international conference coffee canephora at vitoria, es june 11 15 2012 by pranoto soenarto...
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STATE OF THE ART INNOVATION and
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER of CANEPHORA in THE
MAIN PRODUCTION COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
INDONESIA
By
Pranoto Soenarto
Association of Indonesian Coffee
Exporters And Industries (AEKI/AICE)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE COFFEE CANEPHORA
June 12, 2012, at Vitoria Convention Center, Vitoria - ES
Role of Coffee on the Indonesia Economics
Main source income for some 2 million farmer’s families in the remote areas
Share to GNP : 10,7 % to GNP Agriculture 0,57 % to GNP Non oil & gas 0,44 % to GNP in Total *Average of recent 5 years
The Progress of INDONESIAN Coffee
Indonesia the 3rd Biggest Coffee Producer in the WORLD
INDONESIAN COFFEE HISTORY
Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica)
Arabica coffee is a type of coffee plants that first entered
Indonesia in 1696
Arabica Coffee Plants damaged by flood.
New coffee Arabica seedlings arrived back to Indonesia in 1699.
The first Arabica coffee grown in the area around Jakarta and
West Java.
Arabica coffee Plantation then develop to other areas in
Indonesia.
For one century, Arabica coffee grown as farmer plantation
(small holders)
In the early 19th century , Arabica coffee plantation began to
develop large private estate in Central Java (Semarang & Kedu)
and in east java (Kediri & Malang) at the end 19th.
Arabica coffee grown in Indonesia for nearly 2 centuries
In 1876, arabica Coffee crops suffered a set back due to leaf rust
disease (Hemileia Vastatrix)
Arabica coffee crop was left only in the high area ( 1000 above
sea level)
Liberica Coffee (Coffea Liberica)
Arrived to Indonesia in 1875 to replace the Arabica Coffee
Plants that damaged due to leaf rust disease.
In fact, Liberica coffee also not resitant to leaf rust disease.
It was less preferred because too acidic.
Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora)
Entered to Indonesia in 1900
In fact, Robusta coffee have more advantages then arabica coffee
and liberica coffee, such as:
Relatively resistance to leaf rust disease.
More easily maintained
Require terms of robusta coffee grown are easier (400 – 800
meters from above sea level)
Production is much higher.
Expand throughout some region in Indonesia, until now.
ROBUSTA COFFEE DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
Robusta coffee plants growing in Indonesia especially in Sumatera island covering Lampung, Bengkulu, South Sumatera; Java island covering Central Java and East Java; Bali and South Celebes.
Year Area (acres) Production (Ton)
Estate Farmer total Estate Farmer Total
1959 47,291 208,877 256,168 18,998 65,281 84,279
1962 45,126 242,475 287,601 12,559 99,121 111,680
1965 40,356 259,694 300,050 91,457 91,457 182,914
1968 38,259 328,378 366,637 13,824 143,341 157,165
2010 48,674 1,219,802 1,268,476 28,677 655,399 684,076
From the Dutch Colonial Era until now, Robusta Coffee become export commodities.
