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http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 1
International Heliophysical Year
(IHY) 2007: Overview
N. Gopalswamy, J. Davila, B. J. Thompson NASA GSFC Greenbelt MD 20771
What is IHY?
● An international program to expand the famous IGY 1957 concept to a much larger realm – the entire solar system up to the ISM boundary - in a unique way● IGY reached to the frontiers of geophysical research in 1957● IHY will reach to the frontiers of heliophysical research focusing on universal physical processes and connective phenomena● Heliophysical: encompasses solar-planetary physics to heliosphere-ISM interaction● Grass-roots organization with a science focus and international cooperation
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 2
Why IHY? The Historical Perspective
• First International Polar Year (1882-1983)– January 1875 at the Academy of Sciences in Vienna Carl Weyprecht suggested a coordinated study of the
north polar region – Polar meteorological and magnetic observations commenced on Aug 1, 1882 and concluded Sep 1, 1883
• Second International Polar Year(1932-1933)– Scientific activities were significantly limited by the world-wide economic depression – Polar meteorological and magnetic observations to be made in 1932-1933, fifty years after the first IPY
The logical next step is to extend global studies into the Heliosphere to incorporate the drivers of Geophysical change into the global system-The IHY.
• International Geophysical Year (1957-1958)– In 1957 the IGY involved about 60,000 scientists
from 66 nations– To obtain simultaneous, global observations on
Earth and in space
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 3
The original IGY encompassed all of the geophysical domains from oceans to atmospheres. After the IGY the separate fields dispersed and evolved into large communities. Now it is the 50th anniversary of the original IGY and this has caused all of these disciplines to re-aggregate and recreate the conditions which fostered the successful IGY – Towards an IHY.
Evolution of System Studies
19571933 20071883
TIME
Siz
e S
cale
Stu
die
d
IPY-1
IPY-2
IGY
IHY
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 4
Advances During Previous International Years
• IPY 1– Auroral oval structure and dynamics– Currents flowing in the upper atmosphere produce magnetic
perturbations on the ground– Currents flow between upper atmosphere and space
• IPY 2– International polar observing network– New instrumentation (radiosondes and ionosondes)– Rapid run magnetometers– Simultaneous measurements at multiple stations– Global current pattern for specific magnetic disturbance
(magnetic bays)• IGY
– Interhemispheric network of polar stations– New instrumentation (all-sky cameras, satellites)– Major discovery (radiation belts)– New concepts (the magnetosphere, substorms)– Exploration of space– Global 3D synoptic data– Evidence of time-dependent global dynamics
• IHY will build on this heritage
Lapland, 1882
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 5
IHY Scientific Goals
• Provide benchmark measurements of the response of the magnetosphere, the ionosphere, the lower atmosphere and Earth surface to identify global processes and drivers which affect the terrestrial environment and climate
• Global study of the Sun-heliosphere system outward to the heliopause to understand the external, and historic drivers of geophysical change
• Foster international scientific cooperation in the study of Heliophysical phenomena now and in the future
• To communicate the unique scientific results of the IHY to the interested scientific community and to the general public
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 6
Why Now?
• A large armada of existing or planned spacecraft are in place to provide the most comprehensive global measurements of the sun-earth interplanetary system yet obtained
• Earth based observatories can provide measurements of terrestrial effects at the poles and elsewhere
• International collaboration is easier today than in previous international years with abundant and cheap electronic communication available
• No single country has sufficient resources to obtain all required observations
• The time is ripe for IHY global studies.
STEREO
ACE
SOHO
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What is the Opportunity?
• Similar physical processes are evident in vastly different environments
True-color image of Earth’s aurora taken from Space Shuttle
Jupiter’s aurora imaged with HST
Aurora at Saturn’s poles
Cross-cutting solar system science
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 8
Ear
th
Jupi
ter
Mer
cury
Ear
th
Jupi
ter
Ura
nus
Sol
ar C
ycle
Sol
ar C
onve
ctio
n
Atm
osph
eric
Phy
sics
Fla
res
and
CM
Es
Sol
ar W
ind
Sol
ar I
rrad
ianc
e
Sub
stor
ms
Cos
mic
ray
Mod
ulat
ion
ICM
Es
Out
er H
elio
sphe
re
Reconnection X X X X X X X X X
Shocks X X X X X X X X X
Plasma Waves X X X X
Turbulence X X X X X X X X X X X
Particle Acceleration X X X X
Dynamo X
Magnetic Energy Storage & Release
X X X X X X X X X
Flux Ropes, Magnetospheres and other Magnetic Structures
X X X X X X X X X
Partially Ionized Plasma
X
Particle Propagation X X X X
Climate Change X X X
OBSERVATIONAL PHENOMENA FOR CAMPAIGNS
Climate
Aur
ora
PH
YS
ICA
L P
RO
CE
SS
ES
WO
RK
SH
OP
S
Mag
neto
sphe
ric
Str
uctu
re
Solar Physics Heliospheric PhysicsMagnetospheric, Ionospheric Physics
Cross-Cutting IHY Approach
•Observa-tional campaigns are organized for various phenomena
•Scientific results organized by physical process
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 9
General Benefits of the IHY
• The IHY will help us develop a deeper understanding of physical processes through a program of comparative study throughout the solar system.
