internationalisation of large generation … md... · presentation outline • introduction ......
Post on 23-Feb-2018
233 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
11
THEME:THEME:
INTERNATIONALISATION OF LARGEINTERNATIONALISATION OF LARGEGENERATION SITES AND RELATEDGENERATION SITES AND RELATED
INTERCONNECTED HV LINESINTERCONNECTED HV LINES
TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSTECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSPRESENTED AT UPDEA CONGRESSPRESENTED AT UPDEA CONGRESS
ACCRA - GHANA ACCRA - GHANAJUNE 2005JUNE 2005
BYBYRHODNIE SISALARHODNIE SISALA
MANAGING DIRECTOR –ZESCO LTDMANAGING DIRECTOR –ZESCO LTDZAMBIAZAMBIA
22
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
• INTRODUCTION
• CURRENT SITUATION
• POTENTIAL LARGE GENERATION SITES
• POTENTIAL HV TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTORS
• TECHNICAL ASPECTS
• ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
• NEPADS ROLE
• CONCLUSION
33
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION• ELECTRIFICATION OF NEEDY AREAS OF THE CONTINENT
REQUIRE AVAILABLITY OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• THERE IS NEED FOR ADEQUATE GENERATION CAPACITIESAND INTERCONNECTION LINES WITHIN THE VARIOUSSTATES TO ENHANCE ELECTRIFICATION
• UNFORTUNATELY MOST AFRICAN COUNTRIES ARE EITHERALREADY IN OR WILL SOON HAVE A CAPACITY & ENERGYDEFICIT
• MOST REGIONAL POWER POOLS ALSO FACE A GENERATIONDEFICIT IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS E.G. SADC REGIONTHROUGH SAPP– DEMAND GROWING AT 3% PER ANNUM– SADC REGION TO RUN OUT OF CAPACITY & ENERGY
AROUND 2007 WITH EXISTING CAPACITY
44
CURRENT STATUSCURRENT STATUSENERGY DEFICITY IN• SADC REGION BY 2007• NIGERIA• KENYAN• UGANDA
DEVELOPMENT OF POWER STATIONS ANDINTERCONNECTORS AWAIT MOBILISATION OFCAPITAL
• ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY IN AFRICA LOW
55
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
� POOLING OF RESOURCES THROUGH
REGIONAL INTEGRATION
� POWER POOLS
� AFRICAN UNION ORGANS MAY FACILITATE
� FINANCING INSTITUTIONS
� TECHNICAL ORGANS
66
AFRICANUNION
(NEPAD)
AFREC
UPDEA
WAPPSAPP
EAPPPEAC
FINANCINGORGANISATIONS
AfDB, WB, EIB,DBSA, …
REGIONAL INTEGRATION THROUGH POWER POOLS
SUB REGIONALTECHNICALORGANISATIONSe.g PIESA etc
77
D
-
-
I
� -s
CONGO
E E
MAROC
TUNISIE
R MAL
I
E
SAHARA Occ.
COTE
E
E GHANA
TOGO
BENIN
L
LIBERIA
A FASO
EQU.
