gsm architecture gtr
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loballobalystem forystem for
obile Communicationsobile Communications
GGSS
MM NETWORKARCHITECTURE
BY
K.RAJENDRA PRASADDE(RTTC),HYDERABAD
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Objective of This Lecture
At the end of the lecture the participant will be able to Know:
Concepts of GSM
Components of GSM
Architecture of GSM
Call processing in mobile communications
Services provided in GSM
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Objectives Of Mobile Communications
Objectives Of Mobile Communications
Anytime Anywhere
Mobility & Roaming
High capacity & subs. density
Efficient use of radio spectrum Seamless Network Architecture
Low cost
Flexibility
Innovative Services
Standard Interfaces
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Land-Line connectivity
Mobile Connectivity
DP Pillar Cabinet
Tele.
Exchange
CabinetPillarDP
BSC MSC BSC
BTS BTS
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GSMNetworkStructure
GSM Service Area: Total area served by the
combination of all member countries where a mobilecan be served.
PLMN Service Area:It is one N/W area.
MSC Service Area:There can many MSC/VLR in onePLMN area.It is one Mobile Exch. Area.
GMSC: All I/C calls for PLMN N/W will be routedthrough GMSC. In a GSM/PLMN N/W all mobileterminated calls will be routed to a Gateway MSC.Call connections between PLMNs , or to fixed N/Wsmust be routed to a GMSC.The GMSC contains the
Inter working functions to make these connections. Location Area
Cells
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LOCATION AREA:There are several LA in a MSC/VLRcombination A LA is a part of the MSC/VLR service area in
which a MS may move freely without updating location
information to the MSC/VLR exchange that control the LA.
Within a LA a paging message is broadcast in order to find
the called mobile subs. LA can be identified by system usingthe LAI.
CELL.A cell is an identity served by one BTS. The MS
distinguishes between cells using the BASE STATION
IDENTIFICATION CODE(BS
IC) that the cell site broadcastover the air.
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GSMRelation between areas in GSM
Location AreaCell
Area served by a BTS
Location AreaMSC Service AreaPLMN Service Area
GSM Service Area
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System Architecture
Functional Architecture broadly divided into six parts:
Mobile Station.
Base Station Subsystem (BSS).
Network Switching Subsystem (NSS).
Operation and Maintenance Subsystem.
Enhanced Services System
Billing and Customer Care System
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GSM Network Overview
MEME
SIMSIMSIMSIM
BTS
BTS
BSC
BSC
MSC
HLR
EIR
VLR
AuC
MobileStation Base Station Subsystem Network Subsystem
PSTN
Um Abis
A
OMC
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The SIM
SIM is classified on the basis of:
Operating voltage.
RAM capacity.
Operating Voltages:
3V and 5V.
RAM Capacity:
8K, 16K, 32Kand 64K
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SIM
SubscriberIdentification Module (SIM)
Smart Card a single chip computer containing OS, File
System, Applications
Protected by PIN
Owned by operator (i.e. trusted)
SIM applications can be written with SIM Toolkit
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SIM Card
SIM Module
Unique Subscribers ID- IMSI
PIN(4 Digit Password) PUK(8DIGIT)
Key Ki,Kc and A3and A8 algorithms
Dual SIM to one MSISDN Mobility of the user
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BSS Connectivity
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
MSCXCDR
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Base TransceiverStation (BTS)
BTS houses the radio transceivers that define a cell.
CELL,SECTOR
Handles the radio-link protocols with the Mobile
Station Each BTS can support a number of transceivers
depending on the density of subscribers in the cell.
It is an interface to Base station controller and ME
It does the monitoring of flow of messages betweenBTS and mobile equipment
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Base TransceiverStation (BTS)
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Base Station Controller
BSC manages the radio resources for one or agroup of BTSs.
Handles radio-channel setup, frequency
hopping, handovers, and control of the RFpower levels.
Establishes connection between the mobilestation and the MSC.
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BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTSBTS
BTS
BTS
XCDR MSC
Base Station Controller
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Network & Switching Subsystem
Manages the communication between the mobile usersand other users.
