introdution to landsat and google earth engine
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Introduction to Landsat and Google Earth Engine
Veerachai Tanpipat, D.Eng. (วีรชัย ตันพพิัฒน์)
iamtanpipat@hotmail.com
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?p=6580
Alaska USGS Office, Anchorage, USA, 1996
Contents
• What is Remote Sensing?
• Introduction to Landsat
• Landsat data level, accessibility, and applications;
• Introduction to Google Earth Engine and examples
• Air pollution, aerosol, smoke, haze monitoring and study by EOS (follow ARSET’s materials)
• Conclusions
What is Remote Sensing?• It is a data collection method from a distance by
detecting both the Sun’s energy that is reflected from Earth’s surface and Earth emitted energy with unique spectral signature.
• There are 2 systems; passive and active.
Source: http://grindgis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/active-and-passive.png
• There are 2 types of sensor push broom, along track, whisk broom scanners.
• The longest Earth Observation Satellite program in the world is Landsat (44 years and progressing).
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EO1/eo1_2.php
Source: http://images.slideplayer.com/14/4180915/slides/slide_7.jpg
Source: http://scied.ucar.edu/longcontent/energy-budget
Source: http://bio3400.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch15/15_08-electromagnetic_spectrum.jpg
Source: http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/17173/media/image3.jpeg
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Remotely Sensed Imagery Resolution1. Spectral: Electromagnetic spectrum selected;
how many specific wavelengths are recorded?
2. Spatial: Pixel size; how big real world details can be seen?
3. Temporal: Revisiting time, how often the measurement can repeat the target?
4. Radiometric: How well it can discriminate small energy difference which results in how clear phenomenon can be detected; how many intensity differences can be seen?
Source: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/user-resources/webinars-and-tutorials
Source: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
Why Spectral Resolution Important?
http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
Why Temporal Resolution Important?
Source: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
Source: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
Why Radiometric Resolution Important?
Source: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
Why Radiometric Resolution Important?
L8
Source: https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/files/2015/01/Landsat_timeline.jpg
Dr. William T. Pecora, Pioneer of Earth Science from Space, the father of Landsat Program, Director of the
USGS from 1965 to 1971 under Stewart Udall, United States Secretary of the Interior for
Presidents Kennedy and Johnson
Source: https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/william-t-pecora-pioneer-of-earth-science-from-space/
Introduction to Landsat
Source: http://eijournal.com/print/articles/celebrating-40-years-years-of-landsat
Introduction to Landsat
• L8 carries 2 passive push broom, along track, scanners instead of previous whisk broom scanners (L1-L7); Operational Land Imager (OLI) and
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Landsat_Data_Continuity_Mission_Operational_Land_Imager_Instrument_Design.jpg
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/578324main_20110809-oli-lrg-
1.jpeg
• and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIS)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsat_8#/media/File:Landsat_Data_Continuity_Mission_Thermal_Infrared_Sensor_Instrument_Design.jpg
Source: https://maudestandard.wordpress.com/2013/01/07/landsat
-8-will-be-looking-down-on-us-soon/
Source: http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/1/1135
Source: https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/sa
tellite-missions/l/landsat-8-
ldcm
Landsat 5
Source: http://www.seos-project.eu/modules/classification/classification-c00-p05.html
Source: https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-22-22-27270&id=303464
Landsat 8
Source: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/landsat/news/first-images-feature.html
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/BandpassesL7vL8_Jul20131.jpg
L8 VS. L7
A deep blue visible channel (band 1) specifically designed for water resources and coastal zone investigation (sediment movement), and a new infrared channel (band 9) for the detection of cirrus (high thin) clouds.
Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov//ldcm_vs_previous.php
Which applications each band designed for?
• 1964- Dr. William Pecora proposed to US Congress• 1969- US Congress approved funding• 1972-ERTS-1 (Earth Resources Technology Satellite,
later renamed Landsat 1• 1984 Landsat 5 has launched - 2013 Landsat 5
discontinued• 2000 EO-1 (Earth Observing One) launched with ALI
(Advance Land Imager)• 2005-LDCM (Landsat Data Continuity Mission) began• 2013-LDCM was launched on February 11, 2013, later
renamed Landsat 8• 2015-Landsat 9 in a roll to be launched TIR-2019 & OLI
2-2023
Introduction to Landsat
Source: http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/nasa-awards-letter-contract-for-landsat-9-imager-2
Introduction to Landsat
Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov/about_mission_history.php and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqVKR9OnqqA
2019 TIR Free-Flyer
Introduction to Landsat
Data Correction Level:
Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov//Landsat_Processing_Details.phpSource: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
Data Correction Level:
Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov//Landsat_Processing_Details.phpSource: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
Data Correction Level:
Standard Terrain Correction (Level 1T) - provides systematic radiometric and geometric accuracy by incorporating ground control points while employing a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for topographic accuracy. Geometric accuracy of the L1T corrected product should be within 30 meters (1 pixel) for low-relief areas at sea level.
