introduction to remote sensing - university college dublin · 2009-06-17 · remote sensing data...
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OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Introduction to Remote Sensing
Daniel McInerney
Urban Institute Ireland,University College Dublin,
Richview Campus,Clonskeagh Drive,
Dublin 14.
16th June 2009
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Presentation Outline
1 OverviewObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
2 Satellite SensorsOverviewSpaceborne SensorsSensor Characteristics
3 Remote Sensing DataLow Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Presentation Outline
1 OverviewObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
2 Satellite SensorsOverviewSpaceborne SensorsSensor Characteristics
3 Remote Sensing DataLow Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Presentation Outline
1 OverviewObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
2 Satellite SensorsOverviewSpaceborne SensorsSensor Characteristics
3 Remote Sensing DataLow Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Objectives of lecture
To provide a basic introduction to remote sensing
Demonstrate some types of remote sensing data
Quick RS exercise using ArcGIS 9.3
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
What is a Remote Sensing?
Simply put it is the measurement of objects/targets from adistance
Definitions... the measurement from a distance, of the spectralfeatures of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere’. (Mather,1999).
... the use of electromagnetic radiation sensors to recordimages of the environment which can be interpreted toyield useful information. (Curran, 1985).
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Principal benefits of remote sensing
major role in observation
simultaneous monitoring with great detail and uniformity
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Physical basis of Remote Sensing
Source - electromagnetic radiation (Sun)
Interaction with the Earths surface - amount of radiationreflected depends on object
Interaction with the atmosphere distorts and scatters light(interference)
Sensor to record
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Physical basis of Remote Sensing
Source - electromagnetic radiation (Sun)
Interaction with the Earths surface - amount of radiationreflected depends on object
Interaction with the atmosphere distorts and scatters light(interference)
Sensor to record
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Physical basis of Remote Sensing
Source - electromagnetic radiation (Sun)
Interaction with the Earths surface - amount of radiationreflected depends on object
Interaction with the atmosphere distorts and scatters light(interference)
Sensor to record
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Physical basis of Remote Sensing
Source - electromagnetic radiation (Sun)
Interaction with the Earths surface - amount of radiationreflected depends on object
Interaction with the atmosphere distorts and scatters light(interference)
Sensor to record
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Electromagnetic Radiation
EMR waves transported through space at the speed oflight (c = 299,792,458 m/s)
EMR spectrum can be divided into several wavelengths(frequency) regions − visible spectrum is 400 - 700 nm
No sharp boundaries between these regions
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
EMR Spectrum
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Beyond the visible spectrum
Infrared light (700 nm - 1mm)
Mid Infrared (1100 3000nm)
Thermal (3000 1mm [heat])
Microwave radiation (1mm 300cm)
Penetrates cloud
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Beyond the visible spectrum
Infrared light (700 nm - 1mm)
Mid Infrared (1100 3000nm)
Thermal (3000 1mm [heat])
Microwave radiation (1mm 300cm)
Penetrates cloud
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Interactions with the Earth’s surface
Incident radiation interferenceTransmissionReflectionScatteringAbsorption
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Spectral Signatures
Specific combination of reflected & absorbed EMR atvarying wavelengths
Reflectance from objects differs due to object types
mineral / organic
roughness and structure
moisture content
Distinct spectral signatures (spectral response)(vegetation, water, soils)
Forms basis of discrimination/classification in opticalremote sensing
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Spectral Signatures
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
ObjectivesRemote Sensing TheorySpectral Signatures
Spectral Signatures - Landsat 7 ETM+
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
OverviewSpaceborne SensorsSensor Characteristics
Definition
Definition Any optical system that scans the objects orimage surface electromechanically or electronically inmore than one wavelength
Measure reflectance in atmospheric (windows)
Passive and active sensors exist
Record in digital format
Orbiting
Finite lifetimes
Differ in a number of key characteristics
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
OverviewSpaceborne SensorsSensor Characteristics
Advantages of Spaceborne Remote Sensing
Large area coverage
Frequent and repetitive coverage of an area of interest;
Quantitative measurement of ground features usingradiometrically calibrated sensors;
Semiautomated computerised processing and analysis;
Relatively lower cost per unit area of coverage.
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
OverviewSpaceborne SensorsSensor Characteristics
Characteristics
Swath width
Spatial Resolution
Spectral resolution
Temporal resolution
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Low Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
Low Resolution Images
NOAA-AVHRR
SPOT-Vegetation
SeaWIFS
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Low Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
AVHRR
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Low Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
Medium Resolution Images
SPOT 4/5-XS
Landsat TM/ETM+
AWiFS
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Low Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
Landsat 7 ETM+
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Low Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
High Resolution Images
Quickbird
Ikonos
Chris Proba
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Low Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
Ikonos
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Low Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
Conclusion
Concluding remarksRemote Sensing is an important field in geo-scienceresearch
Mainly used for environmental applications, but also insocial science (r.f. population densities)
Myriad of sensors available for different applications
Questions, comments?
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Low Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
Conclusion
Concluding remarksRemote Sensing is an important field in geo-scienceresearch
Mainly used for environmental applications, but also insocial science (r.f. population densities)
Myriad of sensors available for different applications
Questions, comments?
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
OverviewSatellite Sensors
Remote Sensing Data
Low Resolution DataMedium Resolution DataHigh Resolution Data
Conclusion
Concluding remarksRemote Sensing is an important field in geo-scienceresearch
Mainly used for environmental applications, but also insocial science (r.f. population densities)
Myriad of sensors available for different applications
Questions, comments?
Daniel McInerney UII Summer School - 16.06.2009
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