institut für solare energieversorgungstechnik e.v. ways to...
Post on 18-Jun-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Ways to Handle the Integration of RE-powerinto the Grid
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Schmid
Feed-in Co-operation Spain - Germany
2nd Workshop, 15./16. Dec. 2005
ISETInstitut für SolareEnergieversorgungstechnikInstitute for Solar EnergySupply TechnologyKassel/Hanau, Germany
University of KasselDepartmentEfficient Energy Conversion
� The current global energy situation and future trends
� Decentral sources of renewable energies and combined heat and power
� Change of energy supply structures
� Integration of high shares of fluctuating energy sources
� World-wide hydro power potentials
� Vision for a sustainable electricity supply of Europe
� European research on future supply structures
Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik e.V.
Applications-oriented Research and Development
� Wind Energy� Photovoltaics� Use of Biomass� Energy Conversion and Storage� Hybrid Systems� Energy Economy� Information and Training
Executive Board: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Schmid Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Zacharias
Dr. rer. nat. Oliver FührerPersonnel: 75 EmployeesBudget: approxim. 8 Mio. EuroInformation: www.iset.uni-kassel.de
www.IRED-cluster.orgwww.dispower.org
Systems Technology for the Utilisation of RenewableEnergies and for the Decentralised Power Supply
Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
Growth rates for population, energy consumptionand CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
The Current Global Energy Situation and Future Trends Wind Energy Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
Sources: BTM consult, windpower monthly, IWR, ISET,BWE, WWEA
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
MW
0
6000
12000
18000
24000
30000
World
Europe
Germany
German wind energy production
GWh
Prof. Dr. J. SchmidDENA Grid Study
Source: DENA 2005 / DEWI Scenario
Forecast of Wind Energy Development in Germany until 2020
Prof. Dr. J. SchmidExperience Curve of Wind Energy
Scenario for Germany
Photovoltaics Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
Annual production in Mio. kWh
Installed capacity in MW
Growth 20 % p. a.
2010: 0,13 % of the power production of 20002020: 0,80 % of the power production of 2000
Prof. Dr. J. SchmidExperience Curve of Photovoltaics
Source: A. Alsema, Copernicus Institute
Combined Heat and Power Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
Today:Central power stationsDecentral heat production
In Future:Decentral combined heatand power
� 1/3 less consumption offossil sources of energy
100 % Oil / Gas
exchange of electrical energy
100 %powerstation
50 % electrical energy
50 % unusedwaste heat
50 % fossil fuel
Piston EnginesEfficiency:30 - 40 % electr.
Fuel CellsEfficiency:over 50 % electr.with reformer35 - 40 % electr.
Micro Gas TurbinesEfficiency:25 - 35 % electr.
Prof. Dr. J. SchmidCombined Heat and Power
Caused byTides and differenttemperatures due tothe solar radiation(e.g. Gulf stream orstrait of Gibraltar)
Cost of Energy6 - 10 Cent each kWh
Technical Potentialin Europe up to 15 %of the current powerconsumption of Germany
Developmentuntil 2008 firstcommercial parks
Source: Marine Current Turbines Ltd
Marine Currents
New Sources of Renewable Energies
Rotor-lager
Getriebe
Generator
Bremse
Prof. Dr. J. Schmid Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
coal nuclear hydro
highvoltage
grid
mediumvoltage
grid
Up to now
Central generation
Sizing for coverage of max. load
Time-invariant tariffs
Load rejection at customer
No information of grid status forcustomers
Strict power limits for feed-in
Large power reserves forunexpected loads or failure ofpower plants required
Only unidirectional controlrequired
Change of Energy Supply Structures
lowvoltage
grid
Change of Energy Supply Structures Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