O
D
MOZAMBIQUE
MADAGASCAR
MALAWI
A
A
OUGANDA
R. B.
SOMALIE
E
I
E
S
&
D N
RCA
A
A
SUD
A
AAAA
EGYPTE
N
N
E
E
E
REP. DEM. CONGO
WEST AFRICA
NEPA GTI
SBEE SENELEC
SONABEL CEB
SOPIE CIE
SOGEPE SONICHAR
SOGEM NIGELIEC
NAWEC LEC
VRA SOMELEC
EDG EDM-SA
EAGB
TOGO ELRCTRICITE
NORTH AFRICA
EEHC STEG
SONELGAZ ONE
GECOL
CENTRAL AFRICA
SNEL ELECTROGAZ
REGIDESO STEE
AES-SONEL SEGEA
ENERCA SEGEA
SNE EMAE
SEEG SINELAC
EASTERN AFRICA
DJIBELEC
NEC
EEC
KPLC
KenGem
UEB
TANESCO
UEGCL
UEDCL
UETCL
EEPC
SOUTHERN REGION
ESKOM ESCOM
EDEL BPC
ENE EDM
ZESCO ZESA
JIRAMA LEC
CEB
NAMPOWER
North
West
Central
East
South
88
THE SOUTHERN AFRICANTHE SOUTHERN AFRICANPOWER POOL (SAPP) CASEPOWER POOL (SAPP) CASE
PROJECTED ENERGY DEFICITPROJECTED ENERGY DEFICITBY 2007BY 2007
99
INSTALLED CAPACITY vs ANNUAL MAXIMUM DEMAND
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
199
8
200
0
200
2
200
4
200
6
200
8
201
0
201
2
YEAR
MW
INSTALLEDCAPACITYMW
Rapid Load Growth
Available Capacity
1010
ENERGY DEFICIT IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL
� FORECAST ANNUAL MAXIMUM DEMAND IS RISING FASTER THAN
PROJECTED IN A NUMBER OF COUNTRIES SUCH AS SOUTH AFRICA
AND ZAMBIA
� SOME INSTALLED CAPACITY IS ACTUALLY NOT AVAILABLE
� CONSIDERATION OF THE RESERVE CAPACITY (10.2 %) BUILT IN
•IMPLICATIONTHE ENERGY DEFICIT WILL BE REACHED MUCH EARLIER THAN PROJECTED.
THE DEFICIT IS EXPECTED ABOUT 2007
1111
8764 TOTAL
2009Gas80 Kinyerezi
2007Gas60 Kinyerezi
2005Gas40 Ubungo
2004Gas40 UbungoTanzania
2009Gas300 Lupani
2008Hydro660Hwange 7& 8
2007Hydro300Kariba SouthZimbabwe10
2009Hydro360Kariba North
2009Hydro600Kafue Lower
2007Hydro120Itezhi-Tezhi
2006Hydro210RefurbishmentZambia9
2007Hydro20 MagugaSwaziland8
2008Gas500Open Cycle Gas Turbine
2005 to 2010Coal3500Mothballed PlantsSouth Africa7
2009Gas800 KuduNamibia6
2009Hydro64Kaphichira Phase-2Malawi5
2010Hydro110Muela Phase 2Lesotho4
2007Hydro500Refurbish Inga 1&2DRC3
2009Coal240Morupule ExpansionBotswana2
2007Hydro260 CapandaAngola1
Expected YearTypeCapacity(MW)Project NameCountryNo.
SHORT TERM GENERATION PROJECTS IN SAPP
1212
LONG TERM GENERATIONLONG TERM GENERATIONPROJECTS IN SAPPPROJECTS IN SAPP
ESTIMATED COSTESTIMATED COST$ 45 Billion$ 45 Billion
1313 1300 Gokwe North
800 BatokaZimbabwe12
220 Kalungwishi
200 Expansion Kariba NorthZambia11
222 Ramakali
200 Mchuchuma
200 Mchuchuma
358 RuhunjiTanzania10
1000 LubomboSwaziland9
23302XPUMPED Storage
1500 2xCGT
2500 Greenfield
4000 GreenfieldSouth Africa8
23 Popa
360 EpupaNamibia7
40 Massinngir
1000 Moatize
1300 Mepanda UncuaMozambique6
100 Fufu
260 Mphatamaga
240 KholombizoMalawi5
230 MusangaLesotho4
6000 Grand Inga Phase 1
3500 Inga-3DRC3
3600 MmamabulaBotswana2
260 Cambambe IIAngola1
Capacity(MW) Project NameCountryNo.
