hidrolik pompalar

H�DROL�K POMPALAR

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Hidrolik pompalar ile ilgili temel kavramlar

� �� akı�kanının sisteme / kullanıcılara iletilmesini sa�lar.

� Mekanik enerjiyi hıza – DEB� ye dönü�türler

� Pompalar basınç olu�turmazlar

� Sistemde kullanılacak olan ya�

miktarını – DEB� yi olu�tururlar

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Hidrolik pompalar ile ilgili temel terimler

� DEPLASMAN: Pompa �aftının “1” tur dönmesi ile basaca�ı ya� miktarıdır.

birim: cm3 , sembol: Vg

� DEV�R (HIZ) : Pompa �aftının “1” dakikadaki tur sayısıdır:

birim: 1/min , sembol: n

� DEB� : Pompanın “1” dakikada basaca�ı ya� miktarıdır. DEB�=Deplasman x

devir

birim: lt/dak - lt/min , sembol: qv

� BASINÇ : Pompnın bastı�ı ya�ın, cm2 ba�ına gördü�ü dirençtir.

birim: bar , sembol: p

� Nominal Basınç : Pompanın sürekli olarak emniyetle çalı�bilece�i max.

Basınç’tır

birim: bar , sembol: pN

� Peak (Pik) Basıncı: Pompanın kısa süreli (bir kaç saniye) çalı�abilece�i

max. basınç de�eridir

birim: bar , sembol: pmax

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Hidrolik pompaların sınıflandırılması

�ÇTEN D��L�

DI�TAN D��L�

D��L� POMPALAR

SAB�T DEPLASMANLI

DE���KEN DEPLASMANLI

PALETL� POMPALAR

RADYAL P�STONLU

E��K EKSENL� E��K D�SKL�

EKSENEL P�STONLU

P�STONLU POMPALAR

H�DROL�K POMPALAR

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Di�li pompalar

� Sürekli 250 bar basınç de�erine kadar çalı�abilirler

� Endüstriyel ve mobil uygulamalar için uygundurlar

� Nispeten sesiz çalı�ırlar

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Dı�tan di�li pompalar

� Pompa Büyüklü�ünün Çalı�ma De�erlerine Etkisi

deplasman hacmi cm3 4 8 19 22 80 100max.sürekli çalı�ma basıncı bar 250 250 240 210 180 150peak basıncı bar 275 275 270 230 210 170max. devir dev/dak 5000 4000 3000 2500 2700 2700gürültü düzeyi (150 bar için) dB 60 62 70 70 73,5 73

2’li, 3’lü ya da 4’ lü tandem pompa yapılabilirler

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�çten di�li pompalar

� Sürekli 315 bar; kısa süreli 350 bar basınçta çalı�abilirler� Çok sessiz çalı�ırlar� Genelde endüstriyel uygulamalar için uygundurlar

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� Pompa Büyüklü�ünün Çalı�ma De�erlerine Etkisi

deplasman hacmi cm3 6,3 16 25 40 100 250max.sürekli çalı�ma basıncı bar 315 315 250 250 160 125peak basıncı bar 350 350 315 315 210 160max. devir dev/dak 3000 3000 3000 2600 2200 1800gürültü düzeyi (150 bar için) dB 55 60 60 61 69 77

2’li, 3’lü ya da 4’ lü tandem pompa yapılabilirler

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Sabit deplasmanlı paletli pompalar

� 210 bar basınca kadar çalı�abilirler

� Genelde mobil uygulamalarda kullanılırlar

� 2500 1/min hıza kadar kullanılabilirler

� Çok sessiz çalı�ırlar

�FT STROKLU (ODACIKLI) PALETL� POMPALAR

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Sabit deplasmanlı paletli pompalar

TEK STROKLU (ODACIKLI) PALETL� POMPALAR

Genelde, de�i�ken

deplasmanlı paletli

pompalrda

uygulanırlar

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De�i�ken deplasmanlı paletli pompa

� Direkt Uyarılı De�i�ken Deplasmanlı Paletli Pompalar

R�NG

ROTOR

PALET

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De�i�ken deplasmanlı paletli pompa

� Pilot Uyarılı De�i�ken Deplasmanlı Paletli Pompalar

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De�i�ken deplasmanlı paletli pompa

� Pilot Uyarılı De�i�ken Deplasmanlı Paletli Pompalar : Ppompa < Pregülatör

Basınç regülatörü

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De�i�ken deplasmanlı paletli pompa

� Pilot Uyarılı De�i�ken Deplasmanlı Paletli Pompalar : Ppompa >= Pregülatör

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Pistonlu pompalar - Radyal pistonlu pompalar

� 700 bar gibi çok yüksek basınçlarda çalı�abilirler

� Küçük deplasmanlı pompalardır.

� Doldurma de�il sıkı�tırma i�lemi için kullanılırlar

� Endüstriyel uygulamalar için uygundurlar

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Eksenel pistonlu pompaların sınıflandırılması

SAB�T DEPLASMANLI DE���KEN DEPLASMANLI

E��K EKSENL�

SAB�T DEPLASMANLI DE���KEN DEPLASMANLI

E��K D�SKL�

EKSENEL P�STONLU

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E�ik eksen prensipli pompalar

� Sabit deplasmanlı pompalarda e�im açısı 25 derece (eski seriler) / 40 derece (yeni seri)

� De�i�ken deplasmanlı pompalarda e�im açısı yakla�ık 0 - 13 derecedir

� 400 – 450 bar sürekli çalı�ma basıncında çalı�abilirler

MOVIE

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E�ik eksen prensipli pompalar – Sabit deplasmanlı pompalar

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E�ik eksen prensipli pompalar

� Sabit Deplasmanlı Pompalar, iç yapısı

DA�ITIM PLAKASI

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E�ik eksen prensipli pompalar

� De�i�ken Deplasmanlı Pompalar

Debi konumu Sıfır konumu

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E�ik eksenli de�i�ken debili pompa

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De�i�ken Deplasmanlı, E�ik Eksenli Pompaların Genel �ç Yapısı

Gövde

Rotary Group

Kontrol (Arka kapak)

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E�ik disk prensipli pompalar

• Pistonlar, tahrik �aftına paralel olarak dizilmi�lerdir.