In the future
Additional decentralisedgeneration
Load coverage by trading
Time-variable tariffs
Load and cost optimisation bymeans of dialog
Power reserves will be reducedby means of trade
Bidirectional communicationand large flow of information
Up to date information by meansof variable tariffs
Variable power limitationdepending on present load
wind farm
BZPVWind BZPV KWK
coal nuclear hydro gas and steam
Step 1:Online model calculates from fewmeasured wind farms the currentpower for all plants
Step 2:Prediction model calculates on the basisof the current power of all plants and theweather forecast the future wind powerfeed-in
Accuracy in the statistical averageover 90 % for the D+1 hours forecastover 96 % for the 4 hours forecast
Applications:E.ON-NetzVattenfall Europe TransmissionRWE Transportnetz Strom
EnBW Transportnetze(in preparation)
Forecast for the CurrentWind Power Feed-in
Wind Integration Tools
Wissenschaftliches Mess- undEvaluierungsprogramm (WMEP)zum Breitentest 250 MW Wind(1989-2006)
ISET measurement network210 Mio. 5-min. power mean valuesof 225 WTs
195 Mio. 5-min. mean valuesWind speed and directionof 180 sites
co-ordinates, altitude,technical data of all WTs in Germany
180.000 monthly energy reportsof 1500 WTs
Wind Integration Tools Wind Integration Tools
Online-monitoring andprediction of wind power
Representative wind farms(sub-stations) E.ON: 59 sites 1912 MW VE-T: 17 sites 499 MW RWE: 16 sites 446 MW
Wind integration tools� online calculation of wind generation� numerical weather prediction (DWD)� short- and medium-term prediction by use of ANN
Wind Integration Tools
wind generation – online, day-ahead forecast
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.1 19.1 20.1 21.1Day
Pow
er [M
W]
OnlineForecast D+1
New Demands on Integration
wind generation – online, day-ahead, 4hr, 2hr forecast
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.1 19.1 20.1 21.1Day
Pow
er [M
W]
OnlineForecast D+1Forecast 4HForecast 2H
Prof. Dr. J. SchmidReserve Power Demand
Source: D. Schlecht, RWTH Aachen
Prof. Dr. J. SchmidDENA Grid Study
Source: DENA 2005
Additional Reserve Power Demand - depending on installed windcapacity
New Options for Wind Power Control
Reserve power supply (500 MW)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
06.10.2003 07.10.2003 08.10.2003 09.10.2003 10.10.2003 Time
Pow
er [M
W]
Reserve PowerReduced Power
Active Filtering and Power-factor Compensation
Information network
power supply grid
Active power (P) Active power (P) + Reactive power compensation (cos ) + reduction of distorstions (THD)
Constant-speed converter:Wind energyHydro powerGenerator sets
P, cos , THD�P, cos , THDP, cos , THDP, cos , THDP �
Flywheel storage with bidirectional Converter
Battery storagewith bidirec-tional Converter
Variable-speed converter:Wind energyHydro powerGenerator setsMicro turbines
Direct converter:PhotovoltaicThermophoto-voltaicFuel cell
�
��
�
Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
Prof. Dr. J. SchmidOFGEM – Great Britain Grid Code Forum
Source: ENERCON
Prof. Dr. J. SchmidOFGEM Forum
Source: OFGEM / mational grid company
Grid codes – Fault Ride-Through and Frequency RangeRequirements
Prof. Dr. J. SchmidOFGEM – Great Britain Grid Code Forum
Source: ENERCON
Interface between MGLC and MGCC
u
u
0 1-1 QQN
-4%u
0
�
f
f 0
0 1-1
-1%
PP N
f�
Frequency droop Voltage droop
Approach:Set-values for droops of the MGLC are calculated (by enhanced SunnyIsland API) of set-values for P and Q provided by the MGCC. This way convenient EMS is enabled but incase of islanded operation primary control is still operable.
Inverters are controlled by droops (MGLC):
High Impedance Grid fault
Grid
IsolatedGrid
i_USV
i_Load
no transition!
Principally the suggested control mode also continuous operation even incase of a line interruption. A grid failure mostly results not in an inter-ruption but in a short-circuit and therefore motivates the developmentof a disconnection device!
