history of computers

History of Computers

Yong Heui Cho @ Mokwon University

Some of slides are referred to:[1] Luz Pingol, History Of Computer, slideshare.

2

Basic Computer Design

1. History of Computers

2. Introduction to Arduino

3. Basic Computer Archi-tecture4. Overview of Logic Cir-cuit

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How did it start?• Meaning of “Computer”

a person who can compute

a machine for computations

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Abacus• About 4,700 years ago (2,700

BC)

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The Oldest Analog Computer

• Antikythera mechanism– To predict the cycles (like the Olympiads)

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Pascal Calculator• Invented by Pascal (at 19) for

1642-1652– Used for 8 digit addition and subtraction

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Leibniz Calculator• Invented by Leibniz (at 25) for

1671-1706• Used for addition, subtraction, multiplication,

and square root calculations

Leibniz wheel

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Jacquard Loom• Invented by Jacquard (at 49) in

1801– Used punched cards to program tex-

tile patterns– Punched cards were first around

1725.

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Difference Engine• Invented by Babbage, Father of

Computer, (at 31) in 1822– Powered by steam– Able to perform calculations and

print results

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Analytic Engine• The first general purpose com-

puter– Also invented by Babbage in 1833– Failed to implement

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The First Program-mer

• Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)–Worked with Babbage for 1842-

1843

the first computer program

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Tabulating Machine• Invented by Hollerith (at 29) in

1889– Able to read, store, and process

data– Founded TMC which became IBM

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Harvard Mark I (I)• Proposed by Aiken to IBM in 1937– Aiken was a PhD student in Harvard

University at that time.– A general purpose electro-mechanical

computer– a.k.a. IBM ASCC (Automatic Sequence

Controlled Calculator)– Built from switches, relays, rotating

shafts, and clutches– Contributed to the Manhattan project

by von Neumann in 1944

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Harvard Mark I (II)

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Colossus Computer• Developed for British codebreakers

in 1943-1945– Turing (at 28) designed the British

Bombe in 1940.

Bombe (electro-mechanical)

Colossus

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ENIAC (I)• The first general purpose elec-

tronic computer– Electronic Numerical Integrator and

Calculator–Developed by Eckert (student) and

Mauchly (professor) for 1943-1946– Supported by von Neumann–Weight = 27 tons–# of vacuum tubes = 17,468–# of soldering = over 5 millions

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ENIAC (II)

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Vacuum Tube• A bulb which can compute and

think– Invented by Fleming (at 55) in 1904

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EDVAC (I)• Invented by von Neumann (at 44)

for 1947-1948– Electronic Discrete Variable Auto-

matic Computer– Adopted the architecture of a

stored-program computer– CPU (Central Processing Unit)

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EDVAC (II)

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von Neumann Architecture

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Harvard Architec-ture

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Mainframe Comput-ers

• Mainframe computers are comput-ers used primarily by large organi-zations for critical applications, bulk data processing.

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Supercomputers• A supercomputer is a computer

with a high-level computational capacity.

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Personal Computers• A PC is a general-purpose com-

puter whose size, capabilities and price make it useful for individuals.

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Smartphones• Mobile phone + mobile OS

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Smart Devices• A smart device is an electronic de-

vice, generally connected to other devices or networks via different wireless protocols.