introduction to earth science. earth’s changing surface

Introduction To Earth Science

Earth’s Changing Surface

What Makes Up Earth’s Surface.

• Surface features are identified by location, shape and elevation.

The earths surface contains:

• Solid landforms.• Water.

Earth’s surface is covered by:

• Land-29%• Fresh Water-3%• Salt Water-68%

Name Six of Earth’s landforms.

• Mountains.• Hills.• Plateaus.• Plains.• Valleys.• Flood Plains.

What Is A Topographic Map?

• Shows the shape of surface features and their elevations using Contour lines.

What are two types of weathering?

• Mechanical-breaks rocks-still same kind of rock.

• Chemical-changes into other chemicals.

What is Erosion?

• Carrying away of sediments by moving water, wind, or moving ice.

What is Deposition?

•The dropping of sediment from one

place to another.

Earth’s Structure

What is The Earth’s Structure? What are Earthquakes and Volcanoes? How

do Mountains Form?

Name The Earth’s Layers.• Crust: thin outer layer.• Mantle: Thick layer between the crust and outer core.• Outer Core: Earth’s only layer that is liquid.• Inner Core: Solid Core held together by pressure.

Describe Plate Boundaries.• Converging: Two plates slide toward each other.-

Ocean Trench.• Diverging: Two plates move away from each other.-

Rift Valley.• Sliding: Two plates slide past each other in opposite

directions.-Fault Line.

What is an EarthQuake?

• Violent shaking of the Earth’s Crust.

What is a volcano?• Opening of the earth’s surface where molten

rock, ash, hot gases, rock pieces burst through and erupt.

What is the Ring of Fire?

• The many earthquakes and volcanoes along the edge of the pacific ocean. See page 44/45 of Interactive Textbook.

What are three Types of Mountains?

• Fold Mountains: Two plates crash into each other and the layers of rocks are forced into folds.

• Fault-block Mountains: Form where there are faults.

• Dome Mountains: Where magma bulges upward under the crust and hardens as it cools.

Managing Earth’s Changes

How can Floods be controlled? How can Beaches be protected? How is

Farmland managed?

How Can We Try To Control Floods?

• Storm Drains: Pipes that carry away storm water.• Levees: A wall along a river or body of water.• Dams and Reservoirs: A wall across a river that

collects the water into a lake.

• A new landform formed from sand.

What are Barrier Islands?

What is Beach Erosion?

• When beaches loose their sand.

Preventing Beach Erosion.

• Jetties: Thin, narrow walls built from land to ocean.• Beach-Nourishment: Dumping new sand on beach.• Sea Walls: Wall built along the edge of a beach.

Managing Farmland Topsoil and Subsoil.

• Contour Plowing: Soil plowed in curved rows.• Terrace Farming: Crops planted on level

sections.