfer - BlockTraffic Information - Audio Transfer - BlockTraffic Information - Video Transfer - StreamingTraffic Information - Repair Service RecordTraffic Information - Vehicle Software UpdatesVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Approaching Emergency Vehicle
WarningVSC - OBU-to-RSU - Emergency Vehicle Signal Pre-
emptionVSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intersection Emergency Vehicle
ApproachingVSC - RSU to OBU - Emergency Scene Data Networking VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Emergency Scene Data
Networking VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Collision Warning
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Services defined for 5 GHz medium - 2
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Pre-crash SensingVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Intersection Collision WarningVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Enhanced Differential GPS CorrectionsVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Highway/Rail Collision WarningVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Vehicle-based Road Condition WarningVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Road Feature NotificationVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Curve Speed WarningVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Visibility EnhancerVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Electronic Brake LightsVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Hybrid Intersection Collision WarningVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Instant (Problem) MessagingVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Blind Merge WarningVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Post-Crash WarningVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Merge AssistantVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Lane Change AssistantVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Left Turn AssistantVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Stop Sign Movement AssistantVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Glare ReductionVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Blind Spot WarningVSC - OBU-to-OBU - PlatooningVSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Adaptive Cruise ControlVSC - OBU-to-RSU - Infrastructure-based Traffic ProbesVSC - OBU-to-RSU - SOS ServicesVSC - OBU-to-RSU - Post-Crash WarningVSC - OBU-to-RSU - Just-in-Time Repair NotificationVSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intelligent On-ramp MeteringVSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intelligent Traffic LightsVSC - OBU-to-RSU - Blind Merge Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Map Downloads and UpdatesVSC - RSU to OBU - Enhanced Route Guidance and NavigationVSC - RSU to OBU - GPS CorrectionsVSC - RSU to OBU - Adaptive Headlight AimingVSC - RSU to OBU - Adaptive Drivetrain ManagementVSC - RSU to OBU - Merge AssistantVSC - RSU to OBU - Sign Information (warning assistance)VSC - RSU to OBU - Point-of-Interest NotificationVSC - RSU to OBU - Curve Speed WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - Highway/Rail Collision WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - Animal Crossing Zone InformationVSC - RSU to OBU - Low Bridge WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - Work Zone WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - Stop Sign WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - Keep Clear' WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - Wrong-way Driver WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - Left Turn AssistantVSC - RSU to OBU - Infrastructure Intersection Collision WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - Pedestrian Crossing InformationVSC - RSU to OBU - Pedestrian/Children WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - School Zone WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - Stop Sign Movement AssistanceVSC - RSU to OBU - Traffic Signal WarningVSC - RSU to OBU - Low Parking Structure Warning
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TC204/WG16 Co-operation• IEEE 802.11p and P1609 – Wireless Access in
the Vehicular Environment (WAVE)- Co-operation agreement with WG16
• ETSI ERM TG37 – 2G/3G standards, spectrum and test standards,…
• IETF – Internet Network Mobility (NEMO)• ITU-R WP 8A – Global radio standards• USA projects: VSCC and VII• Japan projects: CALM Proof-Of-Concept,…• Europe projects: C2C-CC, CVIS, SafeSpot,…
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CALM classic architecture
ISO TC204 ITS APPLICATIONS
ISO TC204 ITS APPLICATIONS
IPv6 layer
TCP UDP
ServiceQoS
Interface Selection
Handover
InterfaceQoS
Stream &RealtimeProtocols
ISODSRC
L7
HTTP/SMTP
Protocols
MAC
802.11pWAVE
InitHnd-ovr
Secur
MAC
2G/3GGSM
InitHnd-ovr
Secur
MAC
GPS/Galileo
InitHnd-ovr
Secur
L2/UDP
…
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IMEInterface Manager
ISO 24102
NMENetworkManager
ISO 21210
CMECALM
Manager
ISO 21210
NETWORK INTERFACERouting and Media Switching based on IPv6
ISO 21210
Non-CALM-awareISO 15628-basedAPPLICATIONS
Convergence LayerPart of ISO 15628
ISO 21210
CALM-AwareAPPLICATIONS
TCP/UDP/…INTERNET
STANDARDS
SAP
SAP SAP
SAP
SAP
SAP
SAP
Non-CALM-awareIP (Internet)
APPLICATIONS
Convergence LayerIP socket/ISO 21210
SAP
SAP
SAP
CALM Media External Media
CALM System Architecture (21217) (Rev. Geneva)
ApplicationManagementISO 24101
…
GP
RS
ED
GE
2G CellManager
ISO 21212
ISO 21218
SAP
CALM Network 21218 = LSAP
SAP
Applications
SAP
…
cdm
a2k
UM
TS
3G CellManager
ISO 21213
ISO 21218
SAP
… IR-B
IR-A
ISO 21214IR
Manager
ISO 21218
…
WiF
i
M5
ISO 21215W-LAN
Manager
SAP
ISO 21218
RA
DA
R
MM
-J
MM
-E
ISO 21216MillimeterManager
SAP
ISO 21218
K-D
SR
C
J-DS
RC
C-D
SR
C
DSRC ISO15628
ISO 24103
SAP
ISO 21218
…
HC
-SDM
A
WiM
AX
ISO 24xxxW-MAN
Manager
SAP
ISO 21218
… DA
B
GP
S
ISO 24xxxBroadcastManager
SAP
ISO 21218
…
W-U
SB
Blu
eT
ISO 24xxxPAN
Manager
SAP
ISO 21218
Eth
er
AM
IC
CA
N
ISO 24xxxWired
Manager
SAP
ISO 21218
SAPSAPSAP
CME
Registration ofIngress/Egress
InterfacesSAP
SAP SAPData SAP Management SAP
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In-Vehicle App
Sensors, HMI and Control
ITS In-Vehicle Network 100baseT EthernetIn-vehicle OEM networks CAN/VAN/MOST/AMI-C..