Provides all the functionality needed to handle a
mobile subscriber such as: Registration.
Authentication and security.
Location updating.
Handovers and
Routing to roaming subscribers.
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Visitor Location Register
In the Tyical architecture, each VLR corresponds to oneMSC, even though a VLR can hold data for one or severalMSCs of the same PLMN.
HoldsIMSI, M
SRN, HLR copy (
Sub data).
Temporary Mobile SubscriberIdentity (TMSI). Location Area Code (LAC) of MS.
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Authentication Centre
A protected database used for security purposes. Replicates the copy of the secret key (Authentication
Key Ki) stored in each subscribers SIM card.
Provides all the parameters needed for authenticationand encryption over radio channels.
Considered to be part of HLR.
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Technical Terms Used w.r.t. MM (Mobility Management )
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IMSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN number
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
MSRN Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number
LAI Location Area Identity
A3 Authentication Algorithm
A5 Ciphering Algorithm
A8 Kc Generation Algorithm
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GSM Network Identities
1. MSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN number
Subscriber Related Identities -
CC NDC SN
Max. 15 digits
CC Country Code.NDC Network Destination Code.
SN Subscriber Number.
Eg 91-98100-12345
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2. IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity.
3. TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
Subscriber Related Identities -
MCC MNC MSIN
Max. 15 digits
MCC Mobile Country Code.MNC Mobile Network Code.
MSIN Mobile Subscriber Identification Number.
GSM Network Identities
Equipment Related Identities -
1. IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
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1. MSRN Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number
It is a temporary number used for routing the call to MS.
Format : MSRN = CC + NDC + SN
CC = Country Code
NDC = Network Destination Code
For example for Patna MSC in IMPCS network MSRN looks
like 91 98750 00100.
SN = Subscriber Number
Location Related Identities
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Location area consist of one or more than one cell which may
be served by one or more BSC s.
All the cells in a Location area are served by single VLR.
2. Location Area Identity (LAI ) -
Each location area in a GSM PLMN is identified by a Location
Area Identity ( LAI ).
Location Related Identities
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HLR
SS 7
BSC
MSC 2
VLR 1
VLR 2
BSC
BSC
BSC
LA 1
LA 2
LA 3
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
Location Area
MSC 1
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MS BTS BSC
BSSVLR
MSC
OMS
B&CCSEnhanced
Service
NodesPSTN
Other
MSCs
AirInterface
Voice PathSignalling Path
X
C
D
R
GSM Network Architecture
EIR
AuC
HLR
AuC
HLREIR
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Enhanced Services System
Unified Messaging Services (UMS)
Voice Mail (VM)
FAX Mail (FM)
E-Mail (EM)
Short Message Service (SMS)
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Intelligent Network (IN)
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Billing & Customer Care System Mediation Device
Interconnect Billing Subsystem Billing Subsystem
Rating Module
Billing Module
Roaming settlement subsystem (Transfer of AccountProcedure)
CustomerService Module
Order Management Module
Smart Card Handling Module
Service Provisioning Subsystem
Networking Subsystem
Printing Subsystem
Customer Care (Remedy)
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Spectral Allocation in GSM
935-960 MHz
890-915 MHz
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Fixed to Mobile Call Routing
MSISDN say+91944700110
0
IMSI/TMSI
MSRN LAC
MSISDN MSRN
MSISDN IMSI/TMSI
VLR
PSTPST
NNMSC
HLR
BSS
BSS
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Fixed to Mobile Call Routing
MSISDN
MSISDN
MSISDN MSRN
MSRN IMSI/TMSI
IMSI/TMSIIMSI/TMSI
VLR
PSTPST
NN
MSC
HLR
MSC
BSS
BSS
BSS
BSS
(VISITED)
(HOME)
MSISDN
MSRN
MSRN
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sms MSC SMSC
SMS
9440000851
9440000111
SMS FLOW
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POS
T PAID
CALL FLOW
BTS BSC MSC BSC BTS
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Roaming: The roaming feature allows a user
to make and receive calls in any GSM network
and to use the same user-specific services
worldwide.This requires a roaming agreement
between the individual operators.With worldwide
roaming the MS is accessible under the same
phone number everywhere.
