harnessing social media for public health · the dengue engagement experience in sri lanka may o....
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Harnessing Social Media for Public Health: The Dengue Engagement Experience in Sri Lanka
May O. Lwin & Schubert Foo
Centre of Social Media Innovations for Communities (COSMIC)
Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information (WKWSCI)
Joint APAN-TEIN Dengue Fever and Public Health Workshop
1 – 6 March 2015, Fukouka, Japan
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COSMIC Centre of Media Innovations for Communities
To empower the next billion people in the community through
social media innovations that improve the way they live, work,
and play
Mo-Buzz To battle global infectious diseases using social media
• Globally – 40% of world’s population at risk from
Dengue
– Nearly 50 to 100 million cases every year
• Asia – Home to 52% of world’s dengue-at-risk
population
• Sri Lanka – More than 70,000 cases since 2009
– More than 47,000 cases reported in 2014
– Close to 15,000 cases from Colombo
Dengue Burden
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Colombo
Preventing Dengue
NO × Vaccination
× Preventive pills
× Specific treatment
(Symptomatic treatment & fluid therapy only)
YES √ Scientific Preventive Methods
Sleeping under mosquito nets
Draining stagnant water
Using mosquito repellents and ointments
Wearing long-sleeves clothes
√ Indigenous Preventive Methods
Burning trash around the house
Growing plants, eg. tulsi
Fumigating house using dhoop
Burning coconut husks
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• Visited India, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and
Vietnam to understand the needs in
the ground
• Conducted massive survey in India,
Singapore, and Vietnam to identify
the current needs in public health
• Administered survey, focus group,
and interviews with public health
inspectors and general public to
identify the gaps in dengue
prevention and attitudes related to
mobile phone usage
In the past 5 years…
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Research Findings
• Traditional methods of conducting
disease surveillance
• Wide interval between disease data
collection and report reaching
authorities
• Challenges in identifying breeding
and recording breeding sites
• Challenges in data collection: getting
public cooperation in providing
details, responding to health
education
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Needs
Assessment
Reactive
Hotspot
Mapping
Circuitous
Surveillance
Outmoded
Health
Education
Based on interviews with policymakers, public health inspectors
and academics
Assessment of Needs
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Interdisciplinary Research Team
Technological
Experts
Topical
Experts
Dynamic
Disease
Mapping
Civic
Engagement
Health
Education
Prof. Schubert FOO
Information Studies
Dr. Newton FERNANDO
Human Computer
Interaction
Vajira RATHNAYAKE
Computer Science
Asst. Prof. Siew Ann CHEONG
Disease Modeling
A/P May O. LWIN
Health & Social Communication
Dr. Santosh VIJAYKUMAR
Behavioral Science
Gentatsu LIM /
Karthikayen JAYASUNDAR
Psychology
Mo-Buzz
Prof. Yin Leng THENG
User-centered Design
Asst. Prof. Astrid ALMKHLAAFY /
Jeffrey HONG
Art Design
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Dynamic
Disease
Mapping
Civic
Engagement
Health
Communication
Drew on insights from: Behavioral science, health communication, computer
science, human computer interaction, information science, mathematics
Mo-Buzz Solution
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One of the first systems
globally to integrate all three
public health functions
Health Authorities Vigilant Citizens
Personal
Networks
General
Public
Hotspot Zones
Citizen Reports
Health Information
Health Alerts
Mo-Buzz
stakeholders
content
social
media
use
to share
Mo-Buzz Approach
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Mo-Buzz Application
For General
Public
For Public Health
Inspectors (PHIs)
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Mo-Buzz
for
Public Health Inspectors
(PHIs)
• Mo-Buzz for Public Health Inspectors (PHIs) was launched in July
2013
• 55 PHIs are using Mo-Buzz app in their tablets for dengue
surveillance
• Received attention from World Health Organization (WHO)
Mo-Buzz for PHIs
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Mo-Buzz for PHIs
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Digital Surveillance
Electronic forms on tablets
Backend database for authorities
Predictive Surveillance
Hotspot maps
Plan for preventive actions
Dynamic Monitoring
Picture or video of breeding sites
Real-time and geo-tagged technologies
Health Communication
Tailored health messages
Interactive educational modules
Digital Surveillance
• Dengue investigation forms digitized and loaded on portable tablet
computers for public health inspectors
• Easy-to-use interface; faster reporting times
• Made accessible as hotspots on mobile devices
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Predictive Modeling
Predictive Hotspots
Map
Mosquito Related Data
(mosquito population & distribution)
Weather Related Data
(temperature, rainfall, & wind
direction)
Dengue Incidence Data
(zip code of suspected and
confirmed cases) Dengue Serotype Data
(zip code of suspected and
confirmed cases)
Human Density Data
(human population and construction
projects)
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Predictive Hotspots Map
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Dynamic Monitoring
• Smartphones to breeding sites & other disease risk factors
• PHIs take pictures/videos of breeding sites using tablets
• Pictures automatically geo-tagged
• Sent to CMC with click of button; ensures quicker response
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Health Communication
• CMC’s health education materials available on tablets
• PHIs use tablets to deliver health education to public: generate
greater attention, more interactivity, more interest
• Future: Targeted health alerts, customized health communication
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Mo-Buzz
for
General Public
• Mo-Buzz for General Public was launched in February 2015
• Attended by Mayor, Municipal Council leaders, Health Ministry officials,
Medical Officers for Health and Public Health Inspectors
• Nearly 125 attendees including potential collaborators from region
Mo-Buzz for General Public
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Mo-Buzz for General Public
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Dynamic Disease Mapping
Hotspot maps
Highlighting danger zones based on real cases
Civic Engagement
Report of breeding sites & symptoms
Crowdsourcing technology
Health Communication
Detailed & graphics-based information
Dynamic component of tailored communication
• To alert general public about dengue
cases in real-time
• Based on real dengue cases recorded by
CMC
• Experts use real-cases to create
geographically- specific dengue clusters
• Mo-Buzz users can see clusters on their
smartphones
• Keeps general public aware about where
an outbreak is occurring
Dynamic Disease Mapping
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• To enable general public to contribute to CMC’s surveillance
efforts using smartphones and/or tablets
• General public take pictures of breeding sites using tablets
• Pictures automatically geo-tagged
• Simple, digitized forms
• Sent to CMC with click of button; ensures quicker response
Civic Engagement
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• To educate general public about dengue spread & prevention
• Education based on simple and intuitive graphics
• Localized education module available in English, Sinhala, Tamil
• Upcoming in the next version: Multimedia-based health
messages; animations; short films
Health Education
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Challenges to Civic Engagement
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Technological constraints (textual): Smartphones vs normal phones
Visual confounders: Image recognition and filtering
Cultural differences: Less likely to report symptoms
A Trans-Sector Collaborative Challenge
• Integration in public health programs:
Cooperation & Collaboration
• Consistent and transparent negotiations
with the relevant stakeholders for data
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• A detailed communication about our system’s capabilities
• A strong assurance about our technological ability to ensure the
confidentiality of data
• Enthusiasm, curiosity and urgency to consider mobile phone-
based innovations
Civic Agencies
Research Institutions
Telecom-munication Companies
Policy-makers
Future of Mo-Buzz
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Potential scaling-up to other districts in Sri Lanka
Potential expansion to other public health issues in Sri Lanka and the region
Influenza prevention system for secondary school children and healthcare workers in Singapore and other countries
Acknowledgement
• This research is supported by the Singapore National Research
Foundation under its International Research Centre @ Singapore
Funding Initiative and administered by the IDM Programme Office
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Q & A
Thank You!
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