identifying and serving english language learnersenglish...

Identifying and Serving English Language LearnersEnglish Language Learners

with Special Needs:Part IPart I

Presented by:Lynore M. Carnuccio

WIDA Consortium

Learning Outcomes

Following these presentations participants will be able to:Following these presentations, participants will be able to:

• Accurately identify English Language Learners (ELL) with y y g g g ( )special needs

• Develop appropriate standards-based and legally sufficient t th d f ELL ith i l dprograms to serve the needs of ELL with special needs

• Apply the RTI (Response to Intervention) Model to ELL with special needsspec a eeds

• Develop and participate in collaborative teams to address the needs of students identified as ELL with special needs

2Identifying and Serving ELLs with Special Needs: Part IWIDA Consortium / CAL / Metritech

Who are ELLs?

English language learners are students who have a first lang age other thanlanguage other than English, are in the process of acquiringprocess of acquiring English, and are not yet able to profit fully from p yEnglish-only instruction.

What is a disability?

A disability is defined as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits onesubstantially limits one or more major life activities, such asactivities, such as performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking and working.

Disability – Supreme Court

Examples of Disabilities

Some examples of disabilities include:

AutismDeafnessDeafnessBlindnessMental retardationMental retardationOrthopedic impairmentCommunication disorders such as stuttering, impaired articulation or a voice impairment which adversely affects educational performance

Note that…

even though it may be hindering the student’s academic progress,the inability to understand, speak, read and write English p , gshould not be considered a disability

Not speaking English is not a disability

Background InformationBackground InformationBackground InformationBackground Information

Review of Collier’s Presentation

In Between

English Language Learners areEnglish Language Learners areEnglish Language Learners are English Language Learners are functioning between 2 distinct functioning between 2 distinct l d lt Fl d lt Flanguages and cultures. For languages and cultures. For

families, this may continue for 2 or families, this may continue for 2 or yy3 generations and impact 3 generations and impact

adjustment to the new languageadjustment to the new languageadjustment to the new language adjustment to the new language and new cultural environment.and new cultural environment.

Nature v. Nurture

Nature v. Nurture cont’d

Culture Shock

Acculturation Process Side Effects

Heightened anxietyConfusion in locus controlConfusion in locus controlWithdrawalSilence/unresponsivenessSilence/unresponsivenessResponse fatigueCode switchingCode switchingDistractibilityR i t t hResistance to changeDisorientation

Stress related behaviors

Child Study Team

Activity: CST Members

Find the Handout labeled ChildFind the Handout labeled Child Study Team Members.

List the members of the ChildList the members of the Child Study Team in your site/district by both title and name.

Child Study Team cont’d

Who is missing ?

Instructional Intervention Team

So, what about…

Prevention and Intervention?Prevention and Intervention?

How can inappropriate referrals of ESL students be avoided?of ESL students be avoided?

Documentation of pre-referral interventions is a required t f th i l d ti l tipart of the special education evaluation process

Many schools have developed problem solving teams (M-teams, Building Teams, etc.)(M teams, Building Teams, etc.)When interventions suggested by such teams are successful, a referral to special education may no longer bbe necessaryIt is important that ESL teachers are part of these teams in order to bring their knowledge and skills to thein order to bring their knowledge and skills to the problem-solving process

This knowledge includes:

Awareness of the second language acquisition processAppropriate instructional strategies for ESL studentsSSensitivity to cultural diversity Sensitivity to child-rearing practices in immigrant f ili th t b diff t f th U Sfamilies that may be different from the U.S.The importance of native language support

Classroom Behavior & Performance

Samuel Ortiz, 1998

Characteristics of Positive School Climates for ELLs

Shared knowledge among teachers about the d ti f ELLeducation of ELLs

Respect for linguistic and cultural diversity of studentsstudentsEffective and collaborative school, home and community relationshipsy pAcademically rich programs High expectations for all studentsgChallenging curriculumOngoing systemic evaluation of student’s linguistic

and academic progress

What about effective instruction?

Instruction in the native language and in EnglishTapping into students’ prior knowledgeCulturally relevant curriculumM i f l d t d d b d lMeaningful and standards-based language use across the curriculum at student’s instructional levelThematic instructione at c st uct oIndividual guidance and supportScaffolding & differentiationInteractive discourseCollaborative learning

(Artiles & Ortiz, 2002)

Samuel Ortiz, 1998

What if some ELLs still struggle?