1414
POTENTIAL LARGE GENERATION SITESPOTENTIAL LARGE GENERATION SITES• ZAMBIA
– KAFUE GORGE LOWER (750 MW)– KARIBA NORTH BANK EXTENTION (300 MW)– ITEZHI TEZHI (120 MW)– BATOKA (800 MW)– LUAPULA HYDRO DEVELOPMENT (950 MW)– KALUNGWISHI HYDRO DEVELOPMENT (163 MW)– DEVILS GORGE (800 MW)
• DRC– INGA (44,000 MW)– OTHER SITES (56,000 MW)
• GHANA– BUI –SITE ( 400 MW )
• UGANDA– BUJUGALI SITE ( 200 MW )
• MOZAMBIQUE– CABORABASSA– MPHANDA NKUWA ( 1300 MW ) ESTIMATED COST OF $ 2 Billion)
1515
POTENTIAL HV INTERCONNECTORSPOTENTIAL HV INTERCONNECTORS
• ZAMBIA – TANZANIA-KENYA 330 KV
• NORTHERN HIGHWAY INTERCONNECTOR FROM INGADRC TO EGYPT VIA SUDAN
• SOUTHERN HIGHWAY (CENTRAL CORRIDOR)INTERCONNECTOR FROM INGA TO RSA VIA ZAMBIA
• SOUTHERN HIGHWAY (WESTERN CORRIDOR)INTERCONNECTOR FROM INGA TO RSA VIA ANGOLA
• WESTERN HIGHWAY FROM INGA TO NIGERIA
1616
GENERATION SITES AND INTERCONNECTION PROJECTS
Northern
Northern Highway (alternative route)
Southern Highway (Eastern corridor)
corridor)Southern Highway (Western
Western
LEGEND
Existing Sub stations
Planned Sub stations
� Interconnection Projects
� Converter Sub sstations
CONGO
LIBYAALGERIA
MOROCO
TUNISIA
CHADMALIMAURITANIA
SAHARA
.
COTED’IVOIR
E
GUINEA
GHANA
TOGO
BENIN
SENEGALLGAMBIA
SIERRA LEONE
LIBERIA
BURKINA
FASO
GUINEE EQU.
LESOTHO
SWAZILAND
MOZAMBIQUE
MADAGASCAR
MALAWI
TANZANIA
KENYA
OUGANDA
R.B.
SOMALI
ETHIOPIA
DJIBOUTI
ERITREAE
GUINEA-BISSAU
COMOROS
SAO TOME &
PRINCIPE
SUDAN
CAR
NIGERIAA
ANGOLA
SOUTH AFRICA
BOTSWANA
INGINGINGING
AAAA
EGYPT
CAMEROONN
GABONN
NAMIBIA
ZIMBABWE
ZAMBIIA
CONGO
CalabarCalabarCalabarCalabar
REP. DEM.
Zambia-Tanzania-Kenya interconnector
Northern
Northern Highway (alternative route)
Southern Highway (Eastern corridor)
corridor)Southern Highway (Western
Western
LEGEND
Existing Sub stations
Planned Sub stations
� Interconnection Projects
� Converter Sub sstations
CONGO
LIBYAALGERIA
MOROCO
TUNISIA
CHADMALIMAURITANIA
SAHARA
.
COTED’IVOIR
E
GUINEA
GHANA
TOGO
BENIN
SENEGALLGAMBIA
SIERRA LEONE
LIBERIA
BURKINA
FASO
GUINEE EQU.
LESOTHO
SWAZILAND
MOZAMBIQUE
MADAGASCAR
MALAWI
TANZANIA
KENYA
OUGANDA
R.B.
SOMALI
ETHIOPIA
DJIBOUTI
ERITREAE
GUINEA-BISSAU
COMOROS
SAO TOME &
PRINCIPE
SUDAN
CAR
NIGERIAA
ANGOLA
SOUTH AFRICA
BOTSWANA
INGINGINGING
AAAA
EGYPT
CAMEROONN
GABONN
NAMIBIA
ZIMBABWE
ZAMBIIA
CONGO
CalabarCalabarCalabarCalabar
REP. DEM. REP. DEM.