• The IHY will further the study of energetic events in the solar system, paving the way for safe travel to the Moon and planets in the future.
• The IHY 2007 will serve to inspire the next generation of space physicists and explorers, as the IGY 1957 inspired us.
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 10
Benefits to Space Agencies
• Provides a community consensus structure to unite Earth and Space Science into the new field of “helioPHYSICS”.
• Broadens the use of space data by making data available, and involving new science groups while leveraging data analysis funds
• Pathfinder for ILWS science program, with high-priority consensus science objectives identified by International Teams
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 11
Planning Activities
• Identify national IHY core groups• Identify key leaders for science and advocacy and obtain
endorsements from scientific societies• Identify key facilities (observatories, instruments, data bases),
research groups and gaps that can be filled during IHY2007• Identify and approach funding sources • Identify science questions doable with available and new
facilities and resources• Connect with other national/regional planning groups to evolve a
unified IHY science plan• T. Kosugi, T. Terasawa, K. Shibasaki, M. Kojima, R. Fuji, Y.
Kamide, … Japanese core group• Asia-Pacific IHY planning meeting during AOGS 2005 Singapore
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 12
US Planning WorkshopSac Peak, NM 22-24 April, 2004
• Objective – Begin to organize the scientific program for the IHY in the US science community
• Conveners: J. Davila, N. Gopalswamy, B. Thompson• Scientific organizing Commitee -- Nancy Crooker, and Dan Baker (Co-Chairs),
Charles Jackman, Chuck Smith, Eberhard Mobius, and David Webb. K.S. Balasubramaniam and Alexi Pevtsov were Local Organizers.
• Four Working Groups Formed – – Climate and Earth Atmosphere (WG Leaders: Mark Baldwin and Rolando Garcia) – Magnetospheres and Ionospheres (WG Leaders: Howard Singer and Jan Sojka)– Heliosphere and Solar Wind (WG Leaders: Justin Kasper and Eberhard Mobius)– Solar Drivers (WG Leaders: Terry Forbes and Sarah Gibson).
• Workshop talks and working group summaries are available at website http://www.nso.edu/general/workshops/ihy2004
IHY U.S. Community Science Workshop being planned in early 2005 in Boulder CO, International workshop will be held in July 2005 in Toulouse, France
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 13
Planning Process
International Planning Meeting
J. Davila (US), R. Jain (IN),
I. Veselovsky (Rus)July 2005
Toulouse, France
International Science Plan
Presented to International Planning CommitteeRussia, Ukraine
V. Obridko
Asia PacificT. Kosugi, I. Cairns,
ChinaGuangli Huang
Sep 2004
United KingdomR. HarrisonNov 2003
United States/CanadaJ. Davila, N. Crooker
I. MannApril 2004
Spring 2005IndiaR. Jain,
A. BhattacharyaJuly 2004
EuropeJ.-L. Bougeret, B. Schmieder,R. Wimmer,
R. von Steiger
Meeting Planned
Meeting Complete
Latin AmericaM. Machado, C. Mandrini, P. Kaufmann
United NationsH. Haubold
October 2004May 2005
AfricaB. RaibuMoraal,
S. Yousef
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 14
IHY OVERVIEW
Heliophysical Science GoalsInternational Planning
OutreachFuture Heliophysical Scientists
Scientific Publications
IHY Data Base
Super CDAW: SeriesCoordinated Data Analysis Workshops
Super JOPSeries of CampaignsDistributed IHY Observatory
Space
Ground
New
eGY
VxO
International Scientific Organizations
Theory/Modeling
LP LP
LPLP
LPLegacy Potential
Funding Agencies
UN UNBSSI
UN
UN
UN
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Campaign Framework
1. Title2. Campaign leader3. Science question/goal4. What’s unique for IHY
a. Interdisciplinaryb. Internationalc. Global (big picture ideas)d. Discovery potential
5. Key instrumentation and data6. Models7. Key proposals for community8. Collaborations9. Workshops/collaborations10. Educational opportunities11. Legacy potential:
IHY Steering Committee
Public OutreachNewsletters, Website, Articles, Media Affairs, Outreach Products
Emerging Nations Programs
Scientific CampaignsReviews proposals for IHY campaigns with observatory representatives, coordinates observing schedule
Observatory Reps and Coordinators
Scientific Institutions
Professional Organization Representatives and Coordinators
Science Working GroupsCoordinate analysis and modeling efforts, coordinate meetings & symposia
IGY History and Context
Research Organizations
NASA, ESA, JAXA, NAS, DoD, NSF, etc.
