history of latin america monday 2/10/13 john green crash course
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History of Latin AmericaMonday 2/10/13
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos
John Green Crash Course video—play only to 4:30 minutes
Explains Aztec destruction
History of Latin AmericaUnit 3
SSWG7
The student will describe the interaction of physical and human systems that have shaped contemporary Latin America.
a. Explain why the region is known as Latin America; include cultural reasons.
e. Analyze the impact of natural disasters and political instability on economic activity in Latin America.
f. Describe the various ethnic and religious groups in Latin America; include South America, Central America and the Caribbean, as well as major customs and traditions.
Latin America/Early influences Native American tribes here first
Spain & Portugal lead exploration movement -- late 1400’s Looking for gold/spices/route to Asia
Natives lived peacefully until arrival of Christopher Columbus – 1492
Other European countries will soon follow England, France
Colonization/Impact Native American destruction (1)
Most died of European diseases, such as smallpox Others were enslaved
Beginning of African slave trade to the New World (2)
Creation of new population (3) Mestizos: mixed Native American & Mexican ancestry Mulattos: mixed African & European ancestry
Exchange of plants & animals between Europe & the New World (4)
Mexico/Early influences Mexico settled by Native American tribes
Olmecs Toltecs Aztecs
Ancient civilizations contributed to Mexico’s history by: Developing calendars (1) Hieroglyphic writing system (2) Astronomy (3) Infrastructure (4)
palaces, temples, bridges, roads
Aztec Empire
1300’s--Arrive in the Valley of Mexico
Establishes capital at Tenochtitlan Legend: Driven from N. Mexico—journey will end when they
see an eagle perched on a cactus w/ a snake in its mouth
Polytheistic—religion
Political power in the hands of a monarch Most famous Aztec monarch was Montezuma
Aztec Religion Belief in the Sun god will lead
to the Aztec destruction Sun god needed nourishment
Bloodletting & human sacrifice
If Sun god was not nourished, life would end
One day the Sun god will return
Aztec Destruction/Spanish Colonization
1519—conquistador Hernan Cortes enters the Aztec empire
Montezuma (Aztec monarch) assumes Cortes is the Sun god
Spanish see the gold & wealth of Aztec nation
Spanish defeat the Aztecs by 1520
Mexican Independence Spanish colony called New
Spain
Agriculture supports the colonial economy
New Spain becomes Mexico in 1823 Name Mexico comes from
Mexica, which was the original name of the Aztecs
South America/Incas 1471-1532-- Modern day
Peru/near Lake Titicaca Polytheistic Bureaucratic gov’t
Land of the Four Quarters Split into 4 territories
Machu Picchu 1532—Francisco Pizarro
destroyed empire
Political Problems of Latin America
Independence movements will leave countries weak
This has led to coups Coup: change in gov’t
caused by a group taking control by force
Fidel Castro/Cuba Found a weak gov’t in Cuba
overthrew Cuban leader Fulgencio Batista in 1959
Used guerilla warfare to overthrow gov’t Guerilla warfare:
unconventional warfare & combat w/ which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes, raids, etc.) to combat a larger & less mobile formal army
Castro continued Results of Castro’s
takeover:
Relations between the U.S. & Cuba deteriorated (1)
Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis
Castro began to receive aid from communist Soviet Union (2)
Manuel Noriega/Panama Ruled Panama 1983-1989
Career soldier Became very involved in drug
trading to the U.S. President George H.W. Bush sent
U.S. troops to Panama in December 1989
Noriega surrenders to U.S. Special Forces January 3, 1989 Sentenced to a prison in Miami Extradicted back to Panama—still in
prison there
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