Zambia-Tanzania-Kenya interconnector
Generation sites
PLANNED LARGE GENERATION SITES AND HVINTERCONNECTORS ACROSS AFRICA
1717HIGH VOLTAGE SUBSTATION
1818
1919
MatadiMoanda
Lukula
Tshela
Inga
SangaKikwit
Masi-
Kenge Mweka
Tshikapa
Kananga
Lungudi
TshalaLubilanji
Kabinda
Kaniama
Mbanza-Kongolo
Kabalo
Kasongo
Kalemie
Kindu
Goma
Bukavu
Kisangani
Bandundu
BulunguIlebo
Tembo
Idiofa
InongoInongo
MbandakaBoende
Basankusu
Lisala Bumba
GbadoliteLibenge
Zongo
Gemena
Mobayi
Buta
Kyimbi
Kamina
Beni
Butembo
Kilubi
KolweziLikasi
Lubumbashi
Boma
NsekeNzilo
KoniM´sha
Piana Mwanga
Lepudungu
Nepoko
Mugombe
KakobolaKitona
Katende
Gungu
Kinshasa
Kamimbi
Ruzizi
Yangambi
Isiro
Kisalala
Rutshuru
Semliki
manimba
Bamba
Feshi
Kahemba
Kasongo-
PopokabakaNgunguKimvula
Seke-Banza
Lunda
Zongo
Bagata
MushieKutu
Inongo
Kiri
Oshwe
Mbuji Mayi
DembaDimbelenge
LusamboLubefu
Lodja
Kole
Katako-Kombe
Luebo
Dekese
Kazumba
Mwene-Ditu
Luiza
Lubao
Sakania
Kipushi
Tshopo
Mpozo
Mitwaba
ManonoMoba
Bukama
Malemba-Nkulu
Kasenga
NyunzuMani
Kabongo
Dilolo
Sandoa
Kapanga
Luozi
Kasanza
Ingende
Bikoro
Ruki
BefaleBolomba
Bongandanga
Bomongo
BudjalaKungu
Bosobolo
Businga
Monkoto
Bokungu
Ikela
Djolu
Bumba Aketi
DingilaBambesa
AngoBondo
Poko
Niangara
RunguM’zoro
Faradje
Mahagi
AruWatsa
Wamba
Bafwasende
BanaliaBasokoBengamisa
Isangi
YahumaBabeba
WageniaWanie-Rukula
UbunduOpala
MambasaIrumu
Budana
BuniaSoleniama
Djugu
Kibombo
Fizi
MangembeKampene
PangiUvira
MwengaMungombe
WalunguShabunda
MogaShabunda
LulinguKabare
Kalehe
Existing 220 kV transmission line
Line in project
HVDC Inga - Kolwezi
Existing hydro power plant
Hydro power plant in project
Existing 110 - 132 kV transmission line
Existing thermal power plant
Legend
100 2000 300 400 500
Kilometers
DRC HYDRO SITESDRC HYDRO SITESDRC HYDRO SITESDRC HYDRO SITES
ANDANDANDAND
POTENTIALPOTENTIALPOTENTIALPOTENTIAL
Hydro potential : 100.000 MW OF WHICH
� 56.000 MW at different sites spread allover the country ;
� 44.000 MW concentrated at the Inga site.
