icn deicing operations analysis

ICN Deicing Operations Analysis

Zhifan Zhu(SGT for NASA Ames)

Yeonju Eun(Korea Aerospace Research Institute)

3rd Joint Workshop for KAIA/KARI-NASA ATM Research CollaborationNASA Ames Research Center

October 24-26, 2016

Motivations

• Understand and characterize deicing operations and impacts in Incheon International Airport

• Develop a deicing modeling capability (in SOSS fast time simulation environment)

Outline

• ICN deicing operations concept• Deicing operation data analysis• Summary and next steps

Definitions

• Deicing -- A procedure to remove frost, ice, slush, or snow from aircraft

• Anti-icing -- A procedure to provide protection against the formation of frost or ice and accumulation of snow or slush on aircraft surface

References: FAA (AC120-60B), Association of European Airlines (Recommendations for De-Icing/Anti-Icing of Aircraft on the Ground, 23rd Edition)

Deicing Zones & Pads

33L

33R

34

16

15R15L

Cargo 2

Cargo 1

Terminal

Concourse

Deicing Zones & Pads

33L

33R

34

16

15R15L

Cargo 2

Cargo 1

Terminal

Concourse

Deicing Zones & Pads

33L

33R

34

16

15R15L

North Zones

M

A

D

D

AA

M

South Zones

Cargo 2

Cargo 1

Terminal

Concourse

Deicing Zones & Pads

33L

33R

34

16

15R15L

North Zones

M

A

D

D

AA

M

South Zones

Cargo 2

Cargo 1

Terminal

Concourse

Deicing Zones & Pads

33L

33R

34

16

15R15L

North Zones

M

A

D

D

AA

M

South Zones

Number of Pads:

A South: 5A North: 5M South: 4M North: 3D South: 2D North: 2

Cargo 2

Cargo 1

Terminal

Concourse

Deicing Operators

1. Korean Airport Service (KAS)M

A

D

D

AA

M

2. Asiana Airport (AA)

3. Sharp Aviation Korea4. Swissport Korea5. Bang-bo

Stakeholders

Stakeholder Responsibilities & ConcernsIIAC (airport) Prepare deicing zones and pads, acknowledge Ice

Phase by ATIS

Flight operator Inspect aircraft at gate for advise deicing operation to pilot

Deicing position (Incheon De-icing) Assign deicing zone, control aircraft taxi in and out of deicing facility

Ramp control (Incheon Ramp) Issue push back clearance

Pilot Call Deicing Position with deicing request, taxi to deicing facility

Airline Manage boarding, inform passengers of delay

Deicing operator (ground handler) Provide deicing services (remove frost, ice or snow and apply anti-icing fluid)

Incheon Delivery (ATC) Departure clearance after deicing

Ground and local control Departure clearance and taxiway and runway crossing control

Preparation & Decision Makings

• Prepare for deicing requests & operations• Decide deicing need• Assign deicing facility

Preparation & Decision Makings

• Prepare for deicing requests & operations– Check deicing facility condition and readiness– Check deicing operators readiness and capacity– Prepare to add Deicing Position at ramp control– Prepare deicing delay information sharing

• Decide deicing need• Assign deicing facility

Preparation & Decision Makings

• Prepare for deicing requests & operations• Decide deicing need– Inspect aircraft for deicing request– Notify pilot of the request

• Assign deicing facility

Preparation & Decision Makings

• Prepare for deicing requests & operations• Decide deicing need• Assign deicing facility– Service contract between airline and service

operator– Deicing facility load– Taxi distance to deicing zone and to departure

runway

Operation Concept

Pilot

Flight Operator

Incheon De-icing

Inspect for deicing

Incheon Delivery

Receive deicing request

Prepare push back

Notify DP of deicing

Assign deicing zone

Call for push back

Taxi to deicing zone

Deicing Operator

Incheon Ramp

Clear push back

Operation Concept, Cont’d

Pilot

Flight Operator

Incheon De-icing

Incheon Delivery

Call to enter deicing zone

Clear to enter deicing zone

Call for ATC departure clearance

Deicing Operator

Deice

ATC departure clearance

Call to exit deicing zone

Clear to exitdeicing zone

Taxi to next TCP for departure

Incheon Ramp

Deicing Data Analysis

• Data source– Reports– Tracks

• Metrics– Deicing days– Zone distribution– Queue length– Deicing stage times

Data Source

• Three-month surface operation data from Dec 2015 to Feb 2016

• Total 40,792 departures and 40,833 arrivals– 65,841/15,784 North/South Flow departures – Average daily flights ~450 (departure or arrival)

