jwst solar system science: possibilities and gto plans

JWST Solar System Science: Possibilities and GTO Plans

John Stansberry JWST Solar System Science Lead (STScI)

Stefanie Milam JWST Deputy Project Scientist for Solar System (GSFC)

JWST Solar System Science

Applications: Sensitivity and Saturation

10/16/2016 JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans 2

Giant Planet Imaging with NIRCam

• Bright limits for 640x640 subarrays

• 160x160 limits are 15x higher

JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans 3 10/16/2016

JWST Capabilities: Giant Planets Imaging

• NIRCam Subarrays • short integration times • Significant FOV • Simultaneous 0.6-2.3 (shortwave)

and 2.4-5 (longwave) coverage • Matched FOVs

• Smaller subarrays available: 6402 (shown), 3202, 1602

• Dithers fill detector gaps in the

short-wave channel

Giant Planet Imaging with MIRI

• Bright limits for 64x64 subarrays (6.4” FOV) • MIRI IFU spectroscopy limits are ~100x higher

Giant Planet Spectroscopy: NIRSpec IFU

Resolved Satellite Imaging: NIRCam

• Well-resolved satellites

• 1602 subarray bright limits

Simulated Io Imaging with NIRISS AMI

Satellite Photometry with NIRCam

• 4002 subarray bright limits

• 1000 second exposure sensitivity

Activity in Distant Comets and Centaurs

10/16/2016 10

3.6um: Dust 4.5um: Dust+Gas 4.5um: Gas Only

No background Subtraction

W/ background Subtraction

Courtesy of Mike Kelley, UMD

JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans

Cometary Nuclei with NIRSpec & NIRCam

• Comets can be studied throught the 1-5 um region

• High sensitivity (1000 sec sensitivities shown)

• At distances where H2O is unlikely to drive activity

Simulated Comet Spectra

Milam et al. 2016

NIRSpec Line Sensitivity

KBO Photometry with NIRCam

1.4: CH4

1.62: H2O

1.82: CH4

2.1: H2O

2.5: cont.

3.0: H2O

3.35: CH4

3.6: cont.

4.1: H2O CH4

4.3: N2 CO2

4.6: CO

4.8: cont.

JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans 10/16/2016

KBO Spectroscopy with NIRSpec

KBO Thermal Radiometry with MIRI

• MIRI can measure temperature distributions for quite small KBOs

• Sensitivity well matched to that of ALMA

• Valuable for • Thermal inertia

• Composition • Regolith structure

• Emissivity • Albedo • Diameter

Sub-mm (ALMA) vs. mid-IR (JWST)

JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans 17

“beaming” parameter

10/16/2016

Sub-mm (ALMA) vs. mid-IR (JWST) Thermal ‘Beaming’

• Sub-mm accuracy • D ~5% • p_V ~10% • Temperature distribution of

warm regions sets systematic uncertainty

• What good are the warm regions? • Thermal inertia • Roughness • Rotation rate • Albedo variations

• Moons, rings, spots

• Volcanoes, plumes

The Best Solution: BOTH!!

10/16/2016

Community White Papers

PASP Special Issue (Jan 4, 2016)

Innovative Solar System Science with the James Webb Space Telescope

Stefanie Milam, Special Editor

http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3873/128/959 11 topical papers

http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3873/128/960 1 high-level paper (Norwood et al.)

10 JWST Solar System Focus Groups

• Asteroids (Andy Rivkin, JHU/APL) • Comets (Chick Woodward, U. Minnesota) • Giant Planets (Jim Norwood, NMSU) • Mars (Geronimo Villanueva, GSFC) • NEOs (Cristina Thomas, GSFC) • Occultations (Pablo Santos-Sanz, IAA-CSIC, Spain) • Rings (Matt Tiscareno, Cornell) • Satellites (Laszlo Kestay, USGS) • Titan (Conor Nixon, GSFC) • TNOs (Alex Parker, SwRI) • JWST Solar System Capabilities (Milam, GSFC)

21 JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans

(and 11 papers! http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3873/128/959

10/16/2016

Flyers available here and on-line

10/16/2016

The James Webb Space Telescope’s plan for operations and instrument capabilities for

observations in the Solar System S.N. Milam et al.

The four science instruments on JWST cover the wavelength range from 0.6 – ~28μm and offer superb imaging and spectroscopic sensitivity. Subarray readouts will enable non-saturated observations of the giant planets and many bright primitive bodies in a variety of instrument modes.

JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans

Science Capability Highlights • Important molecular (e.g. H2O, HDO, CO, CO2,

S2, CH4), ice, and mineral spectral features are at wavelengths accessible with JWST but not the ground.

• Near-IR spectra or colors (composition), and mid-IR photometry (albedos, sizes), for any Kuiper belt object known today.

• Semi-annual monitoring of planetary (and satellite) weather and seasonal changes.

• Near-simultaneous mapping and spectroscopy of cometary gas and dust from 0.6 – ~28 µm.

• Very sensitive spectral maps at R > 2000 over a 3”x3” field and with 0.1” spatial resolution.

10/16/2016

24 10/16/2016 JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans

http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.03735 10/16/2016 JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans

PASP Special Issue (Jan 4, 2016)

Innovative Solar System Science with the James Webb Space Telescope

Stefanie Milam, Special Editor

http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3873/128/959 11 topical papers

http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3873/128/960 1 high-level paper (Norwood et al.)