Equator
Source: Africa Utility Week- Cape Town 2005
2020
INGA 1 DRC
CURRENT CAPACITY 351 MW
2121
INGA II
DRC
EXISTING CAPACITY 1424 MW
2222
GRAND INGA
POTENTIAL 39,000 MW
INGA 3
POTENTIAL 3,500 MW
LARGE GENERATION SITES
POTENTIAL IN DRC
Source: Africa Utility Week- Cape Town 2005
2323
D RCONGO
TANZANIA
MA
LA
WI
MOZAMBIQUE
ZIMBABWE
NAKONDE
KASAMA ISOKA
CHINSALI
MPOROKOSO
LUWINGU
MPIKA
PENSULO
SERENJE
CHIPATA
CHIRUNDU
LEOPARDS HILL
KARIBA SOUTH
MUSONDA FALLS (5MW)
LUSIWASI(12MW)
MULUNGUSHI(20MW)
MSORO
LUNDAZI
MFUE
AZELELUNSEMFWA(18MW)
CHISHIMBA FALLS
LUNZUA(0.75MW)
MBALA
SAMFYA
KASHIKISHI
PETAUKE
MOMBUTUTA
CHIENGI
LUAPULA RIVER
To Sumbuwanga
KALUNGWISHI RIVER
MPULUNGU
NAMIBIABOTSWANA
ANGOLA
KALABO MONGU
SENANGA
SESHEKE
SOLWEZI
ITEZHI – TEZHI(120MW)
VICTORIA FALLS(108MW)
MUZUMA
MICHELO
LUANO
KITWE
MAPOSA
KANSUSWA
KABWE
KAPIRIMPOSHI
MPONGWE
LUSAKA WEST
KAFUE WEST KAFUE TOWN KAFUE LOWER (750MW)KAFUE GORGE
900MW(1080MW)KARIBA NORTH(600MW(750MW)
LAKE KARIBA
MAZABUKA
MUMBWA
MANSA
MAMBILIMA
KA
FUE
RIV
ER
ZA
MB
EZ
I RIV
ER
CHAMBESH
I RIV
ER
WEST LUNGA at West Lunga River(2.5MW)
KASEMPA CHIKATA FALLS (3.5MW)
MUFUMBWE
LUKULU
KAOMA
220kV
22o East
33.5o East
8o
18oKATIMAMULILO
ZAMBEZI
LUANGWA
132kV
88kV
66kV
330kV
EXISTINGPOWER\SUBSTATIONSAND POWER LINES
PROPOSEDPOWER\SUBSTATIONSAND POWER LINES
330kV
220kV
132kV
88kV
66kV
HYDRO POWERSTATION
SUBSTATION
DIESEL STATION
PROPOSEDHYDROPOWERSTATION
PROPOSEDSUBSTATION
PROPOSEDDIESEL STATION
CHONGWE
CHAVUMA
KABOMPO
MWINILUNGA
KANSANSHI
LUMWANA (Mine)
KAPUTA
NCHELENGE
CHAMA
KUNDABWIKA(101MW)
KABWELUME (62MW)
KAWAMBWATEA
MBERESHI
LUSIWASIEXTENSION(40MW)
KARIBA NORTHEXTENSION(600MW(750MW)
BATOKA GORGE(800MW)
DEVILS GORGE(800MW)
BWANAMKUBWA
ROMA
COV.
NAMPUNDWE
MAAMBAKATIMAMULILO
KABOMPO Gorge(34MW)
LuangwaBridge
Mkushi
MkushiFarm Block
Mkushi Central
Kawambwa Town
Chambasitu
SHANGOMBO
MUYOMBE
GENERATION SITES & TRANSMISSIONLINES IN ZAMBIA
ZESCO
MPATA GORGE
2424
VICTORIA FALLS - ZAMBIA
2525
KARIBA NORTH - ZAMBIA
2626
Chikata Falls : Site for a proposed Hydro-Power Station in North Western Part ofZAMBIA
MORE GENERATION SITES IN ZAMBIA
2727
2828
2929
3030
TECHNICAL ASPECTSTECHNICAL ASPECTSLARGE GENERATION SITESLARGE GENERATION SITES
• ECONOMY OF SCALE & BASE LOAD– Large generation units less expensive per KW as
fixed costs are spread over large kilowatts of capacity– Can be used for base load generation
• DAM SAFETY– Critical for large sites considering huge volumes of
water
• POWER SYSTEM STABILITY– Large generators provides better reactive capability
limits & hence contribute to system stability
3131
TECHNICAL ASPECTSTECHNICAL ASPECTSHV INTERCONNECTORSHV INTERCONNECTORS
• ECONOMICAL INTERCHANGE– Utility with surplus efficient generation can sell to those in deficit at lower
rates as compared to own generation
• DIVERSITY INTERCHANGE– Interconnections allow utility to exchange power when the times of peak
loads differ, also hydrology, generation types, seasons, etc
• POWER TRANSFER LIMITS OF TRANSMISSION LINES– Any transmission line has a definite limit to the power it can deliver.– Transmission lines from large generation sites may require uprating
3232
TECHNICAL ASPECTSTECHNICAL ASPECTSHV INTERCONNECTORSHV INTERCONNECTORS
Development of large generation sites will lead tomore HV interconnection which requires:� Coordinated planning� Coordinated operations� Close corporation between utilities through
power pools
3333
TECHNICAL ASPECTSTECHNICAL ASPECTSHV INTERCONNECTORSHV INTERCONNECTORS
• LINE INSULATION– High Voltage required to transfer huge amounts of power– High voltage lines will require high insulation levels which comes with
higher costs• SELECTION OF ECONOMICAL ROUTES
– Internationalised transmission lines may have to pass through othercountries necessitating way leave consents, environmental approvals,licensing, etc
– Line route selection to consider factors such as loads on route, linelength, etc
• NUMBER OF CIRCUITS– Minimum two circuits to enhance security of supply
• STANDARD VOLTAGES– Utilities could be using different standards in developing their systems
making it difficult for interconnection.
