gs1 system academic overview
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Australia GS1 Standards
An Introduction
2011
An introduction to
GS1 Numbering and
Bar Coding standards
© 2010 GS1
Australia
2
Disclaimer
All images and products used during this presentation
are for illustrative and education purposes and their use
does not imply endorsement nor any other purpose on
behalf of GS1 Australia
© 2010 GS1
Australia
4
1 - A not-for-profit organisation
2 - An international community of 108
national member organisations
3 - An industry driven
organisation with millions of
members across 24 industry
sectors 4 - A standards organisation
6 - Dedicated to continuous improvement
in supply chain „end to end‟ for industry 5 - The most widely used supply chain
standards system in the world
About us …
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Used by millions of companies
108 Member organisations
150 countries served
2,000 staff worldwide
Countries with a
GS1 Member
Organisation
Countries served on a
direct basis from GS1
Global Office (Brussels)
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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A history lesson
EAN
European Article
Numbering
UCC
Uniform Code
Council
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Our mission
Leading global organisation dedicated to the
design and implementation of global
standards and solutions to improve the
efficiency and visibility of the supply and
demand chain.
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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What are standards?
Standards are agreements that structure any
activity or any industry.
They may be rules or guidelines that
everyone applies.
They may be a way of measuring, or
describing, or classifying products or
services.
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Standards of our lives
American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM)
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Shoe sizes around the world
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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• Administer & maintain the GS1 System of supply chain standards in
Australia
• Current membership 16,500 companies across multi-industries
• In excess of 18 industry sectors
• Over 100 staff in Melbourne & Sydney
• http://www.gs1au.org
GS1 Australia Office at Mt Waverley, Melbourne GS1 Australia Office at Botany, Sydney
Who is GS1 Australia?
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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GS1 Australia’s role
The implementation of the GS1 System by
Australian industry for the benefit of all users.
Our role is to:
• develop global, open, multi-sector standards;
• provide training, education and support
services on supply chain management; and
• promote and help implement the GS1
System to facilitate best business solutions.
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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All companies in all industries need to identify goods coming
in, passing through and leaving the…
Best Practice SCM is about capturing accurate data at the
least cost and effectively processing the information within
application systems, with total integration in mind.
The GS1 systems supports these objectives.
Best practice supply chain
management
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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The GS1 System
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Numbering and bar coding allows for the identification of
products, items, locations and services.
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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GS1 DataBar
GS1-128
EAN/UPC
ITF-14
Bar Codes are also called Data Carriers
Some GS1 Bar Codes
Bar Codes shown not to scale
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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The transfer of structured data,
from one computer to another,
by electronic means
© 2010 GS1
Australia
Translation
software to
convert into
data exchange
standard
Translation
software to
convert data
for application
Business Trading via E-Messaging
A
EDI Message
B
Examples of Documents that can be transacted: Purchase Orders, Invoices, PO Changes, Despatch
Advices, RCTIs, Product Activity Data
© 2010 GS1
Australia
Business Trading via E-Messaging
A
B
Faster More accurate
No human interpretation
Less labour intensive
Greater security
Non-repudiation
No need for physical storage
Data can be easily used for analysis
EDI Message
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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The continuous and automated exchange of standardised
item master data within and between organisations
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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What is Product Data
• Description
• Product classification
• Measurements • Weight
• Height
• Diameter
• Packaging • Levels
• Pack size
• Construction
• Material
• Alcohol content
• Country of origin
• … and more
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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What is Data Synchronisation?
The continuous and
automated exchange
of standardised item
master data within
and between
organisations GS1net / NPC
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Radio Frequency Identification allows the identification of tagged items without line of sight.
RFID tags contain a microchip and an antenna. Electronic Product Code is the numbering standard that is encoded in the RFID tag.
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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EPC / RFID
RFID microchips are
populated with the
Electronic Product
Code (EPC) data
which is a GS1
Standard
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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A retail item is an item or a commodity sold in small
quantities directly to consumers / POS.
Definition of a retail item
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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• A bar code is a data carrier.
• The GS1 number is a key to the short hand description of a product.
• The GS1 data carrier is a representation of the GS1 number used to
automatically capture data and access information and data through
a database in the computer.