Guaranteed Time Observer Preview

Solar System GTO Time Allocations

• NIRCam – M. Reieke PI (J. Stansberry planning) • 20 – 30 hours, various KBO Characterization

• NIRSpec – P. Ferruit PI (Ferruit & Aurelie Guilbert planning) • 3 – 5 hours, spectra of smaller KBOs

• MIRI – G. Rieke (D. Hines), Gillian Wright (M. Mueller) • 10 Hours, KBO dwarf-planet thermal (Hines) • ~3 hours, EC contrib (M. Mueller)

• IDS – Hammel PI (S. Milam coordinating + planning) • 110 hours, Various programs based on PASP topics • Focused investigations of specific aspects of specific targets

• IDS – Lunine PI (planning starting) • 22 hours, Titan monitoring with MIRI (MRS) • 20 hours, KBOs (including Pluto)

10/16/2016 36 JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans

Probable Scope of GTO Investigations

• Kuiper Belt (NIRCam, Hammel, NIRSpec, MIRI) • Initial spectral characterization of dwarf planets, Triton • Detailed look at specific classes (e.g classicals, binaries, Haumea family) • Thermal characterization of a few objects

• Comets (Hammel) • Distant activity of periodic comets; TOO large Oort cloud comet

• Asteroids & NEOs (Hammel) • Characterization of a few specific targets

• Satellites (besides Titan and Triton) • Europa, Enceladus

Possible Scope of GTO Investigations

• Giant Planets (Hammel) • Giant planet studies, temporal baseline; • Jovian & Saturnian aurorae

• Titan (Lunine, Hammel) • Preliminary spectral maps; 4.5 – 6 um hydrocarbons

• Rings (Hammel) • Investigate small satellites in Rings

• Mars (Hammel) • Cycle 2 program • D/H and water

Where to Learn More…

Visit JWST at: - The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI): http://www.stsci.edu/jwst - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC): http://www.jwst.nasa.gov - European Space Agency (ESA): http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=29 - Canadian Space Agency (CSA): http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/jwst/default.asp - Northrop Grumman: http://www.as.northropgrumman.com/products/jwst/index.html - flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nasawebbtelescope - JWST Public Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/webbtelescope - Twitter: @NASAWebbTelescp - Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/user/NASAWebbTelescope - JWST Webb-cam: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/webcam.html - Newsletter at STScI: https://blogs.stsci.edu/newsletter/ - Newsletter at GSFC: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/newsletters.html - Solar System Science with JWST: http://www.stsci.edu/jwst/science/solar-system Stefanie Milam, stefanie.n.milam@nasa.gov

39 39 10/16/2016 JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans

Conclusions

• HST has made unique solar system science discoveries possible • JWST will be even better • Proposals do (and will) fare as well as those in other science

categories • They can have Discovery-class mission impact on Planetary

Science • IFF our community competes!

• Stay tuned! • More workshops and Webinars coming! • JWST Solar System Symposium, November 2017

• Ask questions! • Tell us what you need!

JWST Science Instrument Overview

Instrument Modes, Sensitivity Comparison

JWST Imaging Modes

Mode Instrument Wavelength (microns)

Pixel Scale (arcsec)

Full-Array* Field of View

Imaging

NIRCam* 0.6 – 2.3 0.032 2.2 x 2.2′

NIRCam* 2.4 – 5.0 0.065 2.2 x 2.2′

NIRISS 0.9 – 5.0 0.065 2.2 x 2.2′

MIRI* 5.0 – 28 0.11 1.23 x 1.88′

Aperture Mask Interferometry

NIRISS 3.8 – 4.8 0.065 ------

Coronography

NIRCam 0.6 – 2.3 0.032 20 x 20′′

NIRCam 2.4 – 5.0 0.065 20 x 20′′

MIRI 10.65 0.11 24 x 24′′

MIRI 11.4 0.11 24 x 24′′

MIRI 15.5 0.11 24 x 24′′

MIRI 23 0.11 30 x 30′′

Simultaneous {

10/16/2016 JWST Solar System Science Possibilities and GTO Plans

Mode Instrument Wavelength (microns)

Resolving Power (λ/∆λ)

Field of View

Slitless Spectroscopy

NIRISS 1.0 – 2.5 150 2.2′ x 2.2′

NIRISS 0.6 – 2.5 700 single object

NIRCam 2.4 – 5.0 2000 2.2′ x 2.2′

Multi-Object Spectroscopy

NIRSpec 0.6 – 5.0 100, 1000, 2700 3.4′ x 3.4′ with 250k 0.2 x 0.5′′ microshutters

Single Slit Spectroscopy

NIRSpec 0.6 – 5.0 100, 1000, 2700

slit widths 0.4′′ x 3.8′′ 0.2′′ x 3.3′′ 1.6′′ x 1.6′′

MIRI 5.0 – ~14.0 ~100 at 7.5 microns 0.6′′ x 5.5′′ slit

Integral Field Spectroscopy

NIRSpec 0.6 – 5.0 100, 1000, 2700 3.0′′ x 3.0′′

MIRI 5.0 – 7.7 3500 3.0′′ x 3.9′′

MIRI 7.7 – 11.9 2800 3.5′′ x 4.4′′

MIRI 11.9 – 18.3 2700 5.2′′ x 6.2′′

MIRI 18.3 – 28.8 2200 6.7′′ x 7.7′′

JWST Spectroscopy Modes

Photometric Sensitivity

Medium Resolution Spectral Sensitivity

Low Resolution Spectral Sensitivity

jwst solar system science: possibilities and gto plans

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