keynote presentation fracture diagnostics for well design€¦ · keynote presentation. fracture...

Keynote PresentationFracture Diagnostics for Well Design

Christine Ehlig-Economides, University of Houston

Statistical Approach

• Drill 1000 or more wells, and use statistics as a guide for well design.

• Never mind about collecting good data.

• Never mind about formation characteristics or well design.

• Just use trendology to minimize uncertainty.

ARMA 13-289Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 2

Recovery Factor Relation to EUR• EUR is forecast recovery to abandonment rate or

pressure• Recovery factor – RF – is fraction of hydrocarbon in

place– For conventional reservoir RF relates to IOIP or IGIP– If done on a resource basis instead of a well drainage (SRV)

basis, the RF could be much smaller

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 3

Fracture Diagnostics for Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides

Target Well Design

4

What Makes a Good Well• Sweet spot• Drilling execution• Hydraulic fracture execution

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 5

Sweet Spot

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 6

bbl/month

0 – 2000

2000 – 4000

4000 – 8000

8000 – 16000

16000 - 100000

Sweet Spot

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 7

Black Oil Wells

Volatile Oil Wells

Gas Condensate Wells

Dry Gas Wells

Sweet Spot

www.gshtx.org

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 8

Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

sideritedolomitecalcitemeasuredTOC

ppm

CCCCC

ppmUIf

−−−=

> )4(Pemper et al. ,2009 www.nationalpetrographic.com

from geochemical logs from core samples

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 9

Drilling Execution

Potential Landing Zones Identification

• Zone A: Secondary siliceous interval, 6-8% porosity, higher resistivity, lower in-situ stresses, good steerable markers.

• Zone B: Primary siliceous interval 6-8% porosity, thicker pay interval, lower in-situ stresses.

SPE 144425

11700

11750

11800

11850

11900

11950

12000

12050

12100

12150

12200

1

2

12433.52

12002.8711975.2412022.82

11679.05

11105.31

11342.7911655.96

11854.0911539.76

12051.1411402.65

12048.1311358.81

11989 46

1.33

0.161.200.00

0.49

0.18

1.650.09

0.950.00

2.410.00

2.090.00

1 88Borehole

-0.25 0.25g/cc

0.1 100

0.1 100

30 100

-10 10

0 300api

-80 20mV

4 14

0 300

0 300api

0 300api

0 300

18.621 175.796api

150 0api

2 200ohmm

2 200ohmm

2 200ohmm

2 200ohmm

2 200ohmm

0.5 -0.1

0.5 -0.1

0.5 -0.1

0.5 -0.1

0.5 -0.1

0 5

1000 0

0 5

0.000 0.5

1.000 0

0.6 0.61

0 60

0 7000lbs

0.000 20

0 0.5

0 10

0 15000

0 1000

-1000 1000

0 0.5

0 10

0 15000

0 10000000

0.000 0.5

0.000 0.5

0 20

0 20

400 0

400 0

400 0

400 0

400 0

A

B

Shale Logging Suite

10Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides

Fracture Calibration Injection Falloff Test

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides

?Final Closure

Final Closure

Transverse Storage

Initial Closure

Initial Closure

Tip Extension

Tip Extension

Linear flow

Radial flow assumption implies wrong permeability and pore pressure

Hydraulic Fracture Execution

11

SPE-181856

Slide 12

SPE-181856

Fracture Calibration Injection Falloff Test

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides

Hydraulic Fracture Execution

12

Hydraulic Fracture Execution

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 13

• Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) from drilling measurements and mud motor parameters

• Facies-based cluster positions to enable uniform breakdown pressure

Perforation Cluster Positioning

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides

• Hydraulic fracture planes propagate perpendicular to minimum stress independent of the horizontal well direction.

• Operators frequently drill horizontal wells in other directions.

σmin

SPE 170965

Well Trajectory

Hydraulic Fracture Execution

14

Slide 15

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides

ARMA 13-289

Well PerformanceWell DirectionMontney Shale Gas Wells

Hydraulic Fracture Execution

15

Fracture Diagnostics• Microseismic• Production Data

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 16

Microseismic Survey

Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 17

Microseismic SRV

Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 18

Microseismic SRV

Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 19

Propped SRV

Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067

Based on reported 600 ft well spacing

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 20

Productive SRVContinuum Model from Production Data

Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067

Volume from PDA

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 21

Alternative Productive SRVIsolated Fracture Model from Production Data

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 22Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067

Volume from PDA

Modified from Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067

Modified from Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067

Continuum

Isolated Fractures

Produced Volume from BDF

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 23

SPE 166152 Vera

Production Data – Isolated Well

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 24

Match with Pressure Dependent Permeability Model

Production Data

SPE 144031

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 25

Sequential BU Analysis

Slide 26Production Data – Pilot Wells

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 26SPE-174998

Wells with Different Model Matches (after 6-12 mo on production)

Slide 27

pseudolinear flow

pseudo pseudosteady state(~1000hr)

Model： homogenous formation with boundary

Fracture half length: 87m Permeability: 800nd

SRV （pore volume）: 0.448×106m3

Production Data

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 27

SPE-174998

Well 8-2 Model Match with Small Apparent Fracture Length

Critical rate: 12×104 m3

Well 8-3 Starts Producing

Well 8-3 fracturing interference with Well 8-2

Production Data

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 28

SPE-176910

Interference while Fracturing

Well 8-3 starts fracturing

Well 8-3 starts production

Production DataBarnett Shale Gas Well Interference Example

SPE 152224

Layout of Primary and Infill for Pad A Production Data from Well 1

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 29

High Salinity Flowback Water

Slide 30

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides

Ghanbari et al. (2013)

Zolfaghari et al. (2014)

Production Data

30

Production Data – Drawdown Management

31

Petrohawk Red River Shale Example

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides

Production Data – Drawdown Management

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 32

SPE 154692

Haynesville Shale Productivity Loss

Production Data – Drawdown Management

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 33

Choke Effect on Eagle Ford Shale Well

Pioneer

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design• Production data require time.• Wells have been drilled and completed without

definitive diagnostics.

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 34

Play Development

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 35

• Factory Drilling• Recovery Factor• Enhanced Oil Recovery

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides

Laredo Petroleum Presentation

• Horizontal well length• Spacing between horizontal wells

‒ Lateral‒ Vertical

• Spacing between hydraulic fractures

Stacked Lateral Completions with Pad Drilling

Factory Drilling

36

After Thomas et al. (2014)

Bakken Waterflood Pilot Production in Offset-East Well

SPE-180270

Enhanced Oil Recovery

37Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides

Thomas et al. (2014)

Lower Shaunavon shale pilot waterflood

?

Enhanced Oil Recovery

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 38

Enhanced Oil Recovery

Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 39

Modified Zipper Fracture Waterflood Well Pattern

SPE 167056

Enhanced Oil Recovery

40

• Current pattern wells – Preclude displacement processes– Huff and puff possible

• Proposed infill injection well pattern using existing well

Horizontal production well

Horizontal injection well

Horizontal injection well

Horizontal production well

Horizontal injection well

Horizontal injection well

Vertical lines are hydraulic fracture planes; blue for injection wells, green for production wells

Wells drilled in minimum stress direction

Wells not drilled in minimum stress direction

σmin

σmin

Thank You / Questions

Slide 41