IHY Regional Steering Committees: Europe, North America, Asia-
Pacific, etc.
Scientific Meetings & PublicationsEnsure that scientific objectives of IHY are well-developed and that the results of IHY are communicated to the greater scientific community.
Production and Publications
Campaign Planners
Media Affairs
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 17
Scientific Endorsements
• IHY is widely endorsed by scientific organizations– COSPAR, IAU, ISSI, SCOSTEP, National Academy CSSP,
ILWS MOWG, UN/BSS
• Endorsement Pending– AAS, AGU, IUGG, ICTP, AOGS
• Cooperating Organizations– IUGG, IAGA, IAU, AAS, AGU, SCOSTEP, SHINE, CAWSES
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 18
Other International Years
• Electronic Geophysical Year– Along with Virtual Observatories Will provide data system for IHY
campaign data,
• International Polar Year– Scientific and campaign coordination for polar magnetospheric
phenomena, climate record, and atmospheric effects
• Year of Planet Earth– Solid Earth research, no specific coordination at this time
• International Geophysical Year 2007– Congressional resolution, supported by IHY
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 19
Recent Progress
• Developed a schedule of activities and are making progress towards finalizing research plans for 2007
• The International Steering Committee has been established• Coordination with the UNBSS program continues. We will focus on
partnerships with developing nations to establish distributed instrument networks, and we are exploring how to do it with help from UNBSS. UN-IHY Planning workshop during October 18-21 at GSFC to discuss coordination.
• UNBSS has adopted IHY program for its annual workshops for 2005-2008 to involve scientists from developing nations. Potential for synergy with NSF/DASI (Distributed Array of Small Instruments) program
• Science Coordination Database has been established and is being populated, Campaign Coordination Database in development http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov/
• IHY events and activities at scores of international meetings and symposia• IGY Historical activities underway in partnership with the AGU History
Committee, eGY and the AIP’s Center for History of Physics
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 20
The IHY Science Coordination Database
Over 100 instruments already entered into database
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 21
IHY Planning Schedule
• 2004: Regional coordination meetings, campaigns begin to be defined, synergy/coordination discussions with professional organizations• 2005: Synthesis from regional to international, merging of science working groups and campaigns, "backfilling" missing initiatives• 2006: Prototyping year, preliminary work, review and finalize campaign proposals, proposals to national funding agencies• 2007: IHY campaigns, establish data bases and tools• 2008+: workshops, publications, archives
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 22
Where you fit in
• serve as a coordinator between IHY and your scientific institution or organization to ensure overlap in scientific goals
• serve on one of the science working groups to assist in the development of scientific initiatives
• help with the public outreach effort• assist in the development of programs for developing countries• contribute a story or "reminiscence" about IGY 1957• propose and help coordinate an observing campaign• serve as an observatory coordinator• be creative - new suggestions and ideas are always welcome!
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 23
Schedule of Activities
J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct
Science Leadership
Developing Nations International IHY Science Campaigns Workshop Planning Meeting Coordinated Analysis Workshops, Activities
Identify Members Synthesis IHY Results Sessions at Meetings
Establish SWGs compile int'l inputs, Publications and Reports
SWGs finalize campaigns
USA OrganizersWorkshop
Identify Planning Activities
Team Members IHY Special Sessions at Meetings
UK OrganizersWorkshop
National Planning Activities in Individual NationsRecruit Country Reps Synthesis of Int'l Activities
Scientific Activities and Research
Study Implement Populate Dbase Coordinated Analysis Workshops, Activities
Planning Activities IHY Results Sessions at Meetings
IHY Special Sessions at Meetings Publications and Reports
Theory & Modeling Initiative
Establish SWGs compile int'l inputs, IHY Science Campaigns
SWGs finalize campaigns
LWS/IHY Sessions and Workshop at IAGA Mtg
International Living With a StarIntegration with IPY Science J oint IHY/ IPY Science Campaigns
International Science Organizing Committee
U.S. Science Organizing Committee
Recruit Country/Region Representatives and Initiate Local Planning Activities
Scientific Analysis, Modeling, Research Efforts
Campaign Coordination Database Dev'lpmnt
IHY Campaign Coordination
Coordinated Activities with Other Organizations and Agencies, such as IPY, LWS, SCOSTEP, etc.
