intergenerational solidarity in the eyes of czech and slovak youth
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Intergenerational Intergenerational solidarity in the eyes of solidarity in the eyes of Czech and Slovak youthCzech and Slovak youth
Jana Levická Jana Levická Zuzana TruhlářováZuzana Truhlářová
Riga, November 2012Riga, November 2012
Structure of the Structure of the presentationpresentation
AimsAims IIntergenerational solidarity ntergenerational solidarity Methodology Methodology
Research questionsResearch questions Sample Sample
Results Results Discussion Discussion
Aims Aims
Find out how the youth is perceiving Find out how the youth is perceiving the intergenerational solidaritythe intergenerational solidarity
Compare the attitudes of Czech and Compare the attitudes of Czech and Slovak youth Slovak youth
Introduction Introduction
Increased interest in the relationship Increased interest in the relationship between different age goups between different age goups
IInterpersonal relationships nterpersonal relationships as as a factor with a strong influence on a factor with a strong influence on the quality of life the quality of life
Intergenerational solidarity Intergenerational solidarity
„„Bonding between individuals of Bonding between individuals of different ages in multigenerational different ages in multigenerational family networks and among different family networks and among different age groups in the community.“ age groups in the community.“ (Bengston, 2012)(Bengston, 2012)
PPerceived to be a basic moral principle erceived to be a basic moral principle and one of the pillars of social policy and one of the pillars of social policy (Botek, 2009, Tomeš, 2010)(Botek, 2009, Tomeš, 2010)
Czech Czech RRepublic epublic and Slovak and Slovak RepublicRepublic
1. Janu1. Januaary 1993 – establishment of Czeh Republic ry 1993 – establishment of Czeh Republic and Slovak and Slovak RRepublic (epublic (as as separete countries)separete countries)
CzechCzech RepublicRepublic – more liberal; – more liberal; SlovakiaSlovakia – more – more traditional – is this present nowadays in young traditional – is this present nowadays in young peoplepeople’s attitudes?’s attitudes?
Methodology Methodology
Research questions:Research questions:
1.1. Are there any Are there any differencies in the differencies in the attitude towards seniorsattitude towards seniors depending ondepending on participant’s participant’s country country of originof origin? ?
2.2. Are there any Are there any differenciesdifferencies in in attitude towards seniorsattitude towards seniors depending on the participantdepending on the participant’s ’s sexsex??
MethodologyMethodology
Qantitavive design Qantitavive design QuestionnaireQuestionnaire SPSS 19 for WindowsSPSS 19 for Windows Mann-Whitney testMann-Whitney test
Sample Sample
730 high school students: 730 high school students: 369 from Slovakia369 from Slovakia 361 from Czech Republic361 from Czech Republic
Age: 15 – 20 years (M = 16,7; SD = Age: 15 – 20 years (M = 16,7; SD = 1,25)1,25)
Sex: 44,5% girls, 55,5% boysSex: 44,5% girls, 55,5% boys
Results - Differences according to COUNTRY Results - Differences according to COUNTRY
OF ORIGINOF ORIGIN:: SLOVAKSLOVAK youth more agree youth more agree
that: that: people should retire as people should retire as
soon as they reach soon as they reach retirement ageretirement age
the government should the government should create jobs for the young create jobs for the young and not employ retirees and not employ retirees
the pensions should be the pensions should be increasedincreased
seniors should help their seniors should help their adult children adult children
adult „children“ have the adult „children“ have the obligation to take care of obligation to take care of their parents their parents
CZECHCZECH youth more agree youth more agree that:that:
the retirement age the retirement age should be extended to should be extended to 70 years of age70 years of age
seniors do not need any seniors do not need any discounts on travelling, discounts on travelling, museum visits, etc.museum visits, etc.
their relationship with their relationship with their grandparents is their grandparents is better than the better than the relationship with their relationship with their own parentsown parents
Results - Differences Results - Differences according to SEX:according to SEX:
BOYSBOYS more agree that: more agree that: it is good when in one household do live it is good when in one household do live
more generationsmore generations retirement should be personretirement should be person’s ’s own own
decision (no age limit)decision (no age limit) the pensions should be increasedthe pensions should be increased the government should create jobs for the the government should create jobs for the
young and not employ retireesyoung and not employ retirees seniors do not need any discounts on seniors do not need any discounts on
travelling, museum visits, etc.travelling, museum visits, etc.
Results - Differences according Results - Differences according to SEX:to SEX:
GIRLSGIRLS more more likely claim that:likely claim that: they like to listen to the life stories of they like to listen to the life stories of
their grandparentstheir grandparents they like to spend their free time they like to spend their free time
with their grandparents with their grandparents
Discussion Discussion
The attitude towards seniors correspondates The attitude towards seniors correspondates with the social climate of with the social climate of respective respective countries, mainly with thecountries, mainly with the perception of perception of familyfamily in society in society
Slovak youth perceive seniors as an obstacle Slovak youth perceive seniors as an obstacle to their self-realization in the labor marketto their self-realization in the labor market
Communications of politicians - the Communications of politicians - the government of Slovakia still emphasizes its government of Slovakia still emphasizes its good deeds towards seniors, but the younger good deeds towards seniors, but the younger generation seems to remaine overlookedgeneration seems to remaine overlooked
Discussion Discussion
Slovak public is convinced that Slovak public is convinced that pensions are very low pensions are very low
Slovak society is more conservative – Slovak society is more conservative – obligation to take care as normative obligation to take care as normative solidarity solidarity
Conclusion Conclusion
IIt is impossible to reduce the attitude of t is impossible to reduce the attitude of young people to seniors to a matter young people to seniors to a matter touching merely different generationstouching merely different generations..
Future research:Future research: identification of factors identification of factors affecting the quality of relationships affecting the quality of relationships between generationsbetween generations to develop to develop strategies leading to strategies leading to
strengthening of strengthening of the the intergenerational intergenerational solidarity of youthsolidarity of youth
This paper has been written under the project ESF - 2.3 Development and maintenance of multidisciplinary scientific and research team for contemporary family studies at the University of Hradec Kralove.
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