ROAMING
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NATIONAL ROAMING(POSTPAID)
M
S
AP SUB AT PUNE
9440000897 PUNE MSC
AP MSC
GW
TAX
AT PUNE
HYDTAX
M
S
9440000807
AT HYD
CDR WILL BE GENERATED
TRANSFERRED TO
HYD BILLING
CENTER
LANDLINE AT PUNE
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INTERNATIONAL ROAMING(POSTPAID)
M
S
AP SUB AT USA
9440000897SPICE
GW
AP MSC
GW
TAX
AT PUNE
HYD
TAXM
S
9440000807
AT HYD
CDR WILL BE GENERATED
TRANSFERRED TO
HYD BILLINGCENTER
LANDLINE AT PUNE
USA
NW
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Value Added Services
Voice Mail
Fax Mail
SMS (Short Message Service)160 char E Mail
WAP
STKMenu
OTA
Location Based Services
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GPRS1.General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enabled networks
offer 'always-on', higher capacity, Internet-based content and
packet-based data services.ServingGPRS Support Node and Gateway GPRS Support Node,PCU
2. This enables services such as Internet browsing 170kbps,e-mail on the move, powerful visual communications,multimedia messages and location-based services.
3.GPRS, standing for General Packet Radio Service, is the "new,improved" way of passing data over a mobile phone network.
4. Until GPRS, the standard method of surfing the net, getting emails
or, most commonly, using WAP on a mobile phone was done using
the circuit-switched method - dialling up, staying online, then logging
off.5.GPRS allows for what has become known as "always on" data
connection for GSM mobile phones, allowing for faster WAP browsing,
web surfing and email.
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Multimedia Messaging
(MMS)
1.MMS, standing for Multimedia Messaging Service
2,it is regarded as the new SMS - an improvement on text messaging, addinganimation, images, sound and video.
3.MMS is also frequently referred to as Picture Messaging or Media Messaging
4. With an MMS phone YOU CAN AVAIL ALL THESE FACILITIES
Take digital photographs and store photographs on the Internet
Send and receive full colour picturesSend and receive voice clips
Add a text message to your picture
Purchase pictures and sounds from the Internet
Have enhanced polyphonic ringtones
5.The basic requirement is you should have an Instrument which will support
MMS
6. MMS runs over GPRS. You normally need to subscribe to a GPRStariff, and have 'Media Messaging' enabled by your network operator.
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What is an EDGE ?
EDGE : Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution - known as EDGE*.
ADVANTAGE :
1.This will achieve the delivery of advanced mobile servicessuch as the downloading of video and music clips, full multimedia messaging,high-speed Internet access and e-mail on the move at a data rate of upto384kbps.
2 EDGE (or Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution) is a 3G technologythat delivers broadband-like data speeds to mobile devices.
3.It allows consumers to connect to the Internet and send and receive data,including digital images, web pages and photographs, three times faster thanpossible with an ordinary GSM/GPRS network.
4. EDGE enables GSM operators to offer higher-speed mobile-data access,serve more mobile-data customers, and free up GSM network capacity toaccommodate additional voice traffic.
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Enhanced Data for Global Evolution(EDGE)
1.A technology that gives GSM the capacity to handleservices for the third generation of mobile telephony.
2. EDGE provides three times the data capacity of GPRS.Using EDGE, operators can handle three times moresubscribers than GPRS; triple their data rate per
subscriber, or add extra capacity to their voicecommunications.
3.EDGE uses the same TDMA (Time Division MultipleAccess) frame structure, logic channel and 200kHz carrierbandwidth as today's GSM networks, which allowsexisting cell plans to remain intact.
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THANKYOU ALL FOR
PATIENT HEARING
A PRESENTATION
BYK.RAJENDRA PRASAD
DE(OP) CellOne, Vijayawada
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