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High safety Lithium ion battery for
EV application
2010 Taipei Forum on Large Format Lithium Batteries
2017/08/09
Dr. Jing-Pin Pan
ITRI/MCL
ITRI organization
MCL-N Division Organization
Power Industries Promotion •Taiwan Battery Association - http://www.taiwanbattery.org.tw
•Promotion of Electrical Vehicle Industries - http://evs.org.tw
•Power Device(Module) Testing and Verification Platform
N600- Dept. of High Power Energy Storage Materials and Devices
N700- Dept. of Batteries Industry Promotion
N000- Energy Storage Materials & Technology Division
N100- Dept. of Nano structure Energy Materials
N500- Dept. of Advanced Thin Battery
N200- Dept. of Lithium Battery Reliability Design
N300- Dept. of Battery System and Application
Battery Technology Development in ITRI
High safety Lithium ion battery for EV application
U.S. considers expanding a laptop ban as lithium battery fires increase
As the U.S. government considers expanding a ban on laptop computers and other electronic
devices from the cabins of commercial flights, federal data show that storing such devices in
the cargo area of a plane could increase the risk of fires.
In 2014, the FAA reported that such batteries were responsible for nine fires, extreme heat or
smoke on cargo and passenger planes. That number grew to 16 in 2015; 31 in 2016 and 17
in the first five months of 2017.
Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly told a House of Representatives panel Wednesday
that he is considering expanding the electronic-device ban to 71 additional international
airports.
This frame grab from video, provided by the Federal Aviation Administration, shows a test at the FAA's technical
center in Atlantic City, N.J., in April 2014, where a cargo container was packed with 5,000 rechargeable lithium-ion
batteries. (Associated Press) http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-travel-briefcase-laptop-ban-20170608-story.html
2017/06/08
EV NEED MORE ENERGY = MORE DANGER
10 cells 200-5000 cells 1 cell
Safety is Most Important 9
A Major Challenge-Accident Free
Tesla Model S Tesla Model X
2016/11/04 Indiana, USA 2017/04/25 Guangzhou , China 2017/06/11 Shandong , China
Tesla Model X Tesla Model X
13th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries, at Biarritz, France, June 18-23, 2006.
Strategies to Overcome the Challenge
Safety mechanism of lithium ion battery
(included module & pack)
Overheat
Gas leakage
Fire
Explosion
Internal Short
External Short
Over Charge
Over Discharge
Separator
melt-down
~130℃
PTC
Protected circuit
(PACK)
Protected circuit
(PACK)
Pre-Charge
(PACK)
Abuse condition
Damage 1St : Electronic Design
2nd:Mechanic Design
3rd:Material Design
CID
Protected
circuit(I、V、T
abnormal)
thermal
runaway
STOBA • Solving safety issues of high energy
density battery caused from internal short
circuit.
• Widely application, reducing danger
factors, upgrading lithium ion battery
industries.
2009
Strategies to Overcome the Challenge
What’s STOBA?
A new kind of hyper branched polymers
(IP protected by ITRI)
• Regular molecular shape
Polydispersity Idex(PDI, Mw/Mn)≦1.2;
• Like sphere, Size ~5nm
• A lot of functional groups that can be re-
reacted by thermal energy
2009
13
Copyright 2017 ITRI 工業技術研究院 14
Superiorities of STOBA applied in LIBs Excellent cycle stability @ RT and HT
by reducing metal ion deposition
The cost of batteries can be reduced
by long cycle life and facile process
STOBA
Increase Capacity
Reduce Cost
Enhance Safety
Extend Cyclelife
Enable high loading weight electrode by
improving its flexibility
< with ChemSEI-Linker >< Blank>
(b)(a)
Fail , crack Pass , no crack
(a) Blank (b) with new STOBA
High weight loading electrode (20 28mg/cm2)
Prevent thermal runaway
when batteries suffer from damage
Ion+ & e- transfering path in electrode
Active material
Current collector
STOBA layer
Mechanism of safety STOBA film coating on cathode
Reference paper : RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 56147
What is the function of
STOBA while danger
occurs?
LNCM
Electrode resistance (Ω) Resistance increased rate
0% (wo STOBA)
RT 0.815 1
150℃ 3.49525 4
180℃ 126.785 156
2% (With STOBA)
RT 0.997 1
150℃ 60.7025 61
180℃ 2708.4 2717
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
2700
3000
R
esis
tan
ce
in
cre
ase
d r
ate
(times
)
Aging Temperature(0C)