Systematic Correction (Level 1G) - provides systematic radiometric and geometric accuracy, which is derived from data collected by the sensor and spacecraft. Geometric accuracy of the systematically corrected product should be within 250 meters (1 sigma) for low-relief areas at sea level.
Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov//Landsat_Processing_Details.php
Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov/Landsat_Project_Statistics.php
Barbara Ryan GEO Secretariat Director the leader to propose the idea, then since late 2008, when Landsat data were made available to all users free of charge (600 – 1,000 or more in case of
Thailand USD per scene)
Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov/documents/USGS_Landsat_Imagery_Release.pdf
Source: https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/free-data-proves-its-worth-for-observing-earth/
Accessibility1. Earth Explorer
Source: http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
Accessibility2. Glovis
Source: http://glovis.usgs.gov/
Accessibility3. LandsatLook Viewer
Source: http://landsatlook.usgs.gov/viewer.html
Accessibility4. Landsat Google Earth Interface
Source: Google Earth with USGS_Landsat.kml
Accessibility5. LSDS Science Research and Development (LSRD)
Source: http://espa.cr.usgs.gov/index/
Source: http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3510
Main Researches and Operation Topics Using Landsat Imageries that NASA considers significant
Examples: Agriculture
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3512
Examples: Ecosystem and Biodiversity
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3518
Examples: Fire
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3522
Examples: Disasters
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3516
Examples: Human Health
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3527
Examples: Urban Growth
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3529
Examples: Forest Management
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3525
Examples: Carbon and Climate
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3514
Examples: Energy
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3520
Examples: Water
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3531
Main U.S. Government Program, Landsat Imageries Applications Use in 2015:
Source: https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/business-experts-see-landsat-as-stunning-return-on-public-investment/
Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov/Landsat_Project_Statistics.php
• Aerosol, dust, smoke and haze monitoring by Landsat, actually we can see it in the valley such as Huanpan, Laos PDR
• Landsat 8’s Band 1 (0.4333-0.453 µm) is useful for imaging shallow water, sediment, and also useful in estimating the concentration and tracking fine particles of aerosols such as smoke and haze in the atmosphere (http://landsat.usgs.gov//L8_band_1.php).
• But not many researches using Landsat to really study aerosol probably because temporal resolution, so it might be a good topic to do some interesting research as its spatial resolution.
Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=84218&src=fb
Landsat 8, however, has a new “coastal blue band” designed to parse out subtle differences in the color of water—minor changes in color intensity that can indicate what is mixed in that water.
Taking Landsat 8 to the Beach, Lake Ontario near Rochester, New York; August 22, 2014
Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=84218&src=fb
Taking Landsat 8 to the Beach, Lake Ontario near Rochester, New York; August 22, 2014Over the past year, members of Schott’s research group have paddled or motored out into the lake to sample the waters on the same days that Landsat 8 has passed overhead (which happens once every 16 days). The team then compares the chemistry and visual quality of those water samples with what the satellite sees. The researchers are using these comparisons to create data tables and computer programs that will eventually turn remote satellite images into timely information for local managers of water quality.
Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=88319&src=nha
Automating the Detection of Landslides, Nepal
Free Python 3 code--https://github.com/NASA-DEVELOP/DRIP-SLIP
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBIA0lqfcN4
Land Use and Land Cover Change
The main benefit that Landsat can provide is the time series of the changing Earth’s surfaces!!!! (Land Cover) according to human activities (Land Use).
• Land Cover: Forest, Desert, etc.• Land Use: Agriculture, Mining, Irrigation system, etc.• Land Use and Land Cover Change: Forest >>>>>
Agriculture, Urban, Suburban, etc.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPRGfyd93fo
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIYHGkSb-fU
Land Use and Land Cover Change
GEE put those Landsat imageries together and give the power for people to study the changing world!!
Google Earth Engine• What is it?• Why Google build it?• What can it do?• Examples?
Useful links for further reading and studying:1. https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/landsat2. http://www.igettremotesensing.org3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDxd6uo0gw84. http://www.ceos-cove.org/
Why is Google working on Earth Engine?
• Started in 2009 right after Landsat imageries are free to the public. Google is trying to mirror USGS archive only with L1T with over 3 millions scenes and of course MODIS and will add VIIRS.
• Google's mission is to organize the world's information (Big Data Concept; too much for a single server) and make it universally accessible and useful.
• Earth Engine organizes geospatial information and makes it available for analysis.
• Google strives to make the world a better place through the use of technology.
Source: https://earthengine.google.com
What is Earth Engine?Earth Engine is a platform for petabyte-scale scientific analysis and visualization of geospatial datasets, both for public benefit and for business and government users.Source: https://earthengine.google.com/
Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3369491/Google-s-plan-world-Search-engine-build-half-billion-dollar-data-center-US.html
What is Earth Engine? • Access to over 40 years of satellite imageries (with
daily updates). Petabytes of publicly available geospatial data.
• Scientific algorithms to analyze those data (as well as your own data). Comprehensive toolset to analyze data. Scientific algorithms ready for use & the building blocks to create your own with ability to reproduce/share routines
• Google’s computer clusters to analyze the data at planetary scale for free.