• Scanning drives price lookup.
9 3 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 59312345000005
Number vs. bar code
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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GS1 numbering system
• A single, open unified numbering system for every
item or service traded world-wide.
• A common link when communicating about product
or service information between trading partners.
• The GS1 numbering system is applied to six areas
of applications: trade items; logistic units; assets;
locations; service relationships and special
applications (e.g. documents,…).
• Reduces cost of operating the supply chain and
improves global business productivity and efficiency.
© 2010 GS1
Australia
• Accesses all industry sectors
• Can expand with growth
• Communicates worldwide
• Easy to implement
• Cost-efficiencies
• Hardware
• Software
• Easier support
32
Advantages of an open system
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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GTIN
Global Trade Item Number
New harmonised & global terminology
240
8080242
162
80 242
492332
254
80
8080
80
For all levels of packaging
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Basic Numbering Rules
• Unique: every variant of an item is
allocated a separate unique sequential
number
• Non-significant: they identify an item but
contain no information about it
• International: GTINs are unique across all
countries and all sectors
• Secure: GTINs are fixed length, numeric
and include a standard Check Digit
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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9312345 00
GS1 COMPANY PREFIX
The first seven or nine digits are allocated by GS1 Australia to the member company
ITEM REFERENCE
The next five or three digits are allocated to a specific product by the
member company
000
CHECK DIGIT
Checks the validity of the entire number by a
mathematical formula
5
GTIN-13
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Check Digit
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Check Digit – Method 1
1. Enter 12 first digits here 2. Click here 3. Get the Check Digit here
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Check Digit – Method 2
1. Enter the range of numbers
2. Click here
3. GTINs with the Check Digit
4. Type in the description of your products
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Product 500ml 9312345000005
Product 1lt 9312345000012
Product 2lt 9312345000029
For every different variant of a trade item
a unique GTIN should be allocated.
Unique GTIN-13
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Identification to the lowest level
Colour Size
S
M
L
XL
S
L
9313579000007
9313579000014
9313579000021
9313579000038
9313579000045
9313579000052
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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KOALA Brand
One trade item = one GTIN
9312345000005
9312540122113
3325678952008
X
X
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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X
One GTIN = one trade item
9312345000005
X
© 2010 GS1
Australia
Brand Ownership
44
The Brand Owner allocates the GTINs
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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The country prefix (examples)
400 – 440 GS1 Germany
754 – 755 GS1 Canada
930 – 939 GS1 Australia
000 – 019
030 – 039 GS1 US
060 – 139
616 GS1 Kenya
893 GS1 Vietnam
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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General rule is:
“Where there is a change in the consumer
declaration of a trade item then the GTIN
should change”
Visit www.gs1au.org for GTIN Allocation
Rules
When to change a GTIN?
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Example 1
Changes in the net weight or declared units.
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Example 2
Minor (not declared) change in net weight / count / volume (e.g. changes in
manufacturing tolerances do not impact the declaration to the consumer).
Actual weight: 1.150kg Actual weight: 1.010kg
Sold to consumer at nominated weight: 1 kg
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Example 3
Any dimensional change of more than 20% in the item packaging.
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Example 4
Formulation change, expecting that the consumer distinguishes the new
trade item from the old.
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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4 years minimum
9312345000005
• In case of garments, minimum period is 30 months
• Healthcare re-use of GTINs is not allowed at all
• Consideration for re-issue should be given to product type and possible life in market
Re-use of a GTIN
9312345000005
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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• For small products
• For products sold on the North American
market
• For books
• For serial and magazines
• For variable measure items
Other kinds of GTIN
TR
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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GTIN-8 are individually assigned
by GS1 Australia
93
GS1 PREFIX
Identifies the GS1 Member Organisation
issuing the number
(93 = Australia)
COMPANY / ITEM REFERENCE
These 5 digits are allocated by GS1 Australia to suppliers for use
on products with very small printable area
12345
CHECK DIGIT
Checks the validity of the entire number by a
mathematical formula
7
GTIN-8: for Small Products
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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U.P.C COMPANY PREFIX
The first six or eight digits are allocated by GS1 US
to the member company
88 596783
CHECK DIGIT
Checks the validity of the entire number by a
mathematical formula
7
If you are exporting products to the North
American market, contact GS1 Australia
050
ITEM REFERENCE
The next five or three digits are allocated to a specific product by the
member company
For North American market –
GTIN 12?