3434
TECHNICAL ASPECTSTECHNICAL ASPECTSHV INTERCONNECTORSHV INTERCONNECTORS
• MECHANICAL DESIGN OF THE LINES– Improved design of towers could lower costs
• RELIABILITY AND SAFETY OF LINE– Better insulation and gap clearances required– Better lightning protection
• JOINT POWER SYSTEM STUDIES– System studies will be necessary to ensure
the large power network performed well
3535
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSLARGE GENERATION SITESLARGE GENERATION SITES
� Ranking of hydropower projects according to theirenvironmental aspects- Will allow Africa to generate power from less
environmentally sensitive areas- Provides an opportunity to develop environmentally friendly
energy� Dams construction
� Helps in harvesting and conservation of water and assist inflood controls
� Supports wild life� Improves quality of life as fishing and sporting activities
benefits residents
3636
3737
3838
WILD ANIMALS AS TOURISTATTRACTION
BIRDS
3939
GIRAFFE
MIGHT VICTORIA FALLS
TRADITIONAL CEREMONY LION
4040
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSLARGE GENERATION SITESLARGE GENERATION SITES
� Fishery – Dam barriers will impair fish migration� Flora and Fauna will be affected� Displacement of people� Soils: Construction of access roads leads to soil
erosion� Loss of heritage sitesThese aspects can however be mitigated through
adequate compensation and resettlement ofpeople.
4141
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSHV INTERCONNECTORSHV INTERCONNECTORS
• Way leave acquisition a challenge• Vegetation removal to be minimized• Resettlement of communities may arise• Compensation quite costly• Opening up of closed conservation areas
such as forestry and game reserves• Displacement of habitat
4242
INVESTOR CONCERNSINVESTOR CONCERNS
• Power projects require large investment thatcan only be recouped over a long term 15 – 25years
• Investors are therefore concerned with– Political risks and armed conflicts– Financial risks– Exchange control regulations– Externalisation of funds issues– Exchange rates fluctuations
4343
ADDRESSING THE CONCERNSADDRESSING THE CONCERNS
• NEPAD would play a major role in addressingthe concerns raised by investors through– Promoting regional co-operation– Providing a common platform to facilitate
investments
4444
ROLE FOR NEPAD?ROLE FOR NEPAD?
• Assist in marketing the African continent and hence attractinvestors capable of financing the large and capital intensiveenergy projects.
• Large projects such as construction of power stations and HVinterconnectors may be not be financed by one country alone.
• NEPAD will provide a common platform to facilitate attractiveenvironment for investors.
• Assist countries raise finance for the projects• Support the African Standardisation Initiative through African
Standardisation Electrotechnitical Commission (AFSEC)
4545
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION• Internationalisation of large generation sites and high
voltage interconnectors is very important for Africa.• stimulate development and increase access to
electricity• pooling of resources and regional co-operation
essential• Technical and environmental aspects can be
managed through standardisation, careful selectionof projects and management thus reducing overallcosts and project implementation time.
• NEPAD is a catalyst to help achieve the objective oflighting up Africa at a lower cost
4646
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
top related