intro to policy-making process

L/O/G/Owww.themegallery.com

INTRODUCTION TO POLICY PROCESS1

1A requirement submitted by Michael John D. Sison in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course Public Policy and Program Management (DM 219) under the Supervision of Dr. Reynaldo Gelido; Summer, S.Y. 2013-2014

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITYGraduate School

Urdaneta City Campus

Topic Outline:I. Definition and Basic Elements of PolicyII. Policy and Related ConceptsIII. Bases of PolicyIV. Policy Agenda-Setting

a. What is Agenda? b. How do groups gain access to the Policy Agenda? c. How do issues get to the agenda? d. The Policymaking Process

V. 5 Cs (Importance of a Policy)VI. Revisiting VMOGVII. Issues and Concerns

PROBLEMSISSUES

CHALLENGESCONCERNS

POLICY.

I. Definition of Policypol·i·cy [pol-uh-see]

noun, plural pol·i·cies.• a definite course of action adopted for the sake of 

expediency, facility, etc.: We have a new company policy.• a course of action adopted and pursued by a government, 

ruler, political party, etc.: our nation's foreign policy.• action or procedure conforming to or considered with 

reference to prudence or expediency: It was good policy to consent

(Source: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/policy).

I. Definition of Policy

Policy is a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome. It contains the “WHAT” and the “WHY” (of) needs to be done (Carrera & Sumajit, 2013).

I. Definition of PolicyPolicy is a purposive course of action

or decision which is commonly set and perceived to be socially desirable to a great number of people (NEDA as cited by Miclat, 2005).

A good example of policy, in the context of a university, is to promote quality and relevant education (Miclat, 2005).

P

O

L

I

C

Y

Basic Elements of a Policy(Based on Manuel, 2008)

P olicy instrument, concerns, beneficiaries and people;

O bjective, responsible and accountable;

L imitations and time-frame;

I magination and creativity;

C enters on decision-making and has discretion; and

Y es! A policy has predictability and relative uniformity of decisions.

Basic Elements of a Policy(Based on Manuel, 2008)

II. Policy and Related Concepts(Based on Manuel, 2008)

III. Bases of Policy(Based on Manuel, 2008)

IV. Policy Agenda-Setting

POLICY MAKING

PROCESS

IV. a. What is Agenda?(Based on Manuel, 2008)

Question:

What if the demands placed on our agenda exceed our capacity to accomplish them (Manuel, 2008)?

Accomplishment

IV. b. How do groups gain access to the policy agenda (Manuel, 2008)?

Question:How does agenda reveal the values of the political system (Manuel, 2008)?

Systemic agenda vs. Institutional agenda(Based on Manuel, 2008)

IV. c. How do issues get to the Agenda?

● DISTORTION● PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

POLICY MAKING

PROCESS

(Based on Manuel, 2008)

Agenda Setting

Policy Formulation

Policy Adoption

Policy Implementation

Policy Evaluation

revision

revision

revi

sio

n

POLICY MAKING

PROCESS

Consultations are carried out :

Within the lead Agency with their technical expertsWithin Other Government Agencies which may be directly or indirectly impactedWith Among committees, management and stakeholders

(Source: Bitonio, 2011)

IV. d. The Policymaking Process

POLICY MAKING

PROCESS

Agenda Setting

Policy Formulation

Policy Adoption

Policy Implementation

Policy Evaluation

revision

revision

revi

sio

n

V. 5 C’s of Policy5 ImportanCe of a Policy

(Based on Carrera &Sumajit, 2013)

SUCCESS!Vision Statement

“what we want to become”

Mission Statement

“who we are What we value”

Goals & Objectives

“How we measure our degree of success

Strategy

“how we will achieve our vision”

Policies &Procedures

“what, how, and when an action should be done?

Communicating Purpose to Stakeholders

(Source: Bitonio, 2011)

- Realization of Vision and Mission;

- Attainment of Goals and Objectives; and

- Effective and efficient application of Strategy and adherence to Policies and Procedures

VI. Revisiting VMOG

Examples of possible policies

Personnel Policies

•Promotion policies: As the enterprise grows, managers should be promoted from within. Normally, the enterprise hires only supervisory positions from the outside.

•Managerial selection policy: In selecting potential supervisory managers, we will hire college graduates.

(Source: Manuel, 2008)

Examples of possible policies

Marketing Policies

•Internal growth policy: Normally, the major avenue of growth is to increase the sales of present products. Merger will be rarely used method of growth.

•New product policy: Normally, when new products are added they will fit our current product line by increasing the number of sizes of the product offered.

(Source: Manuel, 2008)

APPLICATION:Philippines and Climate Change

* AverageSource: PAGASA

Philippines’ worst Storms from September 2009 to August 2013 which were:

Source: Inquirer.net

APPLICATION:Philippines and Climate Change

INJURED

MISSING

DEATHS

Source: Inquirer.net

Philippines’ worst Storms from September 2009 to August 2013:

APPLICATION:Philippines and Climate Change

Philippines’ worst Storms from September 2009 to August 2013:

Cost of damages:

P 64, 814, 424, 000.00

Source: Inquirer.net

APPLICATION:Philippines and Climate Change

Philippines and Climate ChangePhilippines’ worst Storms from September 2009 to August 2013:

How does the country cope with the challenges of disasters and climate change?