Demand side management
•Load reductionP
tP
t
•Load switch-off
•Load displacementP
t•Load raiseP
t
Change of Energy Supply Structures
Amsterdam Power Exchange
11.03.04 14Matur ing Electr icity Market
How does the APX DAM work?How does the APX DAM work?PricePrice determinationdetermination onon spot spot marketmarket
Price
Quantity
SupplyDemand
clearing price
traded volume
Spot market: two-sided bidding auction as in most countries
�� Hourly day-aheadHourly day-aheadbidsbids
�� Physical deliveryPhysical delivery�� Central counterpartCentral counterpart�� Hourly equilibriumHourly equilibrium
price (Euro/price (Euro/MWhMWh))�� Hourly volumes /Hourly volumes /
prices areprices arepublishedpublished
Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
Source: P. Boonekamp
Security of Supply Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
Source: Rob Pratt
Security of Supply
Storage Hydro Power in Europe:Rated Power, Storage Capacity and Annual Energy Production
G. Czisch, J. Schmid, 05/11/22
Data of UCTE 1998
Rated Power of Reservoir and mixed
pumped Storage
Storage Capacity of Reservoir and mixed
pumped Storage
Annual Energy Prod. of Reservoir and mixed
pumped Storage
[GW] [TWh] [TWh]
Slovenia/Croatia 1,4 1,8 ?Swizerland 8,2 8,4 18,0Serbia and Montenegro 2,0 2,0 ?Portugal 2,1 2,6 4,2Austria 5,6 3,2 7,0Luxemburg 0,0 0,0 0,0Italy 7,5 7,9 17,6Greece 1,9 2,4 2,8France 11,6 9,8 18,2Germany 1,4 0,3 1,1Belgium 0,0 0,0 0,0Spain 7,7 18,4 16,7
Sum of UCTE 49 57 86Data of
NORDEL
Norway 27,3 84,1 112,6Finland 2,9 4,9 12,6Sweden 16,2 33,7 63,6
Sum of NORDEL 46 123 189Sum of
NORDEL + UCTE 96 180 275
1 Month Consumption
>
Potential Common Electricity System
G. Czisch, J. Schmid, 05/11/22
Population1.1 billion Inhabitants
Electricity Consumption4000 TWh/a
Largest Distance8000 km
Northwest-Siberia�
South-Mauritania
HVDC-System
Annual Electricity Production by Type with CollectiveDemand, Transport, Surplus and Costs of Electricity
G. Czisch, J. Schmid, 05/11/22
Base Scenario: Today's Costs for all Components
not allowed
4.6 €ct/kWh
5.5 5.5 €€ctct/kWh/kWh4.6 €ct/kWh
-1
11
23
Biom
ass
Fuel
Cel
l
Ener
gy Tow
es
Fusio
n
Geoth
erm
al
Com
bine
d Cy
cle
Sola
r The
rmal
Phot
ovol
taics
Hydro
power
Win
dpow
er
Tota
l Pro
ducti
on
Tota
l Tra
nspo
rt
Tran
spor
t Los
ses
Pum
p St
orag
e
Surp
lus P
rodu
ction
Tota
l Con
sum
ption
Deman
d M
anage
men
t
Cost
s o
f El
ect
rici
ty [
€ct/
kW
h]
-250
1250
2750
4250
5750
An
nu
al
Pro
du
ctio
n [
TWh
]
Annual Production by Type etc.Mean Costs of Electricity
Costs of Electricity: Produced within Region DK-DCosts of Electricity DK-D: Import Costs included (external surplus not included)
Costs of Electricity by Type
Cluster of R&D projectsand experts for theIntegration ofRenewable EnergySources (RES) andDistributed EnergyResources (DER)into the EuropeanElectricity Grid
www.IRED-cluster.org
37 Partners of11 EuropeanCountries:
Power utilities
Industry and servicecompanies
Research centers anduniversities
• ISET
• Armines
• CENERG
• GhK• Uni Lodz
• Uni Duisburg
• FhG ISE
• Arsenal
• Uni Genova
• ICCS / NTUA• CRES
ECN •
• ICSTMUni Strathclyde •
UMIST • KU Leuven •
•
•
• EDF • CESI
• MVV Energie
• SWK• Verbundplan
Iberdrola Redes
Iberdrola Generation
• EHN Labein
• Alstom T&D
• Vergnet
• DuTrain
• SMA
• EMD
• Kirsch
APX •
• Econnect
The MeT Office • Cogen •
Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
Distributed Generation withHigh Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources
EU Project DISPOWER
Distributed Generation withHigh Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources
Main Objectives:
� Grid Stability and SystemControl
� Safety and Quality Standards
� Power Quality Improvementsand Requirements
� Management Systems forLocal Grids
� Planning Tools
� Information and CommunicationTechnologies, Energy Tradingand Load Management
� Contract and Tariff Issues
� Internet Based InformationSystems
� Dissemination andImplementation
Prof. Dr. J. SchmidEU Project DISPOWER
Electronic service: intelligence in network and energy management
�����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
� � �� �� �� ��
������������
A “Society” of Intelligent Devices
� Through networked microprocessors, devicescan 'talk to', 'negotiate', 'make decisions', and'cooperate' with each other.
