january 10 th , 2012

January 10th, 2012

Today’s Agenda•Take notes on the cell, filling out your cell tables

Daily Activity•Get out your packets.•Open to table in the middle of the packet and prepare to take notes.•FOR TODAY ONLY: Sit in the front 8 desks…if you mess up while in this formation, I will remove you from class.

Cells• Cells are the basic unit of structure

and function in all living things.• Many different types of cells but we

will focus on Plant and Animal cells.• Contain smaller compartments

called organelles which each have a specific function.

Two Basic Cell Types

1) Prokaryote–Lacks internal compartments.–No true nucleus.–Most are single-celled (unicellular) organisms.–Examples: bacteria

Two Basic Cell Types2) Eukaryote–Has several internal structures (organelles).–True nucleus.–Either unicellular or multicellular.

unicellular example: yeast multicellular examples: plants and animals

Plasma Membrane• Also called the Cell Membrane.• Outermost portion of the cell.• Keeps all the pieces of the cell inside.• Characterization:

Purse or human skin.

Cilia• Fine, whip like/hair like structures that are on

the outside of the cell. • Help the cell move and helps move liquid past

the surface of the cell.• Characterization:

Flippers

Cytoplasm• Fluid that fills the cell.• Made of dissolved amino acids, sugars and

fatty acids the cell uses to function.• Characterization:

Filling of Ding Dong, Or the Jell-O in Raspberry

Jell-O.

Microfilaments• Long, thin, stringy proteins• Provide structure that helps the cell move,

keep it’s shape, and move organelles• Helps form the cytoskeleton.• Characterization:

Expansion Joints

Microtubules• Thick, Strong fibers shaped like tubes.• Move vesicles, granules and other organelles• Important for cell division.

• Characterization: Conveyor Belt

Vesicles

• Store or transport substances in and out of the cell.

• Characterization: Mail Man

Mitochondria

• Provide the energy the cell needs to move, divide and contract.

• Produces ATP = primary source of energy for the cell.

• Characterization: Power Plant

Vacuoles• Storage Bubbles. Store nutrients and wastes

until they can get transported out of the cell.• Found mostly in plants, but also found in

animals.• Characterization:

Storage Bin, or a Water Jug

Lysosome

• Holds enzymes created by the cell.• Function is to digest things.• Work in low oxygen and pH zones• Characterization: Sewage

Treatment Plant

Peroxisome• Similar to Lysosomes, however they only

dissolve things that are harmful to the cell.• Require oxygen rich environment.• Mostly break down Hydrogen Peroxide into

water and Oxygen• Characterization:

Police

Ribosome• Used to produce proteins which are used as

enzymes to support most functions of the cell.• Build chains of proteins, one amino acid at a

time.• Characterization: Construction Workers

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum• Network of membranes throughout the cell.• Looks like a bunch of tubes put together.• Important for storage within the cell. Usually

stores steroids. Characterization:

Storage Unit

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum• Synthesis and Packaging of proteins.• Looks like a bunch of tubes put together

covered in ribosomes.Characterization: Packing Plant

Golgi Apparatus/Body• Membrane Bound vesicle that packages

microtubules for transportation elsewhere in the cell.

• Builds Lysosomes• Characterization: Packaging Plant

Nucleus• Contains the DNA of the cell. • Controls the eating, moving and reproduction

of the cell.• Characterization: The Brain

Chromosomes• Carry the genes of the cell.• Makes the cell what it is.• Characterization: The Brain

Nucleolus• Produces Ribosomes• Characterization: Production Facility

Plant Cells: Different Organelles• Cell Wall• Protective “box” around the plasma membrane

and the cell.• Give the cell its shape• Allow plants to grow to great heights.• Characterization: Balloon ina cardboard box.

Chloroplasts• Produce food for the cell.• Converts energy of the sun into sugars.• Characterization: Sugar Production Facility

Vacuoles• Very Large• Hold water• A plant cell changes size depending on the

amount of water present in the vacuole.• Characterization: Water Balloon

Types of Solutions