LNCM
LNCM+2% STOBA
2717 times
Electrode resistance
Analysis of LNCM(424) electrodes With/Wo STOBA @ 100%SOC -thermal process
1000 500 0 -500 -1000
2.4
Li
/ppm
LNCM - 100% SOC
(LNCM + 1%STOBA) - 100% SOC
(LNCM + 2%STOBA) - 100% SOC
(LNCM + 2%STOBA)- 100% SOC for 150oC/30min
(LNCM + 2%STOBA) - 100% SOC for 180oC/30min
**
*
*
*138
Solid-state Li NMR
400 300 200 100 0 -100 -200
2.4
Li
/ppm
LNCM - 100% SOC
(LNCM + 1%STOBA) - 100% SOC
(LNCM + 2%STOBA) - 100% SOC
(LNCM + 2%STOBA)- 100% SOC for 150oC/30min
(LNCM + 2%STOBA) - 100% SOC for 180oC/30min
138
LNCM
b a
LNCM
1. The signal/peak at 138 ppm is the Li ion in the STOBA layer on the LNCM electrode.
2. After the heat treatment, 138ppm peak disappeared gradually.
What is the safety mechanism of STOBA
e-
e-
e-
e-
STOBA can suppress electron and ion conduction while danger occurs
Nail
cathode(LMO)
Separator
Anode
Al foil
Cu foil
LixC6 -> xLi+ + xe- + 6C
Li1-xMO2 + xLi+ + xe- -> LiMO2
Li+
STOBA e- Li+ Li+
Cathode
material
STOBA T
herm
al d
iffus
ion
Th
erm
al d
iffusio
n
w/ STOBA w/ STOBA w/ STOBA w/o STOBA
Melt-down of Separator
Thermal decomposition
in Cathode
Li+ Li+ Li+
Cell with STOBA Cell w/o STOBA
Times Times
Cell
Cell
Mechanism of Nail vs. Short circuit of cell
(with & without STOBA of 5Ah pouch cell)
Separator
Anode
Cu foil
cathode(LMO) Al foil
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Te
mp
. (o
C)
Vo
lta
ge
(V
)
Time (sec)
Voltage 5Ah w/o STOBA
5Ah with STOBA
Short point temp. 5Ah w/o STOBA
5Ah with STOBA
STOBA
activated
Nail Φ = 2.5mm
Nail Speed = 10 mm/sec
Nail test of 5Ah pouch cell (with & without STOBA )
21
200Wh/kg NCA Batteries
Electrochemical table of 436070 STOBA-inside cells
Nail test results of 436070 STOBA -inside cells
436070
pouch cell
Ave. 6 cells
0.2C
Dis.Capacity
mAh
0.2C
Dis. Capacity
mAh/g
DCIR, Ω
C-rate
3C vs. 0.2C,
(%)
Blank 2203±62 175±2.9 0.070±0.003 89.9%
new STOBA 2256±13 175±1.0 0.053±0.004 88.5%
Fire, Explosion
Max. Temp.~591oC
NS, NF
Max. Temp.~120oC
STOBA Blank
Temp Voltage Distance Temp Voltage Distance
new STOBA electrode with high flexibility
< with ChemSEI-Linker >< Blank>
(b)(a)
Fail , crack Pass , no crack
Folding test of high weight loading electrode (28mg/cm2) (a) Blank; (b) with new STOBA
[Blank] [new STOBA]
小米(mi) 5000 -3.3Ah Power Bank
Fire + explosion
JS 4.35V 5Ah Power Bank (wo STOBA)
JS 4.35V 5Ah Power Bank (STOBA)
Pass, No fire
http://www.tanker.com.tw/
O.D.=3mm ; speed=20mm/sec ; Fully Nail Penetration
Fire + explosion
STOBA, keeping your power bank safe!
Nail test of 39Ah LNCM VDA-PHEV2 cells ITRI cell vs. Commercial cell
Nail Φ = 5mm
Nail Speed = 30 mm/sec
Voltage
Voltage
Temp.
Temp.
ITRI cell
Commercial cell
24
Application of STOBA cell for products
中華(CMC) EM系列
electric scooter
ITRI-CPEV
Sharp robot
喬信Tanker® Power bank
2016 ASIS (Orlando, US)
Sharp robot
UPS system
• Through hyper branch nano structure, STOBA can
suppress electron and ion conduction while danger
occurs.
• STOBA batteries can have higher capacity, higher
safety, and high cycle life.
• STOBA batteries have already commercialized in Taiwan.
Conclusion
Experimental Design Assemble LNCM/Li pouch
cells (0% & 2% old STOBA)
Disassembly in the golvebox & Take out
the LNCM cathode electrodes
After Formation & 4.3V charged state
Charged LNCM electrodes with electrolyte were
sealed in the high pressure Ti tube and then were
heated to 150 & 180℃(Simulated Tinternal short circuit )
Measured the electron resistance of dry
cathode sheet in the dry room
The heated electrodes were clean and
washed by DMC in the golvebox, and
then dry in Vacuum at RT
The electrodes with electrolyte were
measured the Li7 NMR
the local environments of the Li+ ions and their
interaction and mobility in the STOBA–cathode
interface as functions of temperature and
charge states
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