Years Volume (Ton) Value (000 US $)
1959 38,943 18,883
1962 58,530 12,599
1965 108,286 31,637
1968 82,087 42,970
1969 104,000 49,800
2010 447,494 846,542
1. COFFEE PLANTATION
Last 5 years(2007–2011*): don’ t show any significant
progress
Arabica Coffee : average increase at 6,0%
Robusta Coffee : average decrease at 1,0%
A. Planted Area
Year 2011* = 1.308.000 hektar
Arabica = 296.854 hektar (22.70%)
Robusta = 1.011.146 hektar (77.30%)
* prakiraan/estimate
Sumatra
Kalimantan
Jawa Irian Jaya
Sulawesi
Bali
Distribution of Coffee Growing Areas in Indonesia
Robusta Coffee
Arabica Coffee
Tahun
Year
Areal, ha
(Area, ha)
Produksi, ton
(Production, ton)
Arabica Robusta Total Arabica Robusta Total
2007 228.931 1.058.478 1.287.409 124.098 549.088 673.186
2008 239.476 1.063.417 1.302.893 129.660 553.278 682.159
2009 281.398 984.839 1.266.237 147.631 534.961 682.938
2010 283.343 985.133 1.268.476 148.487 534.961 683.448
2011* 296.854 1.011.146 1.308.000 155.383 553.617 709.000
Tabel 1. Land Areas and Indonesia Coffee Production
Source : Ministry of Agriculture, 2011
B. Coffee Production
Arabica
2007 = 124.098 Metric Ton
increase 25.0% or 6,25% annualy
2011* = 155.383 Metric Ton
Robusta
2007 = 549.088 Metric Ton
increase 0.8% or 0,2% annually
2011* = 553.617 ton
* estimate/target
Indonesia Coffee Production 2007 = 673.186 Metric Ton increase 5,3% or 1,3% annually
2011* = 709.000 Metric Ton
Coffee Production in year 2010 and 2011 can’t fulfill the
Target due to CLIMATE CHANGE (global warming)
Coffee Production in year 2010 and 2011 are only
530.000 Metric Ton
In some area Farmers have already change coffee plant
with cacao plant and palm tree.
C. Coffee Producers
Small Holder (Farmers)
Mature area : 890.000 hectare
Production per year : 650.000 tones (92,0%)
Average of product per hectare : 730 kilogram/ha
Government
Mature area : 18.000 hectare
Production per year : 15.000 tones ( 4,0%)
Average of product per hectare : 833 kilogram/ha
Private
Mature area : 20.000 hectare
Production per year : 15.000 tones ( 4,0%)
Average of product per hectare : 750 kilogram/ha
Coffee Farmers in Indonesia :
Approximately 1.9 Million head
The average area own by farmers only 0.8 Hectar/Head
Education level average Elementary (SD) thru High School
(SMA)
Plantation Systems are very traditional way
In Marketing, they depend on loan shark and collector
Government Estate :
1 . PTP Nusantara IX, Central Java with total production
appoximately 1.000 Metric Ton/year on Robusta
2. PTP Nusantara XII, East Jawa with total production 8,000
Metric Ton/year on Arabica and 2,000 Metric Ton/year on
Robusta.
Private Estate :
1. Approximately 10 companies
2. It’s getting lesser since 1998 when crisis economy in
1998
3. Cooperative within Farmers or Paople who live around
forest with Department of Forestry
2. COFFEE EXPORT
Tabel. Indonesia Coffee Export
Year
Volume Tones
Value 000 US$
2005
424,276
579,754
2006
307,883
497,615
2007
312,084
622,606
2008
421,784
923,542
2009
505.381
803.564
2010
443.766
777.949
2011*
265.409
700.937
* Until August 2011
In year 2010 Indonesia coffee export volume decreased
12.5%, and country devisa income from coffee commodity
decreased 3.2% compare to year 2009.
In year 2011 Indonesia coffee export volume by end of year
will be approximately only 400.000 Metric Ton, but country
devisan income from coffee commodities will hit record high
at USD.1 Million (increased by 30%) compare to year 2010.
Percentage of Indonesia Coffee export, still dominated by:
* Robusta Coffee : 80%
* Arabica Coffee : 15% and the rest is
* Solubel coffee at: 5%
German, USA and Japan are still main destination for
Indonesia Coffee
(Tones, US D)
Year Arabica Robusta Others Total
Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value
2006
67,775
169,901
227,620
294,164
12,481
33,263
307,876
497,328
2007
50,952
141,926
247,852
425,332
13,279
55,343
312,083
622,601
2008
59,735
228,072
348,187
630,917
13,843
64,553
421,765
923,542
2009
62,854
172,909
434,430
608,304
8,098
22,351
505,382
803,564
2010
78,036
223,491
357,591
534,872
8,342
23,403
443,969
781,766
2011*
44,875
237,759
212,160
444,869
5,374
18,310
262,409
700,938
* Until August 2011
Tabel. Indonesia Coffee Export base on Coffee Type
No Country Volume Percentage
1 German 75,000 17.44
2 USA 68,000 15.81
3 Japan 51,000 11.86
4 Italy 26,000 6.05
5 Belgium 25,000 5.81
6 Algier 20,000 4.65
7 Philipine 15,000 3.49
8 Others 150,000 34.88
9 Total 430,000 100.00
Tabel. Average Indonesia Coffee Export at last 5 years
3. COFFEE CONSUMPTION
In year 2011 : 0,9 kg/capita/year
In year 2000 : 0,7 kg/capita/year
In year 1989 : 0,5 kg/capita/year
They have several factors which increase Coffee
Consumption in Indonesia:
Living Standard s are getting better
Coffee become favorite choice as refreshing drink which
will help to awake us..Its favor by young and old generation
,students, workers.
