growing greens in high tunnels
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Growing Greens in High
Tunnels
M. D. Orzolek
Department of Horticulture
The Pennsylvania State University
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Mixed green production
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Types ofLettuce
1-Romaine - green and red 2-Bibb - green
3-Oakleaf - green and red
4-Butterhead - green and red
5-Summer Crisp (Batavia) - green and red
6-Baby lettuce mixtures - mild mesclun mix,spicy greens mix, braising mix.
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Lettuce Maturity
Lettuce types range in maturity from 42to 58 days for full size heads. Babylettuce types are ready from seeding to
harvest in 28 to 30 days. Cooler airtemperatures, below 40F will slow
growth of lettuce plants and increasetime to maturity 7 to 10 days.
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Types of Leafy Greens
1-Asian greens - Hon Tsai Tai, Chinesekale
Komatsuna, Mibuna, Mizuna and
Tatsoi.
2-Arugula
3-Pac Choi
4-Corn Salad/Mache
5-Cress
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Leafy Green Maturity
Leafy green types range in maturity from 35to 55 days for full size heads. Baby greenstypes are ready from seeding to harvest in 21
days. Cress will mature in 10 to 12 days fromseeding. Cooler air temperatures, below32F will slow growth of leafy green plants
and increase time to maturity 10 to 15 days.
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Mizuna
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Tatsoi
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Arugula
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Environmental Requirementsfor Seeding Lettuce
Lettuce is a hardy, cool season cropthat can be grown in high tunnels 12months of the year. Optimum growth
occurs at temps between 60F to 65F.Seeds will germinate at soil
temperatures as low as 40F, but poorlyat soil temperatures above 75F.
Requires firm seedbed and continuous
soil moisture for germination.
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Direct seeded lettuce in HT
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Dense population of lettuceeliminates weed problems
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Lettuce emergence fromOctober seeding
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Fall Seeding of LettuceUnder Row Cover
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Production of Lettuce inSummer
Many varieties of lettuce grown underhigh summer temperatures (85F orhigher) for 5 to 7 consecutive days are
susceptible to bolting. Choose lettucevarieties when growing in the summer
that are resistant to bolting.
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Establishing Leafy Greens inHT
Seeding especially of baby lettucemixtures from mid-May through lateAugust. Vigorous seed germination and
emergence critical for maximum yieldsand quality.
Transplant production for late winterand late fall production.
Use of 128 or 200 cell trays will produce
ideal transplant in 14 to 20 days.
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Environmental Requirementsfor Lettuce Transplants
Seed in 128 or 200 cell trays with shallowplacement in soil (0.25 deep) and cover withfine vermiculite. If temperature in
greenhouse or high tunnel exceeds 75F,place shade cloth above trays to keep cool.
Harden transplants by reducing water or temp
2 to 3 days before planting in high tunnel.Hardened transplants can survive air tempsas low as 20F.
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Lettuce Transplants - 72 celltray
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Lettuce in High Tunnels
Plant spacing of seeded lettuce,especially salad mixes, approximately60 seeds/ft. in 4 to 6 wide band.
Minimum spacing between bands willdevelop continuous plant canopy and
help reduce weed seed germination.Spacing of transplants in raised beds
should be dense enough to reduce
weed growth in beds.
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Multiple planting of leafy
greens in permanent raisedbeds
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Use of shade cloth to enhancegermination of lettuce seeds
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Poor lettuce spacing can
produce sparse plant canopyand weeds
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Mature raddichio
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Romaine lettuce productionin foreground
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November lettuce productionwith row covers
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Spring Lettuce Production
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Biological Control of Aphids
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Rodent Control
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Cellar Market on Campus
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Interior of Cellar Market
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Are There Any Questions
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