implementation of anaerobic digestion in industry organic...

Implementation of Anaerobic Digestion in

Industry Organic Wastewater Treatment

OU, XunminSchool of Pubic Policy & Management, Tsinghua University

Beijing 100084, the People’s Republic of China

0. Index

• 1. From the dinosaur to methane • 2. Biogas • 3. AD’s introduction• 4. AD in the world• 5. IOW resources in China• 6. AD’s application of IOW in China• 7. Potential CDM project

1. The dinosaur’s extinguishing

• Dominant in the world!!!• Why Extinguishing ?

1. The dinosaur’s extinguishing• Their odors gas broken wind • Methane is a kind of gas and

CH4 is its structural formula

CH4

CH4

1. The dinosaur’s extinguishing

• Methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG).According to authorities, the 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane is estimated to be 21times greater than the same mass of carbon dioxide.

• The need to control biogas and landfill gas emissions has been the topic of much recent international environmental discussion.

2. Biogas

• a mixture of methane (60%) and carbon dioxide.

• very little excess sludge is produced. Biogas is formed solely through the activity of bacteria.

• During the burning, 1 M3 biogas can produce 23000KJ that is approximately equal to 1kg coal’s.

3. AD’s introduction

• THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION Aerobic digestion

Anaerobic digestion

sludgesludge

Organic material

+ Oxygen

Organic material

3. AD’s introduction

• WHY AEROBIC DIGESTION?

• Benefits!

– WASTE TREATMENT BENEFITS– ENERGY BENEFITS– ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS– ECONOMIC BENEFITS

3. AD’s introduction

•WASTE TREATMENT BENEFITS• Natural waste treatment process• Requires less land than aerobic

composting or landfilling• Reduces disposed waste volume and

weight to be landfilled

3. AD’s introduction

ENERGY BENEFITS• Net energy producing process• Generate high quality renewable fuel• Biogas proven in numerous end-use

applications

3. AD’s introduction

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS• Significantly reduces carbon dioxide

and methane emissions• Eliminates odours• Produces a sanitised compost and

nutrient-rich liquid fertilizer • Maximises recycling benefits

3. AD’s introduction

ECONOMIC BENEFITSAD is more cost-effective than

other treatment options from a life-cycle perspective

4. AD Plant in the world

Number• 125 AD plants operating • further 35 under construction • The total annual installed capacity is more

than 5 million tones. • This has the potential to generate 600 MW

of electricity. A considerable number of AD plants are also being planned.

4. AD Plant in the world

Feedstock• SEWAGE SLUDGE• AGRICULTURAL WASTES• MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES• INDUSTRIAL WASTES

4. AD Plant in the world

Sector Percentage %

Food 40

Brewery and soft drinks

25

Distillery 12

Pulp and paper 9

Chemicals 7

Various 7

4. AD Plant in the worldEquipment Percentag

e %

UASB 60

CSTR 10

EGSB 10

Anaerobic filter

8

Lagoon 8

Hybrid 4

RuidisedBed

4

5. IOW resources in China

Total volume of industrial wastewater discharged

19.420 billion tons

COD content 7.045 million tons

BOD content 5.20 million tons

Volume to be treated by AD 2.2 billion M3

Biogas from the AD 6.0 billion M3 annually

Energy from the biogas TCE 4.284 million annually

According to the official report

5. IOW resources in China

Present• In 1998, there were over 200 projects for

animal manure and 450 projects for IOW. The biogas outputs of these projects are 0.32 and 0.06 billion M3.

5. IOW resources in China

• 2000-2015 national environmental protection fifth plan:• COD will be reduced by 10%.• Main organic pollution industry:

– In food processing light industry, the discharged volume will be reduced by 10%.

– In papermaking and paper products industry, the discharged volume will be reduced by 11%.

• The goal of the EP produces a broad perspective for the development of the AD engineering, especially in OIWT.

5. IOW resources in China

• In the plan:• To deploy the good skilled-experience of

the biogas engineering construction• To improve the R&D, process technology

level • To enforce the capability of the automatic

controlling• In 2015 and in the whole country 2500

middle- and large-size biogas-engineering projects will be existed for treatment and utilization of the OIW, with the capability of 4 billion m3 biogas annually.

5. IOW resources in China• Definition:middle- and large-size biogas-

engineering project’s volume is at and above 100 m3.

• Here, For each project:• Volume: 1500 m3，

• Ratio of Volume to biogas: 3 m3/ m3.d, • Biogas produced: annual 1.60 million m3

• The energy of biogas 0.714tce/1,000 m3

(calculating with the biogas thermal capability of 21MJ/ m3)

• Coal to be substituted by biogas 8.57kgce/ m3

(efficiency can be up 20%)

6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China

biogas capacity of OIW biogas project （billion m3）

Year 2005 2010 2015

Amount 1.28 2.40 4.00

6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China

Energy benefit---1, 000 m3 industrial biogas =71.4TCE(from the heat content) or =8.57TCE(from the heat produced)

Energy benefit of OIW biogas project

2005

Project Coal equilibrium

Number Billion m3

Million TCE

800 1.28 1.097

6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China

2010

Project Coal equilibrium

Number Billion m3 Million TCE

1500 2.4 2.0568

2015

Project Coal equilibrium

Number Billion m3 Million TCE

2500 4.0 3.428

6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China

Economic merits (billion RMB)2005 2010 2015

Biogas of the project 0.998 1.872 3.12

Manufacture, Construction, I/M

0.650 0.91 1.30

Total 1.648 2.782 4.42

6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China

Employment Opportunity (person)

2005 2010 2015

Biogas of the project 1 9 8 02

3 7 1 43

6 1 9 05

Manufacture, Construction, I/M

1 3 7 87

1 9 3 01

2 7 5 73

Total 3 3 5 89

5 6 4 44

8 9 4 78

6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China

Environmental benefit

year 2005 2010 2015

CO2 reduction（1,000 t－c）

98.7 185.0 308.5

SO2，NOX，soot reduction（1,000 t）

53.7 100.8 168.0

6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China

Projection of above commercial plan（2015 yr）

Direct energy benefit

Direct

economic benefit

Environmental benefit Employment Opportunity

CO2reduction

SO2，NOX，soot

IOW biogas project

3 . 4 2 8 billion TCE

4.420 billion RMB

308,000 t－c

168,000 t 89478 person

6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China

Funding this commercial plan is a barrier

Funding requirement （billion RMB）

2005 2010 2 0 15

Total

Project 2.5 3.5 5.0 11.0

Capability of operation and construction

0.087

0.116

0.145

0.348

Total 2.587

3.616

5.145

11.348

7. Potential CDM project

• Environmental benefit locally and globally: CO2 and CH4’s reduction

• Sustainable development in China• Fund and technology’s inputting from

developed countries