• Each flight record consists of– Reported data from FIMS (Flight Information

Management System)– Track positions from ASDE-X

Monthly Deicing Days

Dec 2015 Jan 2016 Feb 20160

5

10

15

20

25

Day

s

Deicing Days

2122

20

35

3

Minimum 25 deicing operations

Top Ten Daily Deicing Operations

12/3/15 1/26/16 1/14/16 2/28/16 1/13/16 2/16/16 1/15/16 2/15/16 1/23/16 12/22/150

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Coun

ts

Deicing OpsTotal Departures

Top Ten Deicing Days

190/433 (40%)

31/429

Airport Departure Throughputs

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24Hours

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450Fl

ight

Cou

ntAccumulative Departure Count

Dec 3, 2015 Top Deicing DayDec 10, 2015 No Deicing

Comparison of departurethroughput rate shows reduced departure rate between 0900 to 1800

Taxi Out Times Taxi Out Times Comparison

0 20 40 60 80 100Minutes

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12Pr

obab

ility

Dec 10, 2015, No DeicingDec 3, 2015, Deicing

Long taxi out times of deicing flights impact throughput

Top Ten Deicing DaysTop Ten Daily Deicing Operations

12/3/15 1/26/16 1/14/16 2/28/16 1/13/16 2/16/16 1/15/16 2/15/16 1/23/16 12/22/15Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Cou

nts

A NorthA SouthD NorthD SouthM NorthM South

A North, A South, M South areHeavily used in heavy deicing days

Zone Usages

A South 38%

M South 28%

A North 22%

M North 5%

D South 6%D North < 1%

Korean Airport Service

Asiana Airport

38%

28%

22%

5%6%

A South A North

M South

M NorthD SouthD North < 1%

Departure Taxi Tracks

Cargo flightscross runways

South flow departures

Map data: Google, SK telecom

Zone Use – Ramp Area DistributionDeicing Zone - Ramp Area Distributions

A South M South D South A North M NorthZones

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Deici

ng O

ps

TerminalConcourseCargo 1Cargo 2

Zone – Flow Distribution

Zones - Flows Distributions

South Zones - North Flow 56%

North Zones - South Flow 14%

South Zones - South Flow 18%

North Zones - North Flow 12%

30% deicing andtakeoff lineup at opposite runway

56%

14%

18%

12%

Favorable Configuration

Unfavorable Configuration

Deicing Stage Times

A_North A_South M_North M_South0

20

40

60

80

100

120Minutes

Deicing Stage Times

DeicingPadZoneTaxi

Push backEnter zone

At pad Leave padExit zone

At runway

Time line

deicing

Pad time

Deicing time

Zone time

Taxi out time

Deicing Stage Times

A_North A_South M_North M_South0

20

40

60

80

100

120Minutes

Deicing Stage Times

DeicingPadZoneTaxi

Deicing Stage Times

A_North A_South M_North M_South0

20

40

60

80

100

120Minutes

Deicing Stage Times

DeicingPadZoneTaxi

North zones taxi out longer by ~10 min

A_North A_South M_North M_South

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Count

Zone Queue Size

Zone Queue Size

Definition: number of aircraft taxiing to or staying inside a deicing zone when an aircraft starts to taxi to the zone

A_North A_South M_North M_South

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Count

Zone Queue Size

Zone Queue Size

Zone Queue

Zone Queue Size Histogram

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18Count

0

50

100

150

Frequency

Heavy deicing condition, orunfavorable zone-flow config

Light deicing condition, orfavorable zone-flow config

Taxi Out Times (Zone to Runway)

A_North A_South M_North M_South0

10

20

30

40

50

60Minutes

Taxi Out Times From Zone to Runway

After deicing, aircraft must take offwithin the holdover time

Summary

• Deicing service at dedicated deicing facilities under the ramp control

• ~20 monthly deicing days in 2016-2016 winter months• Deicing requests up to 40% departure flights at a single day• Two thirds of deicing at A South and M South• Deicing impacts

– Extra controller workload– Longer taxi time à departure delays

• Decision making constraints– Service contracts between airlines and operators– Equipment setups

Next Steps

• Finalize analysis– SME verification– Constraints and impact analysis– Weather data correlation– Compare CLT deicing operation

• Develop model concept– Benefit analysis– Model concept development and validation

CLT Deicing Facilities

South Cargo RampTotal 6 pads

Rwy 5/23, three zonesWest, Center and EastTotal 8 pads

Single Service Provider:Integrated Deicing Service (IDS)

CLT Deicing

• Single deicing service provider• Runway 5/23 used as deicing pads• Three deicing ‘zones’ – West, Center and East on

Rwy 5/23, total 5 pads in series configuration• Ramp assigns (in coordination with IDS) first 5

deicing flights to Rwy 5/23• When all Rwy 5/23 pads in use, FAA assigns pads

for flight at spot• Aerobahn is used in deicing operation