grapevine breeding for resistance to downy and powdery mildew at the university of udine university...
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Grapevine breeding for resistance to downy and powdery mildew at
the University of Udine
UNIVERSITY OF UDINE, ITALYUNIVERSITY OF UDINE, ITALY
___________________________________________Project INNOWINE kickoff, June 21°, 2012, Novi Sad
Enrico PETERLUNGER, Gabriele DI GASPERO,
Simone CASTELLARIN, Raffaele TESTOLIN
Department of Agricultural and
Environmental Sciences
Vineyards in Europe on
3.3% of total agricultural land
but to preserve the grapes it is applied
65% of all fungicides used in agriculture,
farmers
damage for - man
consumers
- environment
- economy of the crop
Fungicide consumption in France
Fungicides (France)Fungicides (France)
00
50005000
1000010000
1500015000
2000020000
2500025000
3000030000
3500035000
4000040000
4500045000
19921992 19931993 19941994 19951995 19961996 19971997 19981998 19991999
YearsYears
To
nn
es d
e m
atiè
res
acti
ves
To
nn
es d
e m
atiè
res
acti
ves
CerealesCereales
GrapevineGrapevine
Other cropsOther crops
• Plants and their pathogens co-evolute in a continous struggle for life
• one species not able of reproduction is destined to succumb
• Man can help that species to survive but such a choice has a cost ...........
• Most cultivated grape varieties are > 200 years old• Minimum contribution from breeding• Limited variability, also reduced by clonal selection
Phylloxera grafting onto resistant rootstocks
breeding for resistant rootstock
PM, DM breeding for
resistant cultivars,
hybrids such as
Isabella, Noah,
Clinton, Baco…
but…
Resistance was achieved
Quality was not satisfactory
About 1960 Europe decided to ban hybrids
except…
eventual new selections “comparable”
to vinifera
Sources of resistance to diseases
30 American species (V. riparia, V. rupestris, Muscadinia ) 30 Asian species (V. amurensis, …)
• monogenic (non-host, HR) • poligenic
origin of sources of resistance
Downy mildewPowdery mildew Downy mildew
Powdery mildew?
Powdery mildew (ren1)
Kishmish vatkana
the breeding lines
susceptible (S) resistant (R) Chardonnay Bianca Cabernet S. 20/3 Merlot Regent Sauvignon Seyval Sangiovese Pannonia Tocai SK-00-1/2 ... ...
The workplan
• 800+ accessions introduced into the repository• 270 + cross combinations• 16.000+ seedlings under evaluation• Selection for - resistance
- agronomical features- quality of musts
advanced evaluation
• nano-vinification of > 200 selections at UIV (VR) • wine testing for up to three years• advanced evaluation for 15 selections at VCR in Fossalon
[2010]
several advanced selections
Vc 80.024 Vc 55.084 Vc 80.111 Vc 34.004 Vc 80.100 Vc 55.100
Vc 58.083 Vc 32.078 Vc 31.125 Vc 31.122 Vc 57.001
tocai x bianca sauv x bianca tocai x bianca tocai x 20/3 tocai x bianca sauv x bianca
cab s x bianca cab s x 20/3 merlot x 20/3 merlot x 20/3 merlot x bianca
Future development of the breeding program
to combine together more than one resistence• combining resistences to different pathogens• combining more resistences to the same pathogen• 2 sources of resistance to downy and 2 to powdery mildew
to differentiate the product • sparkling base• long-lasting wines • dessert wines• table grape• ...
The new frontiers of selection:the marker-assisted selection
- Genome sequencing- No GMO- The selection is not carried out on phenotypic characters but on genes controlling them (e.g. resistance)
X
GTACGG GTACGT GTACGG GTACGT GTACGG GTACGG GTACGT GTACGG
GTACGG GTACGT
The new frontiers of selection:the selection for the aromatic profiles
7
Time12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00 40.00 42.00 44.00 46.00
%
1
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00 40.00 42.00 44.00 46.00
%
2
3562_16 TOF MS EI+ TIC
2.00e516.25
14.07
13.56
33.6530.81
19.25
29.4824.36
20.15 21.11 22.3824.93
27.79
33.11
38.8234.06
36.31 37.85
45.83
39.47
3562_14 TOF MS EI+ TIC
2.78e516.26
14.07
13.57
30.81
24.93
19.25 24.3623.80
20.0722.38
29.48
25.1527.79
33.65
33.11
34.06
38.82
37.4245.82
39.47
bianca
chardonnay
- The impact of traditional viticulture needs to be considered
- A more healthy viticulture with lower production cost can be done,
without forgetting tradition
- The value of our products
is the territory,
with our tradition
and skills
- A resistant cultivar
can help future viticulture
to be more sustainable
Thanks for your attention!
Research conducted in cooperation with IGA- INSTITUTE OF APPLIED GENOMICS - Udine
and• Institute of Viticulture, Pécs, Hungary• Missouri State University, USA• INRA, Colmar, France• Université de Strasbourg, France• Genoscope, Paris, France• Institut für Rebenzüchtung, Geilweilerhof, Germany• University of Geisenheim, Germany• Unione Italiana Vini, Verona, Italy• University of Verona, Italy• CRA Istituto di Viticoltura, Conegliano, Italy
Support from• Region Friuli Venezia Giulia• MiPAF Projects Vigna & Vigneto• MiUR strategic projects PRIN• Vivai Cooperativi di Rauscedo• Banche di Credito Cooperativo of FVG• CR of Udine, Gorizia, Trieste• Consorzio Collio• Winemakers Felluga L, Felluga M, Zamò, Venica
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