One-on-one tutoringgCross-age tutoringR di lRemedial programsStudent and family support groupsStude t a d a y suppo t g oupsFamily counseling

Some students may still struggle…

Assess school and classesReview data regarding level of language proficiencyReview data regarding instructionReview data regarding interventionsDevelop additional interventions if appropriateImplement recommendation(s) and monitor p ( )progressIf problems persist, recommend a comprehensive

individual assessment

Issues of ELLs in Special Education

OverrepresentationSize of ELL population/ProportionalityAvailability of language support programsGrade levelLimited proficiency

UnderrepresentationSubjectivity in classification of student in highSubjectivity in classification of student in high incidence disability categoriesVariability in state practices

Lack of resources and staff

Consequences

OverrepresentationLowered expectations for performanceReduced potential for academic, social, and economic ad ancementadvancement

Under representationUnder representationLack of special services to which students are legally entitledLack of services that could help students reach their potential

Consequences

For districts…Civil and administrative sanctions and penalties

F t d tFor students…irreparable harm (Rice & Ortiz, 1994)

RTI Model

Three Phase ModelPhase/Tier 1: Determine whether effective instruction is in place for subgroups of students (e g ELL)(e.g., ELL)Phase/Tier 2: Provide effective instruction to the target student/s and measure its effect on gstudent performancePhase/Tier 3: Refer students whose RTI warrants additional or intensive continuing interventionsadditional or intensive continuing interventions

Stated Potential Benefits: “Increased fairness in the assessment process, particularly for minority students”

(Kovaleski & Prasse, 2004)

Assessment Considerations

Multidisciplinary teams must assure that the student’s diffi lti th lt f di bilit d NOT l k fdifficulties are the result of a disability and NOT a lack of appropriate instruction or second language acquisition.Assessment procedures must be valid.Assessment procedures must be valid.Administered in the language and form most likely to yield accurate academic developmental and function i f i l i f ibl idinformation; unless is not feasible to so provide or administer.Information to parents must be provided to the extentInformation to parents must be provided to the extent possible, in their preferred mode of communication.

(Rohena, 2005)

A fair, non-biased psychological evaluation of an ESL student is best done by a certified school psychologist who is competent in the language and c lt re of the st dentculture of the student.

If thi i t ibl th h l i t h ld bIf this is not possible, the psychologist should be assisted by a translator who is familiar with the student’s native language and culturestudent s native language and culture.

Assessment Bottom Line

There is no perfect tool out there…p

The key is in the analysis and contextualization of the resultscontextualization of the results

More than just a single test…

In addition to the general education teacher, have others (ESL teachers, specialists, family) noted similar difficulties?Does the problem exist across contexts?Does the problem exist across contexts?Are the problems evident in the student’s first language?language?Is the student’s acquisition of English different to that of peers who started about the same level of ELP and had similar instruction?Can some difficulties be explained by cross-cultural diff ?

differences?

Are there other variables, e.g. inconsistent school attendance, language variations typical of ELLs?attendance, language variations typical of ELLs?Is there evidence of extreme test anxiety?Were there procedural mistakes in the assessment pprocess?Can problematic behaviors be explained by bias in operation before, during or after the assessment?Do data show that the student did not respond to general education interventions?general education interventions?Are the assessment results consistent with the concerns of the general education teacher and

concerns of the general education teacher and parents?

If all of the appropriate steps haveIf all of the appropriate steps have been taken, including linguistic

d lt l id ti dand cultural considerations, and the final determination moves to

Tier 3……..

Planning for Instruction:Program Considerationsg

The IEP must include:A statement of the child’s present levels of academic achievement and functional performance.Measurable annual goalsMeasurable annual goals.Description of how progress toward goals will be measured and how progress will be reported.Statement of services provided based on peer-reviewed research to the extent practicable.St t t f i t d ti tStatement of appropriate accommodations necessary to measure academic achievement and functional performance.

Important

Once an ESL student has been placed in a special education program, it is important to note that boththe bilingual education/ESL program and the special ed cation department in the school districtspecial education department in the school district are jointly responsible for the ESL student’s progress Both sources of supplementary fundingprogress. Both sources of supplementary funding are applied to the student’s educational program.

Remember

It is more difficult to remediate a disability if instruction is provideddisability if instruction is provided in the student’s weaker language. g g

(Rohano, 2005; Artiles & Ortiz, 2002)

$64,000.00 Question

Is it possible an ELL who has been pproperly identified as Learning

Disabled will never exit the ESLDisabled will never exit the ESL Program?

Answer

In the case of a severely LD student, the answer is yes. However, a moreyes. However, a more sound approach would be for the Team to developfor the Team to develop appropriate exit criteria for th ELL t f ththe ELL as part of the initial process.

Therefore…

Whenever possible, native language p , g gsupport should be provided by teachers paraprofessionals and tutorsteachers, paraprofessionals and tutors.

Having a disability does not mean that the ESL student forfeits the right tothe ESL student forfeits the right to bilingual education or ESL services.

Questions or Comments?

For more information, please contact the WIDA Help Desk:WIDA Help Desk:

1-866-276-7735 or help@wida.us

World Class Instructional Design and Assessment, www.wida.us

Center for Applied Linguistics, www.cal.org

Metritech, Inc., www.metritech.com

f i l d l t t ti d il bl thprofessional development presentation made available on the ESLPortalPA website is for personal, non-profit educational and non-commercial use only and shall not be copied, modified or redistributed without prior written authorization from WIDA. WIDA and the WIDA pConsortium logo are registered trademarks of the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. For more information on the WIDA Consortium visit the WIDA website at www.wida.us/

identifying and serving english language learnersenglish...

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