� Exploit this for large-scale agent-basede-services
� Application examples: (peak) load management,smart building control, comfort management, a.o.
CRISPDistributed Intelligence in Critical Infrastructures for Sustainable Power ������������������ MICROGRIDS
Large Scale Integration of Micro-Generation to Low Voltage Grids
Objectives
• Increase penetration of RES and other micro-sources
• Study the operation of MicroGrids in parallel with the mainsand in islanding conditions
• Define, develop and demonstrate control strategies for MicroGrids
• Define appropriate protection and grounding policies that willassure safety of operation
• Identify the needs and develop the telecommunicationinfrastructures and communication protocols required
• Determine the economic benefits and to propose systematicmethods and tools
Main objective:
Development of policy and regulatory roadmapsfor the transition to an electricity market andnetwork structure thatcreates a level playing field between centralised anddecentralised generation and network development,andthe integration of renewable energy sources, within theframework of the liberalisation of the EU electricity market.
The SUSTELNET project
Primary Objective:To advocate the concept of Distributed Generation +Renewables Integration and committed to theadvance of its use in Europe by:
Primary Objective:To advocate the concept of Distributed Generation +Renewables Integration and committed to theadvance of its use in Europe by:
European Network for Integration of Renewables andDistributed GenerationENIRDGENIRDG
netnet
� Making stakeholders aware of the increasingefficiency and sustainability of RES+ DG newtechnologies when compared with conventionalcentral generation stations
� Removing technical, business practice,regulatory, and cost related interconnectionbarriers to the grids
� New electricity grids acceptance of intermittentRES+DG without risk in quality and safety
� Review of all possiblestorage technologies
� Comparison and assesmentof the most relevant features
� Allocation of technologiesfor different applications
� Transfer of results fromresearch projects todevelopers and potentialusers
� Promotion of the colaborationand of the exchange betweenEU-Projects
� Encouragement of theformation of new RTDpartnerships
� Identification ofpriorities for 5 to10 years RTDroadmap
Energy Storage Technologies for Renewable Energy Systems
Objectives
EU-Network INVESTIRE
C E N T R O T E C N O L O G I C O
Main Goal
Improvement of stability and quality of supplyof distribution networks, by means ofpower electronic equipment
Quality level with seven DGstandard-compliantgenerators
MinimumacceptableQuality
DGFACTSDGFACTS
Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
Source: European Commission DG Research
Technology Platform “Electricity Networks of the Future” Thank you for your attention! Prof. Dr. J. Schmid
Applications-oriented Research and Development� Wind Energy� Photovoltaics� Use of Biomass� Energy Conversion and Storage� Hybrid Systems� Energy Economy� Information and Training
Systems Technology for the Utilisation of RenewableEnergies and for the Decentral Power Supply
Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik e.V.
More informations on:www.iset.uni-kassel.dewww.IRED-cluster.orgwww.dispower.org
top related