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CVIS β + γ Vehicle Architecture
Combined Antenna Pod
Network
Ethernet
Ethernet
CVIS Integrated Mobile Router
CALM M5 PHY
CALM MAC
CALM LLC
Network
CME.Router
IME.Router
NME.Router
DSRC L1
DSRC L2/L7
DSRCConvergence
Network
GPS PHY
GPS Stack
GPSConvergence
Network
Blue-tooth
Blue-tooth
Commsgateway
Nomadic device Gateway
C2C-CCFast Net
OEM G/W
Fire
wal
l
Ethernet
Ethernet
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CALMNetwork
Layer
C2CSwitchLayer
RTLink
Real-timeApplications
Real-timeApplications
GPRS PHY
GPRS Stack
GPRSConvergence
Network
Refpt
CALM Routing
CALM Manager
FOAMHMI Security VehicleAPI MntgAgent
COMMSserver
Operating System and Hardware CALM
CVIS RTapps
COMOserver
POMAMappingserver
(native) J VM
Runtimeenvironment(OSGi)
CVISapp1
CVISapp2
CVISapp3
COMO ProbeData app
POMAclientapp
Apps
Services &Middleware
PlatformCore
Functions
CALM Manager
FOAMHMI Security VehicleAPI MntgAgent
COMMSserver
Operating System and Hardware CALMCALM
CVIS RTapps
COMOserver
POMAMappingserver
(native) J VM
Runtimeenvironment(OSGi)
CVISapp1
CVISapp2
CVISapp3
COMO ProbeData app
POMAclientapp
Apps
Services &Middleware
PlatformCore
Functions
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Communication Scenarios
Internet
Access Router
Mobile Router
LFN LFN LFN
CNHA
Internet
Access Router
Mobile Router
LFN LFN LFN
Mobile Router
LFN LFN LFN
CNHA
• CALM defines 5 communication scenarios:
0 – V2I Non-IPv6 communications
1 – V2I/V2V Local IPv6
2 – V2I MIPv6
3 – V2I NEMO
4 – V2V Non-IPv6
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CALM M5: C2C-CC & WAVE
Geoaddressed applications
(e.g. active safety)
IPv6
TCP / UDP
IP Applications (Deployment)
C2C-CC Network Layer
PHY (IEEE 802.11p)
LLC/MAC (IEEE 802.11p)
B
A C
WSMP
B
C2C MAC P1609.4
WAVE Short Message Apps
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Draft IEEE Standards• IEEE 1609.1: WAVE Resource Manager
– Defines “Basic Application Platform”• Application data read/write protocol between RSU and OBU• First application available for testing purposes
• IEEE 1609.2: 5.9 GHz Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Radio Service Security – Defines 5.9 GHz DSRC Security (formerly IEEE 1556)
• Anonymity, Authenticity and Confidentiality
• IEEE 1609.3: WAVE Networking Services– Provides description and management of the DSRC
Protocol Stack• Application interfaces• Network configuration management• WAVE Short Message (WSM) transmission and reception
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Draft IEEE Standards (cont’d)• IEEE 1609.4: WAVE Multi-Channel Operation
– Provides DSRC frequency band coordination and management
• Manages Lower Layer usage of the seven DSRC channels• Integrates tightly with IEEE 802.11p
• IEEE 802.11p: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) – Defines the Lower Layers of the communications stack
• Radio wave forms and wireless medium access procedures
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IEEE Standards Status• Latest IEEE 1609 draft documents completed in
December 2005• IEEE 1609 status:
– 1609.1 completed sponsor ballot, 500+ comments– 1609 part 2-4 launched mid-January for 30 days sponsor
ballot. Many comments are expected– Project approval all parts expected June 2006.