The ways to consume coffees easier and more varieties
The growth of finish product coffee industrial
Trend aand life style of people toward modern countries
The advance of Media Communication and Publication
4. Finish Products Coffee industrial
Downstream Industry of Coffee in Indonesia
2006 2007 2008 Number of Companies,in unit 77 77 79 Total Capacity in Ton 163,390 163,390 164,200 Real Production in Ton 133,459 137,215 141,450 (76 %) (78 %) (80 %) Export in Ton 12,006 14,096 15,506 Import in Ton 5,696 5,815 6,105 Labours (in force) 17,915 17,915 17,995 Sources: Industrial Dept. (2009)
COFFEE EXPANSION POLICY INDONESIA
1. Increasing Indonesia Coffee Production
A. Intensification Program
- For Arabica and Robusta Coffee
- Fertilizing:
o Robusta Coffee : Organic Fertilizer and NPK
o Arabica Coffee : Organic Fertilizer
- Replanting old trees with Better seed
- In force Good Agriculture Practices (GAP)
- Using friendly environment chemical to kill diseases
B. Extensification Program
- For Arabica Coffee
- Using lands above 1.000 m sea level
- Under shaded trees (under supervision department of
Forestry)
C. Goverment,Resaerch Insitute and Private Organization back up
- Government back up in funds
- Back up by ICCRI in readiness of BEST seeds
- Back up by Association and Private Institute
- Back up by Manufactures with their CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)
D. Targeting for Increasing Productions :
In 15 years time, we will double the productions up to 1.5
Million Metric Ton
2. Coffee Protection
- Registration of Speciality Coffee at Geografis Indication
- Speciality that have already had Geografis Indication :
Gayo Coffee
Bali Kintamani Coffee
- In Process for Geografis Indication :
Flores Coffee
Toraja Coffee
- In Indentification of Characteristics of Indonesian
Speciality Coffees thru out the countries side like
Luwak Coffee
Preanger Coffee and etc
INDONESIAN SPECIALITY
COFFEE
INDONESIA SPECIALITY COFFEE
WHICH HAVE BEEN KNOWN IN THE WORLD
- Mandheling Coffee
TASTE : Full body, neutral, Good acidity
Export Potential : 40,000 ton
Main Market : USA, Eropa dan Jepang
- Gayo Coffee
Taste : Full body, Good acidity
Export Potential : 80,000 ton
Main Market : USA, Eropa, Jepang
- Java Coffee
Taste : Fine Acidity, exotic flavour
Export Potential : 12,000 ton
Main Market : Jepang, USA, Eropa
- Toraja Coffee
Taste : Good acidity, smooth, nice mellow
Export Potential : 4,000 ton
Main Market : Jepang, USA, Eropa
FUTURE POTENTIAL NEW SPECIALITY COFFEES
- WEST JAVA : Preanger Coffee
Location : Bandung Municipal (Pangalengan)
Potential Production : 1,200 ton
- Bali : Kintamani Coffee, Bali Coffee
Location : Buleleng and Tabanan Municipal
Potential Production : 4,000 ton
- Lampung : Robusta Spesialti Coffee
Location : West Lampung
Potential Production : 2.000 ton
- Eastern Nusa Tenggara : Banjawa Coffee
Location : Banjawa Municipal
Potential Production : 2,000 ton
- Papua : Jaya Wijaya Coffee
Location : Manokwari Municipal
Potential Production : 700 ton
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