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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© 2010 GS1
Australia
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• A bar code is a type of font
• Bar codes represent characters
• Alpha
• Numeric
• Alpha/numeric
• Bar codes enable automatic
data capture by a scanning device A70X465Q
Font in Arial
A70X465Q
Font in Wingding
Bar code
is a type of font
What is a bar code?
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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EAN-8
UPC-A
• Must be used for any retail
trade items scanned at the
Point-of- Sale
• Can be used throughout the
entire supply chain
Bar codes scanned at Point-of-Sale
GTIN-8
GTIN-12
EAN-13
GTIN-13
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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GS1 DataBar: Business needs
To provide better ways to automatically identify:
• Very small items (e.g. syringes, vials, and
telecommunications circuit boards)
• Variable measure retail items utilising full product
identification (e.g. meat, poultry, and bagged produce)
• Individual produce items (e.g. apples and oranges)
• Sunrise date: 2014 for GS1 DataBar to be accepted in all
scanning environments
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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GS1 DataBar: Small items
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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GS1 DataBar: Fresh produce
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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GS1 DataBar: Meat and other variable
measure products
© 2010 GS1
Australia
Data Matrix key points
65
• Not suitable for all commercial applications
• Not for general use for POS
• Requires 2D imaging scanner (cannot be read by
conventional scanners)
• Adheres to specific guidelines
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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GS1 DataMatrix
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Key steps to consider
1. Colour – Print contrast
2. Bar code width – Magnification
3. Bar code height – Truncation
4. Quiet Zones
5. Print quality
6. Location
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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• Light background, ideally white
• Dark bars, ideally black
• Solid colours
• Avoid reflective colours
• A gloss coat can reduce print contrast
• Transparent wrapping diminishes contrast
X X
Colour - Print contrast
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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• Different magnifications required for all GS1 Bar
Codes
• Dependent on print method
• Determine where bar code will be scanned
• Consider industry requirements
Bar code width - Magnification
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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80% 100%
150% Minimum for conveyorised scanning 200%
EAN-13
Bar code width - Magnification
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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• EAN/UPC Symbols have a nominal (target) size
• Nominal bar codes have a fixed relationship
between the width and height to enable omni-
directional scanning
50
0 51 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Nominal bar code Truncated bar code
0 51 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Scanner beam fails to read bars
Bar code height
EAN-13
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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• Area to the left and right of all bar codes
• Enable scanner to determine start and end of
the bar code
• Must keep all graphics, dark colours clear of
these areas
Quiet Zones
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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X
Quiet Zones
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Quiet Zones
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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• Clear crisp well defined bars
• Watch for voids and smudging
• Print quality requires regular ongoing checks
• There must be enough contrast between the
dark bars and the light spaces for a scanner
to be able to read the bar code
Print quality
© 2010 GS1
Australia
82 Substrate (packaging material) needs to be taken into consideration
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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• General recommendation for location is
towards the lower right of the back of the
product.
Location - Retail trade items
• Lower right of another face is acceptable
where the back of the product is unavailable.
• Base of a product will continue to be
acceptable but is NOT preferred.
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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6
9
1 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 8 6
Avoid package
seams or seals
6 91 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 8 6Bar codes do NOT
scan around corners
Ask the package designer first
© 2010 GS1
Australia
86 Bar code quality
X
© 2010 GS1
Australia
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Ladder Orientation
• On curved surfaces, recommended placement for
the bar code is in a ladder orientation when the item
stands on end. This is because the bars may be
distorted by the curved surface.
X
Picket fence
orientation
Ladder
orientation
© 2010 GS1
Australia
89
Australia
Consulting /
Implementation
Services
Member
Assistance
Resources
Alliance
Partners
Education
and Training
Quality
Support
GS1 Australia Services and Support
Australia
Contact Details
GS1 Australia
Unit 100/45 Gilby Road
Mt Waverley VIC 3149
T + 61 3 9558 9559
W www.gs1au.org
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