• IEEE 802.11p is also progressing– Latest pre-Hawaii draft is D0.25 – Possible ballot in March 2006? (IEEE 802.11)
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IEEE Security Services• 5.9 GHz DSRC uses Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
to sign and/or encrypt DSRC data– Anonymity (prevents tracking - Privacy)
• MAC address randomization• Security certificates may also be periodically changed• Opt-in services may not require anonymity
– Authenticity• Digital signatures protect against various malicious security threats
– Confidentiality• Data may also be encrypted to provide data privacy• Safety messages broadcast from RSUs do not always require
encryption (digital signatures are always required)
DSRC-WAVE Program Schedule2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
PROTOTYPEDEV.& TEST
LAYER 1, 2 PROTOTYPE
STANDARDS MAINTENANCE
OUTREACH TO STATE DOTs
FCC RULE REFINEMENTFCC RULE DEV.
MATURE APPL. DEPLOYMENTFOT
PRODUCTDEVELOPMENT
SAFETY APPL.
DEPLOYMENT
DEPLOYMENT DECISION
PRODUCTION
INITIAL
CERTIFICATIONNEW PRODUCT CERTIFICATION
AUTO/COMMERCIAL/GOVT APPLICATION DEV.AUTO INDUSTRY EVALUATION AND INPUT
PUBLIC AWARENESS
MODERATE.QTY
BUIILD
Revised.Procedure
BUILD
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CALM and Security
• CALM relates to security as follows:– Interface specific for lower layers or low latency– Application or protocol specific for higher layers (ETC,
IPSEC,…)• There are no specific security means built into
CALM• Vehicle Probe Data (ISO 24100) has provisions
for protection of privacy. • CALM is interested in input from SeVeCOM.
Liaison?
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How to get more info
• ISO TC204/WG15 Convenor: T. Russel Shields TRS@ygomi.com
• ISO TC204/SG15.0 Convenor:Knut Evensen knut.evensen@q-free.com
• ISO TC204/SG15.1 Convenor:Bob Williams bw_csi@compuserve.com
WWW.CALM.HU
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In-Vehicle App
Sensors and Control
ITS In-Vehicle Network In-vehicle OEM network
Central Router
CALMNetworkLayer 3-4
Routing
Firewall
Network OE
M G
/W
ITS Application
Layer 5-7
CALM NetworkLayer 3-4
Computer
INTERNETSERVICE
Layer 5-7
CALM NetworkLayer 3-4
Computer
CALM M5 PHY
CALM MAC
CALM LLC
NetworkLayer 3-4
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CALM MR 1
NetworkLayer 3-4
RoutingCALM
Network
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
Directoryservices
SAP SAP
CME.MR1
IME.MR1MLMEPLCP/PLME
SAP
SAP
CME.CM
NME.MR1
SAP
SAP
CELL Netw
CELL DLL
CellularPHY
ConvergencN-Layer
CALMNetwork
RoutingCME.MR2
NME.MR2
ConvergenceConvergence
Convergence
Convergence
Example: Full Vehicle Architecture
NME.CM
IME.CM
IME.MR2
CALM MR 2
SAP
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Combined Antenna Pod
ITS In-VehicleConnection
RESOURCE MANAGER,
ISO14906
CALM NETWORK LAYER – IPv6
ITS INTERNETAPPLICATION
SocketTCP/UDP
ApplicationInterfaceISO15628
SocketUDP
CALM Routing
IN-VEHICLE NETWORK DATA LINK LAYER
IN-VEHICLE NETWORK PHYSICAL LAYER
VEHICLECOMPUTER
CME.CM
TrafficManagementApplication
Network
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CALM Mobile Router (“CALM Modem”)
CALM M5 PHY
CALM MAC
CALM LLC
Network
CME.MR
IME.MR
NME.MR
GPRS PHY
GPRS Stack
GPRSConvergence
Network
DSRC L1
DSRC L2/L7
DSRCConvergence
Network
GPS PHY
GPS Stack
GPSConvergence
Network
CALM Routing
Example – Early Vehicle Architecture
NME.CM
IME.CM
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InterfaceProtocol
ApplicationProtocol
Policies
Use
r In
terf
ace
Ro
ute
s
InterfaceStatus
List
ApplicationRequirmt
List
CALM Manager
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North Ameri
Europe
Japan
ISM band
CALM M5WAVE?
HiperLAN BRAN
”j-band”
U-NII Old
Configurable or regionally fixed part
Requested : Global ITS Safety allocation 5.85-5.925
Dedicated ITS (DSRC)
ISM
5 GHz Spectrum (not exact!)
U-NII - New
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US DSRC (WAVE)
• WAVE is IEEE 802.11p Wireless Access for Vehicles - as required by US DoT/VSCC/VII/…
• WAVE is optimised for US channel plan
• WAVE protocols are optimised for current single-radio technology.
• No GSM or other technology is included.
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