2008 20092003 2004 2005 2006 2007
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 24
Communication
Basic Structure Add Resources and Tools Continue to Populate, Serve as a Contact and Information Point
Collect and Digitize IGY Historical Info & Contributions
Information, recruiting Science Input Stimulate Analysis and Discussion
IHY Special Sessions at Meetings IHY Results Sessions at Meetings
Develop Tools & Town Hall Leaders lead activities,
Coord. Structure Incorporate Results after meeting
IHY Special Sessions at Meetings Coordinated Analysis Workshops, Activities
IHY Results Sessions at Meetings
Activity Coordination
Design/Test Populate Database
Study Implement Populate Dbase IHY Science Campaigns
SWGs compile int'l inputs,
finalize campaigns
Study Implement Populate Database Access and AnalysisCoordinated Analysis Workshops, Activities
Developing Nations Initiatives
UNBSS IHY UNBSS Workshop UNBSS Workshop UNBSS Workshop UNBSS Workshop UNBSS Workshop
Coordination Meeting on IHY 2007 on IHY 2007 on IHY 2007 on IHY on IHY
Planning Initiative Development Continued Identification of Targeted Development Activities
NSF DASI Workshop
Identify Identify Participants, Development and Deployment of Continued Proposals Funding Sources Global Instrumentation "Legacy"
E/ PO
Basic Structure Teacher Activities, Serve as a coordination point for activities, Educator Tools stimulate interest in IHY activities & events
Special IHY/ IPY EPO Session @AGU E/PO Committee Activities
Develop Educator Resources
Town Hall Meetings/ Special Sessions Dedicated Activities at1957 "Alumni" Gatherings at AGU 2007 IUGG Meeting
Collect and Digitize IGY Historical Info & Contributions Publications
Development Efforts
IGY 2007 History (J oint with AGU History Committee)
IHY Website
IHY Contacts at most scientific meetings
Global Scientific Instrumentation Activities
UN Basic Space Science Activities
Science Coordination Database
"Town Hall" discussions and Special Sessions at major meetings
IHY Scientific Meetings and Science Workshops
Data and Model Access System
Campaign Coordination and Planning Database
Theory & Modeling Initiative Development
IHY Website
J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct J an Apr J ul Oct
2008 20092003 2004 2005 2006 2007
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 26
The IHY Campaign Database
• The IHY Campaign site contains all of the logistics for IHY campaign planning. Searchable fields will include:
• The Science Working Group Objectives, leaders and participants
• Approved and Proposed campaigns
• Participating Observatories and Observatory Representatives
• Campaign observing targets• Modelers • Campaign Number• Science Objective
• IHY participants interested in the Campaign's scientific topic
• Scientific Publications Relevant to the Campaign's scientific topic
• Start Date, End Date
• Participating Observatory(s)
• A searchable IHY Campaign calendar
• A searchable IHY Science Planning Database
• A searchable IHY Campaign Database
http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov Gopalswamy 26-29 Oct 2004, Kiyosato, Japan 27
IHY International Planning Coordinators
- Heinzl: Czech Republic
- Michalek: Poland- Arnold Benz: Switzerland- Rob Wimmer-Schweinbruger: Germany- Dalmiro Maia: Portugal- Javier Rodriguez-Pacheko: Spain- Ester Antonucci: Italy- Brigitte Schmeider: France- Andy Breen: UK- Peter Gallagher: Ireland- Pierre Kaufmann: Brazil - Bill Liu: Canada- Guangli Huang: China- Rajmal Jain, Narain Rao: India- Lu Lee: Taiwan- Kojima, Kamide, Fuji, Terasawa: Japan- Stefan Poedts: Belgium- Ismail Sabbah: Kuwait- Bo Andersen: Norway
- Cristina Mandrini, Marta Rovira: Argentina- Xochitl Blanco-Cano (Mexico)- E Turunen, Usoskin, Pulkinnen: Finland - Rajmal Jain: India- Karel Kudela: Slovakia- Bindschadler: Antarctica- Obridko, Veselovsky: Russia- Harm Moraal: South Africa- Hady: Egypt- Babatunde Rabiu: Nigeria- Dong-Hun Lee, S.Y. Yun : S. Korea- Chilingairayan: Azerbaijan- Axel Brandenburg, Eigil Friis-Christensen: Denmark- Sixto Gonzalez: Puerto Rico- Rusdijak: Croatia- Walter Gonzalez: Brazil- Xenophon Moussas: Greece - Gedalin: Israel
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