jan velterop, biomed central, icsep chile, october 20021 biomed central improving science...
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Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 1
BioMed Central
Improving Science Communication
throughOPEN ACCESS
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 2
To be useful,scientific results need to beused, read, cited, shared,
applied, extended, built-upon
So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they?
So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they?
For that, they must be accessible
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 3
For everybody in-between?
For the harvards?
For the have-nots?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 4
have-nots
Harvards
AccessImpact
Financial barriers
After Les Carr, Southampton University
‘Twin Peaks’ problem
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 5
Integrated
The literature: as it should be
Available
After Les Carr, Southampton University
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 6
The literature: as it is for the harvards
After Les Carr, Southampton University
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 7
And for the have-nots
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 8
Rarely has an individual, group, even country, contributed to scientific knowledge in a vacuum. Almost invariably, new knowledge and insights are built upon vast bodies of pre-existing science, interlinked and intertwined like a fabric. Doesn’t this knowledge therefore belong to the world as its common and shared heritage, a kind of ‘scientosphere’ enveloping the globe?
Can that be right?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 9
An individual or group copyright claim is therefore rarely justified. Instead, copyright should just be used to secure the integrity of research articles and the unambiguity of their ‘location’ in the fabric of the scientific literature.
What about copyright?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 10
High prices? Prestige? Economic distortion?
Where lies the problem?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 11
Would the world have much more access to science literature if prices were lower?
Yes, but still no universal access
High prices
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 12
Is prestige an impediment for have-nots to being noticed and have an impact?
Yes, but prestige is mostly built on reputations of quality, which is good
Prestige
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 13
Quote
“The Impact Factor of an article is often inversely proportional to its usefulness
in the field”
Researcher working on Malaria in sub-Saharan Africa
Prestige has limitations
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 14
Science publishing has costs. A sound economic principle is that there must be choice. Are the costs being paid at the point in the system where there is choice?
No, not at all
Economic distortion
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 15
Must be found in changing the economic models of science publishing
The BioMed Central model is based on payment at the point of choice: at input, resulting in true open access
Solutions
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 16
PublisherPublisher
Free Use
Manuscript
Today’s (soon yesterday’s) print-derived model:
Only those who can afford expensive subscriptions or
licences have access
Result:
Author transfers copyrightor exclusive publishing rights
©
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 17
PublisherPublisherManuscript
Tomorrow’s (today’s at BioMed Central) online-based model:
Everyone has accessAll use is fair use Result:
$Author pays small amount of money
or rather, institution pays on author’s behalf
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 18
Acquiring the rights to content, facilitating peer review, making web-ready, hosting, and embedding in the literature and then selling the content
BioMed Central re-defines publishing
Selling content Selling a service
Leaving the rights with the author, just facilitating peer review, making web-ready, hosting, and embedding in the literature, and making the content freely available in Open Access
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 19
1. The article is universally and freely accessible via the internet, in an easily readable format - and deposited immediately upon publication, without embargo, in at least one widely and internationally recognised open access repository (e.g. PubMed Central).
2. The author(s) or copyright owner(s) irrevocably grant(s) to any third party, in advance and in perpetuity, the right to use, reproduce or disseminate the article in its entirety or in part, in any format or medium, provided that no errors are introduced in the process, proper attribution of authorship and correct citation details are given, and that the bibliographic details are not changed. If the article is reproduced or disseminated only in part, this must be clearly and unequivocally indicated.
What is Open Access?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 20
Open Access at BioMed Central
All research articles in any of the journals published by BioMed Central are available on line in open access as defined
Authors (their institutions) pay a small amount for ‘processing’ the article:
-organising peer-review, -formatting and coding in XML for rendering in
web-friendly HTML, -formatting in PDF for easy downloading and
printing, -linking and embedding in the literature via
PubMed, CrossRef, ISI and others, -depositing in secure archives like PubMed
Central and others, -hosting on the BioMed Central site
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 21
Authors-Vastly improved visibility
Users-No need to worry whether the library has the
journal
Libraries/Institutions-Lower cost: $500 at input vs. $3000-5000
aggregate publisher turnover per article.
Advantages of Open Access
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 22
Speed– Process entirely electronic– Publication immediate– Listed straight away in PubMed
Embedding in science literature– References linked via CrossRef– References tracked by ISI
Publicity– Press-releases for articles suitable for wider, lay audiences
Information– Author has full access to download statistics
Extra advantages at BioMed Central
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 23
Article Processing Charge (APC)– $500 per published article
Institutional Membership– Amount depends on the size of the biomedical research
staff and students at the institution; starts at $1500
Waivers– Automatic for authors from a member institution– Available on request for authors unable to pay, e.g. from
developing countries
Cost of Open Access at BioMed Central
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 24
Peer Review takes away that risk
All articles published in BioMed Central journals have been strictly peer-reviewed. Peer-reviewers do not know if the author will pay, the institution will pay, or if the charges will be waived. Payment is only required once the article is accepted.
Author pays? Institution pays?Risk of vanity publishing?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 25
Biology journals
A full list can be found here:www.biomedcentral.com/browse/biology/
Medicine journals
A full list can be found here:www.biomedcentral.com/browse/medicine/
The BioMed Central journals
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 26
Open Access deserves support from the whole science community
Because to be useful, scientific results need to be used, read, cited,
shared, applied, extended, built-upon
For that, they need to be accessible
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 27
• Authors:– submit your articles to Open Access journals
• Users: – visit and cite Open Access journals
• Librarians:
– take up institutional membership
– add our URL to your intranet or web pages
• Funding bodies and tenure committees:– recognise Open Access research papers and the
‘payment-at-input’ model
• All:– Advocate Open Access
How can you support Open Access?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 28
• Home page: www.biomedcentral.com
• Submissions: www.biomedcentral.com/info/publishing_adv.asp – Email Editorial Director Peter Newmark: peter@biomedcentral.com
• Institutional Membership: www.biomedcentral.com/info/instmembership.asp
– Email Membership Director Becky Fishman: becky@biomedcentral.com
• General Marketing: www.biomedcentral.com/libraries/– Email Marketing Director Natasha Robshaw: natasha@biomedcentral.com
• General Publishing: www.biomedcentral.com– Email Publisher Jan Velterop: jan@biomedcentral.com
Contacts @ BioMed Central
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, ICSEP Chile, October 2002 29
www.biomedcentral.com
For Research Articles,All Use is Fair Use
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