intelligence (ai) artificial - semantic scholar · 2019. 6. 28. · “the ordinary human is...

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Jacob Correa and Farukh Sarkulov

Objectives

● Gain an understanding of the effects of AI○ Impact of Automation and AI on economy and society○ Effects on Human Life (Present/Future)

Definition of AI

Technology capable of processing information through computer systems

■ “that take information from the environment (perception), process it (cognition), and act or make decisions on the basis of its output (behavior).” (Johnston, 292)

The Future of AI and Automation

● Shift towards automation threatens not only low-skill labor but also affects high skill positions

● Greater automation will force people out of work → we could see a no-work economy in the future

● What does it mean to live in a workless society?● INCREASING INCOME INEQUALITY!

○ Greater automation creates smaller pool of people that benefit greatly economically → more capital being accrued by smaller groups of people

● UNIVERSAL BASIC INCOME○ Can it be a solution?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMIsbl3DIL8

Facts about Automation and UBI

There are over 300 million Americans today. Suppose UBI provided everyone with $10,000 a year. That would cost more than $3 trillion a year — and $30 trillion to $40 trillion over ten years. (Page 1)

- From: Greenstein, Bob. "Commentary: Universal basic income may sound attractive but, if it occurred, would likelier increase poverty than reduce it." Policy Futures (2016).

- From: Greenstein, Bob. "Commentary: Universal basic income may sound attractive but, if it occurred, would likelier increase poverty than reduce it." Policy Futures (2016).

AI’s Characteristics

● Present ○ Automation in the workforce○ Siri, Alexa, self-driving cars, etc.○ Human-Level AI (Murray)

● Future○ Smart Materials (Ploszajski) ○ Robotics (Sharkey) ○ Black-Box (Boden)○ Superintelligence AI (Murray)

https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikemacmarketing/30188200627

Future Implications

● Singularity Hypothesis: ○ “the ordinary human is removed from the loop, overtaken by artificially intelligent

machines or by cognitively enhanced biological intelligence and unable to keep pace” (Murray, xvii) ‘

■ + | - ● Transhumanism: use of technology to transcend the biological limitations of the human

body and its brain (Murray, 190)○ Cyborg idea

■ (Johnston)● Sophia:

○ 1st AI citizen in the world■ Saudi Arabia (2017)

○ "My AI is designed around human values like wisdom, kindness, and compassion," - Sophia

● (Stone)

Transhumanism

(Stone) (Chamorro)

Sophia

Future Implications

● Michalski, Jerry. "AI Is a Two-Edged Sword." LinkedIn SlideShare. May 20, 2017. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.slideshare.net/sociate/ai-is-a-twoedged-sword.

● Jobs always appear!● AI won’t be so bad ● Privacy is so 60s…

How can we prepare?● Social Beneficial Labor

○ labor will be focused on “love, caring for one another and learning how to be our brother’s keeper” all around the world.

■ Livingston, James. "What If Jobs Are Not the Solution but the Problem? – James Livingston | Aeon Essays." Aeon. April 24, 2019. https://aeon.co/essays/what-if-jobs-are-not-the-solution-but-the-problem. (Accessed April 25, 2019.)

● 2017 European Union (EU) - Gives AI ‘personhood’ status■ Hern, Alex. "Give Robots 'personhood' Status, EU Committee Argues." The Guardian.

January 12, 2017. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/12/give-robots-personhood-status-eu-committee-argues.

Cartoon Depiction of Future AI● Love, Death, & Robots (S1, E6) - When

the Yogurt Took Over● Pos. Future (10 yrs)● Neg. Future (1-2 yrs)

○ https://www.netflix.com/title/80174608

DISCLAIMER: Contains Graphic Images that May Make you Uncomfortable

Discussion

"They Took Our Jobs Guy - Robots They Took Our Jobs." Memegenerator.net. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://memegenerator.net/instance/62951399/they-took-our-jobs-guy-robots-they-took-our-jobs.

Work Cited

Al-Khalili, Jim. "What the Future Looks Like: Scientists Predict the Next Great Discoveries―and Reveal How Today's Breakthroughs Are Already Shaping Our World." Amazon. April 17, 2018. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.amazon.com/What-Future-Looks-Like-Discoveries_and/dp/1615194703.

- Boden, Margaret A., Artificial Intelligence (Al-Khalili, 122-132)- Anna Ploszajski: Smart materials(Al-Khalili, 146-155)- Noel Sharkey: Robotics(Al-Khalili, 178-188)

Stone, Zara. "Everything You Need To Know About Sophia, The World's First Robot Citizen." Forbes. June 14, 2018. https://www.forbes.com/sites/zarastone/2017/11/07/everything-you-need-to-know-about-sophia-the-worlds-first-robot-citizen/#61b5772a46fa. (Accessed April 25, 2019.)

Michalski, Jerry. "AI Is a Two-Edged Sword." LinkedIn SlideShare. May 20, 2017. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.slideshare.net/sociate/ai-is-a-twoedged-sword.

Hern, Alex. "Give Robots 'personhood' Status, EU Committee Argues." The Guardian. January 12, 2017. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/12/give-robots-personhood-status-eu-committee-argues.

Livingston, James. "What If Jobs Are Not the Solution but the Problem? – James Livingston | Aeon Essays." Aeon. April 24, 2019. https://aeon.co/essays/what-if-jobs-are-not-the-solution-but-the-problem. (Accessed April 25, 2019.)

Work Citedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMIsbl3DIL8

From: Greenstein, Bob. "Commentary: Universal basic income may sound attractive but, if it occurred, would likelier increase poverty than reduce it." Policy Futures (2016).

From: Greenstein, Bob. "Commentary: Universal basic income may sound attractive but, if it occurred, would likelier increase poverty than reduce it."

Policy Futures (2016).

Shanahan, Murray. The Technological Singularity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/depauw-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3433796. ProQuest Ebook Central.Accessed April 24, 2019.

Love, Death, & Robots. Directed by Tim Miller. Netflix. March 15, 2019. Accessed April 25, 2019. https://www.netflix.com/title/80174608. S1,E6 (When the Yogurt Took Over)

Johnston, John. The Allure of Machinic Life : Cybernetics, Artificial Life, and the New AI. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2010.. ProQuest Ebook Central. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/depauw-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3338928 Accessed April 24, 2019

"They Took Our Jobs Guy - Robots They Took Our Jobs." Memegenerator.net. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://memegenerator.net/instance/62951399/they-took-our-jobs-guy-robots-they-took-our-jobs.