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12 Kaai, S.C., Manske, S.R., Leatherdale, S.T., Brown, K.S., & Murnaghan, D. (2014). Are experimental smokers different from their never-smoking classmates? A multilevel analysis of Canadian youth in grades 9 to 12. Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada, 34(2-3), 121-131. Retrieved from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cdic-mcbc/34-2-3/ar-07-eng.php

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15 Cobb C., Ward, DK., Maziak, W., Shihadeh, AL., & Eissenberg, T. (2010). Waterpipe tobacco smoking: An emerging health crisis in the United States. American Journal of Health Behaviour, 3(3), 275-285. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3215592/

16 Minaker L, Manske S, Rynard VL, Reid JL & Hammond D. (2014). Tobacco use in Canada: patterns and trends- special supplement: flavoured tobacco use-2014 edition. Retrieved from http://www.mantrainc.ca/assets/tobaccouseincanada_2014_flavoursupplement.pdf

17 Webster, L., Chaiton, M., & Kirst M. (2014). The co-use of tobacco and cannabis among adolescents over a 30-year period. J Sch Health, 84 (3), 151-9. doi: 10.1111/josh.12137

18 Miller JW., Naimi TS., Brewer RD. & Jones ES. (2007). Binge drinking and associated health risk behaviours among high school students. Pediatrics, 119(1), 76-85. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17200273

19 Thombs DL, O’Mara RJ, Tsukamoto M, Rossheim ME, Weiler RM, Merves ML, & Goldberger BA. (2010). Event-level analyses of energy drink consumption and alcohol intoxication in bar patrons. Addictive Behaviors, 35 (4),325-330. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.11.004

20 O’Brien MC, McCoy TP, Rhode SD, Wagoner A, & Wolfson M. (2008). Caffeinated cocktails; energy drink consumption, high-risk drinking, and alcohol-related consequences among college students. Acad Emerg Med, 15(5):453-460. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00085.x

21 Barisic, A., Leatherdale, S.T., Burkhalter, R., & Ahmed, R. (2014). Are Canadian youth still exposed to second-hand smoke in homes

and in cars? Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada, 34(2-3), 113-120. Retrieved from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cdic-mcbc/34-2-3/ar-06-eng.php

22 MADD. (n.d.).Youth services-statistics &links. Retrieved from http://www.madd.ca/madd2/en/services/youth_services_statistics.html