• A web-based tool for interactive data exploration.• An API for building your own specialized websites.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDxd6uo0gw8 Intro to EE & Friends By David Thau
Since 2014
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LZGBL4U3F4
What can Google Earth Engine do?
• Earth Engine’s technical infrastructure powers humanitarian, scientific, and environmental initiatives.
• GEE uses Python and Javascript as 2 base languages for Web Application Program Interface (API) where it allow users to write their own codes on top of it
• The data available in GEE can be looked up at GEE Data Catalog (https://earthengine.google.com/datasets/)
• Processing raster satellite imageries time series in a very quick time manner where users do not need to physically download huge data in their machine.
Source: https://earthengine.google.com
How to get it started?• Gmail account• Google drive• https://signup.earthengine.google.com/#/
Graphical User Interface (GUI)• earthengine.google.org• User-friendly access to data & some tools
Earth Engine Playground – Web portal to the application program interface (API)• ee-api.appspot.com• Access to advanced analysis tools • Create complex custom analyses using JavaScript • Powerful but requires some programming
knowledge or willingness to learn
Source: https://earthengine.google.com
Script manager & API Documentation Code Editor
Information Panel
Map outputPanelhttps://code.earthengine.google.com/#
Earth Engine Playground – Web portal to the application program interface (API)
Earth Engine Playground – Web portal to the application program interface (API)
With specific boundary of study area
Useful Links:Where to look at the what imageries GEE have• Call Earth Engine Bucket--
https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/earthengine-public/?pli=1
• https://earthengine.google.org/#index• https://ee-api.appspot.com/datasets• https://console.developers.google.com/storage/earthen
gine-public/
Access documentations (ready to use codes)• https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/
Participate and get help from the forum• https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en&fromgroups#
!forum/google-earth-engine-developers
Matt Hansen, Global Forest Change, Powered by GEE
Source: http://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest
“This is the first map of forest change that is globally consistent and locally relevant. What would have taken a single computer 15 years to perform was completed in a matter of days using Google Earth Engine computing.” Prof. Dr. Matt Hansen, U. of Maryland
Source: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6160/850
Source: http://mol.org/
Map Of LifeThe Map of Life team has developed an interactive map for conservators to view and analyze habitat ranges and to assess the security of individual species.
Source: http://mol.org/
The Deforestation Alert System (SAD) is operating in the GEE platform (Monthly Deforestation Report; http://imazon.org.br/).
Report results at
Global Forest Watch;
http://www.globalforest
watch.org/
Source: USAID-LEAF
GEE Landsat Time Series-Forest Cover Change to Carbon Emission
1. Overview of Image Time Series Compositing Process2. GEE Madang, PNG 2000-2013 Available Imagery3. LEAF Composites Missing Scene Integration and L8
Integration4. Detection of Deforestation and Degradation by
CLASlite Using Landsat Google Earth Engine Composites
5. CLASlite’s Outputs from 4 USAID LEAF Landscapes6. Madang emissions based on Hansen AD7. GEE example code by Ian Houseman, RSAC-USFS
“Landsat looked; the scientists saw. Lives will be saved” by Joel N. Shurkin, July 23, 2012
Source: Landsat Looks and Sees, Forty Years of Observations Reveal a Changing Planet and Society; Landsat 1, July 23, 1972 (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/LandsatLooks/)
Source: Landsat 8, Feb. 11, 2013, https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/free-data-
proves-its-worth-for-observing-earth/
“From Still-Lifes to Motion Pictures” by Holli RiebeekVisuals by Joshua Stevens March 26, 2015http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/LandsatBigData/
Landsat and Beyond: Sustaining and Enhancing the Nation's Land Imaging Program, 2013
Source: National Academy of Sciences, http://www.nap.edu
Source: Introduction to ARSET and Aerosols Observations from Satellites - Air Quality, PawanGupta, October 2015, http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
Experimental: (CLOUDSAT) The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)
Source: Introduction to ARSET and Aerosols Observations from Satellites - Air Quality, PawanGupta, October 2015, http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
CALIPSO w70 x h30 m
Source: Satellites Remote Sensing of Air Quality – An Overview, Pawan Gupta, September 2015, http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
Source: Introduction to ARSET and Aerosols Observations from Satellites - Air Quality, PawanGupta, October 2015, http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
The Power of Remote Sensing?• To Witness• To Prove• To Relate• To Reveal• To Celebrate By National Geographic Photographer James Balog(2013, http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/ng-live/balog-prove-lecture-
nglive?cs=related&source=relatedvideo)
• To Understand• To Adapt• To Survive
Conclusions
• Landsat is the longest satellite program with continuous data of over 40 years and will be extended.
• Landsat is free and can be used to study Global’sphenomena
• GEE enables us to utilize free remote sensing data into higher potential with less resources.
• We have to handle “Big data” in order to make more sense out of what we already have.
• Thoroughly love and understand what you are doing will enable your to enjoy your life!!!!
Thank you very much
for your attention!
Questions!!!!
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