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A Profusion of Exoplanets:Key Science
Results from the Kepler Mission
Jon M. JenkinsSETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center
Thursday September 22, 2011
STScISAO
... the ways by which men arrive at knowledge of the celestial things are hardly less wonderful than the nature of these things themselves.
— Johannes Kepler 1571-1630
Do there exist many worlds or is there but a single one? This is one of the most noble and exalted questions in the study of Nature
— Saint Albertus Magnus 1206-1280 Scholar, Patron Saint of Scientists
Credit: Carter Roberts
The Kepler Mission
What fraction of sun-like stars in our galaxy host potentially habitable Earth-size planets?
How Hard is it to Find Good Planets?
Jupiter:
Jupiter1% area of the Sun (1/100)
Earth or Venus0.01% area of the Sun (1/10,000)
Kepler Field Of View
Credit: Carter Roberts
Launched March 7 2009
First Light Image
The Kepler Spacecraft and Instrument
Pre-Kepler Transiting Planets as of June 2009
Jupiter
Neptune
Earth
Kepler Candidates as of June 2010
Jupiter
Neptune
Earth
Kepler Candidates as of February 1, 2011
Jupiter
Neptune
Earth
Jupiter
Earth
Neptune
Kepler Candidates as of February 1, 2011
Kepler-11: Simply Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
Kepler: Big Data, Big Challenges
Big Processing Challenges Instrument effects are large compared to signal of interest Observational noise is non-white and non-stationary ~17×106 independent tests per star for planetary signatures [O(N2)]
Big Data: 150,000 target stars 6x106 pixels collected and stored per ½ hour ~40 GB downlinked each month >40×109 points in the time series over 3.5 years
Instrumental Signatures
Bayesian approaches look promising!
The Search Problem
Solar Variability
Single Transit Statistics
Folded Transit Statistics
Conclusions
Kepler has found well over 1000 planetary candidates
Kepler has doubled the number of known planets orbiting other stars in our galaxy
We’re finding that small planets are more common than large planets
We’ve found a planet similar to Tatooine orbiting two stars
We find that multiple planet systems are quite common
Each day we are getting closer and closer to finding an Earth-Sun analog
Kepler-16b
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