(Image credit:http://4.bp.blogspot.com)

Vision

(Source: Smarter Philippines, 2014)

Mission

PNoy’s Administration

Mission!

(Source: Smarter Philippines, 2014)

Goals and Objectives

Goals and Objectives

(Source: National Disaster Risk Reduction andManagement Plan (NDRRMP), 2011)

Strategy

(Source: Smarter Philippines, 2014)

Policy

Policy!

(Source: Smarter Philippines, 2014)

Procedure (Or Action Program)

Project NOAH is the Department of Science and Technology’s (DOST) response to the call of President Benigno S. Aquino III for a more accurate, integrated, and responsive disaster prevention and mitigation system, especially in high-risk areas throughout the Philippines (http://www.gov.ph/about-project-noah/).

Project NOAH is the Department of Science and Technology’s (DOST) response to the call of President Benigno S. Aquino III for a more accurate, integrated, and responsive disaster prevention and mitigation system, especially in high-risk areas throughout the Philippines (http://www.gov.ph/about-project-noah/).

Philippines and Climate Change

The Philippines is rising against the challenges of Climate Change.

“Para naman po sa paghahanda sa kalamidad: Ang layunin nating magpanday ng mga mekanismo upang mailayo sa peligro ang Pilipino: natupad na rin po. Nariyan po ang epektibong serbisyong bunsod ng pagsasanib-puwersa ng Geohazard Mapping and Assessment Program at Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards) naman ng DOST (Department of Science and Technology).”

- President Benigno Aquino III

4th State of the Nation Address

Question: S&T for Disaster Risk Reduction?

Embracing: *S & T for Disaster Risk Reduction

e.g. Project NOAH (Lagmay, 2013)

(Source: Magante & Almase, 2013)* Science and Technology

S & T for Disaster Risk Reduction

Project NOAH

(Lagmay, 2013)

* Science and Technology

S & T for Disaster Risk Reduction

* Science and Technology

S & T for Disaster Risk Reduction

* Science and Technology

VII. Issues and Concerns

Why and how a policy

becomes an “epic fail”?

(Source: Items Ignorance to Politics based on Bitonio, 2011).

Reference:READ MORE:

A. Books

•Manuel, Manolito C. EDM 333 Policy Process. Pangasinan State University Open University Systems. 2008

•Miclat, Jr. Eusebio, F. Strategic Planning in Education: Making Change Happen 2005

B. Web

•Aquino, Benigno III. Fourth State of the Nation Address. http://www.gov.ph/2013/07/22/benigno-s-aquino-iii-fourth-state-of-the-nation-address-july-22-2013/

•Bitonio, Josefina. Policy Development: A Lecture-presentation for Goodminds Empowerment & Training Specialists and Advocacy Cooperative http://www.slideshare.net/coopjbb1/policy-devt-feb-26th?utm_source=slideshow&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=download_notificatio Nov. 22, 2011 Retrieved August 09, 2014

•Bitonio, Josefina. Policy Formulation. http://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/what-is-a-policy?utm_source=slideshow&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=download_notificatio Nov. 22, 2011 Retrieved August 09, 2014

•Melchor III, Alejandro. Inclusive Growth Through a Smarter Philippines! http://www.slideshare.net/budmelchor/inclusive-growth-through-a-smarter-philippines#btnNext Feb. 18, 2014 Accessed July 30, 2014

•_________________. About Project NOAH. http://www.gov.ph/about-project-noah/ July 06, 2012

• _________________. A Social Contract with the Filipino People. http://www.gov.ph/about/gov/exec/bsaiii/platform-of-government/ July 25, 2010

Reference:• __________________. Definition of Policy. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/policy Accessed July 30,

2014

C. PDF

• Carrera, Arloyd P. & Sumajit, Maribeth R. Policy Formulation. Slideshare

• Lagmay, Alfredo Mahar Francisco A. Project NOAH S & T for Disaster Risk Reduction 2013

• Martinez, Carlos C. Chapter IX Different Approaches to Policy Transfer in Innovations in Governance and Public Administration: Replicating what works, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, U.N. 2006

• Magante, Gee Lyn, M. and Almase, Ananda Devi, D. Revisiting Disaster Management Policy in the Philippines: Some Issues and Concerns in NDCP Policy Brief (A Publication Series on National Security Issues by the National Defense College of the Philippines) April 30, 2013

• _____________________. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) 2011‐2028 http://www.slideshare.net/tudlo/national-disaster-riask-reduction-and-management-plan?qid=91b7071e-8116-4c12-8a4d-c3dc6c63f2f8&v=default&b=&from_search=8# April 13, 2014 Retrieved August 12, 2014

• ______________________. Smarter Philippines. Department of Science and Technology June 02, 2014

D. Infographics

• De Jesus, Julliane (Researcher) & Diamat, Mark (GFX) Philippines’ Worst Storms Since 2009. Inquirer.net

NOTE: Slides 33 to 38 were author’s own analysis, with reference to slide 27.

Disclaimer:

The author claims no copyright ownership of all the photos or graphics used in this presentation and thanks all of those photographers/graphic artists who shared and published them thru internet.