• Tandem (arkaya bir ya da daha çok pompa ekleme) yapmaya uygundur

MOVIE

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E�ik disk prensipli pompalar

� Sabit Deplasmanlı Pompalar

400 bar sürekli çalı�ma basıncına kadar çalı�ırlar

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E�ik disk prensipli pompalar

� De�i�ken Deplasmanlı Pompalar

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E�ik disk prensipli pompalar

� De�i�ken Deplasmanlı Pompalar

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De�i�ken debili pompalarda ayar ve regülasyon tipleri

� Harici Pilot Basıncı Uyarılı Deplasman Ayarı / H�DROL�K - H�DROL�K

Pompa Deplasman Ayarları

Pst – Harici pilot basıncı

Vg – Pompa deplasman Hacmi

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De�i�ken debili pompalarda ayar ve regülasyon tipleri

� Oransal Bobinli Ayarlama / H�DROL�K - ELEKTRON�K

I – Oransal valf kontrol akımı

Vg – Pompa deplasman Hacmi

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De�i�ken debili pompalarda ayar ve regülasyon tipleri

� Mekanik – Stro�a Ba�ımlı Deplasman Ayarı / H�DROL�K - MEKAN�K

b – Oransal valf kontrol akımı

Vg – Pompa deplasman Hacmi

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De�i�ken debili pompalarda ayar ve regülasyon tipleri

� Basınç Regülasyonu

PHD – Pompa basıncı

Q - Pompa debisi

Pompa basıncı ayarlanan de�ere ula�tı�ında, pompa açısını “0” dereceye dü�ürerek debi üretmeden basıncı sabit tutar

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De�i�ken debili pompalarda ayar ve regülasyon tipleri

� Basınç Regülasyonu

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De�i�ken debili pompalarda ayar ve regülasyon tipleri

� Debi Regülasyonu

PHD – Pompa basıncı

Q - Pompa debisi

Sistemde debi ihtiyacının azalması durumunda, pompa üzerinde bulunan debi algılama valfi, pompanın e�im açısını ihtiyacı kar�ılayacak kadar azaltır ya da artırır

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De�i�ken debili pompalarda ayar ve regülasyon tipleri

� Debi Regülasyonu

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De�i�ken debili pompalarda ayar ve regülasyon tipleri

� Güç Regülasyonu

P – Pompa basıncı

Q - Pompa debisi

Pompa istenilen bir sabit güç de�erinde tahrik edilmek isteniyorsa, pompa üzerinde bulunan güç regülasyon valfisayesinde, ayarlanan güç de�erine ula�ıldı�ında pompa Phd x Q = sabit kalacak �ekilde basınç arttıkça debiyi azaltır

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Neden de�i�ken deplasmanlı pompa

NEDEN DE���KEN DEPLASMANLI POMPA ?

ENERJ� TASARUFU

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SAB�T DEB�L� POMPA

GÜÇ REGÜLASYONLU POMPA

BO�A HARCANAN

GÜÇ

� Güç Regülasyonlu Pompada Enerji Tasarrufu

Neden de�i�ken deplasmanlı pompa

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Neden de�i�ken deplasmanlı pompa

� Basınç Regülasyonlu Pompada Enerji Tasarrufu

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Hidrolik pompa seçim kriterleri

� Kullanılacak olan akı�kan

� �stenilen basınç aralı�ı

� �stenilen devir sayısı

� Çalı�ma sıcaklıkları

� Gürültü seviyesi

� Kontrol tipi

� Bakım imkanları

� Maliyet

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Hidrolik pompa seçim kriterleri

Kriter

DDP

�DP

OP

VP

VPTOPP

ÇOPP

E�RPP

ESBRPP

EEPEPP

EDPEPP

Kullanılabilir Hız Aralı�ı 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2Kullanılabilir Basınç Aralı�ı 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1Viskozite Aralı�ı 1 2 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 1Max. Gürültü Seviyesi 4 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3Kullanım Ömrü 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2Fiyat 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3

1 - çok iyi / çok geni�

2 - iyi / geni�

3 - orta

4 - zayıf

DDP : DI�TAN D��L� POMPA�DP : �ÇTEN D��L� POMPAOP : ORB�T POMPAVP : V�DA POMPATOPP : TEK ODALI PALETL� POMPAÇOPP : Ç�FT ODALI PALETL� POMPAE�RPP : EKSANTR�K �AFTLI RADYAL P�STONLU POMPAESBRPP : EKSANTR�K S�L�ND�R BLOKLU RADYAL P�STONLU POMPAEEPEPP : E��K EKSEN PRENS�PL� EKSENEL P�STONLU POMPAEDPEPP : E��K D�SK PRENS�PL� EKSENEL P�STONLU POMPA

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Pompa seçimini belirleyen di�er kriterler

� Tandem pompa kullanılıp kullanılmayaca�ı

� Pompanın (sistemin) kontrol tipi

� Sistemin açık ya da kapalı çevrim olması

� Ya� kirlili�ine kar�ı hassasiyet

� ��letici personel kabiliyetleri