glass is one of the earliest engineered materials - ectc wednesday luncheon keynote/ectc... ·...

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Glass is one of the earliest engineered materials

• Glass articles have beenmanufactured for more than 4,000years

– The history of glass making can betraced back to early bronze ageMesopotamia (about 2,300 BC)

– Early artifacts from Mesopotamiaand Egypt show substantial glasschemistry know-how andsophistication

– Compare 40 centuries of silicateglass know-how (versus just twocenturies for silicon)

• Glass has been one of the mostversatile family of materials in humanhistory

8th Century B.C. glass jug

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InformationApplianceProtection& Interface

InformationApplianceProtection& Interface

Information TransmissionInformation Transmission

Glass has fulfilled many roles in history

Revelation 1 IlluminationDecoration

Containment 2 Discovery Fiber Optic

Microscope(van Leeuwenhoek-1674)

Telescope(Galileo-1609)

LCD GlassCRT Bulbs

1-2 © Corning Museum of Glass3 © Trustees of the British Museum

1500BC 1000BC 1500 1900 1950 1960 2000 201019801600 1800100AD

Cover Glass

Wafers &Interposers

Information DisplayInformation Display

Semaphore LensFenestration 3

InformationProcessing

InformationProcessing

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Which have been proliferating in the information age

InformationInformationProcessingProcessing

UserInterface

InformationDisplay

InformationTransmission

Cover glassplatform

Fiber & OpticalInterconnect

Solutions

High-performance

substrate glass

Glass solutionsfor advanced

semiconductorpackaging

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Today glass has become the commondenominator in one of the most dramatic

developments of the modern era:

Information Immersion & ComprehensiveInterconnectivity

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A Day Made of Glass –Corning’s Vision of the Future Role of Glass in the Information Age

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Which have been proliferating in the information age

InformationInformationProcessingProcessing

UserInterface

InformationDisplay

InformationTransmission

Cover glassplatform

Fiber & OpticalInterconnect

Solutions

High-performance

substrateglass

Glass solutionsfor advanced

semiconductorpackaging

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LCD platform has grown through successive application to2013’s glass substrate consumption of over 4 B ft2

Mil

lio

nS

qu

are

Fe

et

Viability

NotebookComputer

Practicality

DesktopMonitor TV + everything else

Ubiquity

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Since the beginning of the LCD revolution…about 24B ft2 of glass has transformed in displays

This is enough glass tocreate a continuous ringof 100” LCD TVs circlingthe earth and the moon.

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The LCD platform has accelerated the trend toincreased density of visual information

Number of Pixels

One 100s 10,000s 1M 2M 8 – 32M1000s 100,000s

1928 19391890 1941 1953 20131996 20061927 2011

1080p

4K

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How did engineered aluminosilicate glass deliver25 years of sustained value in the LCD glass industry?

Advanced optical melting +fusion sheet forming process

Advanced optical melting +fusion sheet forming process

FusionIsopipe

Molten glass

Sheet ofglass

FlatStable

Clean

Innovative aluminosilicate glasscompositions

Innovative aluminosilicate glasscompositions

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Is there a Moore’s Law for display? Kind of…

Pixel Structurein Large

Screen LCD-TV

Pixel Structurein High

ResolutionSmart Phone

Large mother glass used formultiplicity of display

panels

Higher resolution in small &intermediate mobile devices

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Resolution + Large Mother GlassMoore’s Law for LCD manufacture

Higher PPI

Larger Mother Glass

Higher PPI

Larger Mother Glass

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Which have been proliferating in the information age

InformationInformationProcessingProcessing

UserInterface

InformationDisplay

InformationTransmission

Cover glassplatform

Fiber & opticalinterconnect

solutions

High-performance

substrate glass

Glass solutionsfor advanced

semiconductorpackaging

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IC packaging solutions that enables more agilewireless communication and faster device processors

Illustration of one possible IC package usingglass interposer & circuit board

• Interposers are being introduced in advanced IC packaging to increasereliability, interconnect density and speed of RF and digital processors

• For many applications, glass is proposed to be the optimum interposermaterial because of its stability and surface properties

• Technologies for mass production of vias are in latter stages ofdevelopment

Micrograph of glass vias madeby proprietary Corning

process

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You will find that the value equation for glass in theInformation Age can be generalized across all applications

Agile & scalable specializedmanufacturing process

Agile & scalable specializedmanufacturing process

Glass formulation engineeredfor intended application

Glass formulation engineeredfor intended application

OpticsStability

Surface

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And the importance of these three attributes varyaccording to their value in the specific application

AdvancedAdvancedGlass forGlass for

ICICPackagingPackaging

MobileMobiledevicedevice

cover glasscover glassOpticalOpticalFiberFiber

LCD &OLED

Substrate

OpticsStability

Surface

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Technology trends in glass in the information age

• Glass will be increasingly an environmental presence driven bypervasive connectivity

– Ubiquitous display: blurred device boundaries (client/host) and evenless distinction between real and virtual worlds

– Unbroken glass path from content to consumer (required bygigabit/sec information density)

– “Hidden glass” improves device performance (3DIC & touch)

• Glass functional range will expand beyond the traditional roles

• Traditional roles of glass will be increasingly customized byapplication

– Commodity Specialization

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The first and most enduring function of glass hasbeen as a vehicle for artistic expression

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InformationApplianceProtection& Interface

InformationApplianceProtection& Interface

Information TransmissionInformation Transmission

Starting with the functional roles of glass in history…

Revelation 1 IlluminationDecoration

Containment 2 Discovery Fiber Optic

Microscope(van Leeuwenhoek-1674)

Telescope(Galileo-1609)

LCD GlassCRT Bulbs

1-2 © Corning Museum of Glass3 © Trustees of the British Museum

1500BC 1000BC 1500 1900 1950 1960 2000 201019801600 1800100AD

Cover Glass

Wafers &Interposers

Information DisplayInformation Display

Semaphore LensFenestration 3

InformationProcessing

InformationProcessing

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InformationApplianceProtection& Interface

InformationApplianceProtection& Interface

Information TransmissionInformation Transmission

Focus on the proliferation of glass applications in theInformation Age…

Revelation 1 IlluminationDecoration

Containment 2 Discovery Fiber Optic

Microscope(van Leeuwenhoek-1674)

Telescope(Galileo-1609)

LCD GlassCRT Bulbs

1-2 © Corning Museum of Glass3 © Trustees of the British Museum

1500BC 1000BC 1500 1900 1950 1960 2000 201019801600 1800100AD

Cover Glass

Wafers &Interposers

Information DisplayInformation Display

Semaphore LensFenestration 3

InformationProcessing

InformationProcessing

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InformationApplianceProtection& Interface

Information Transmission

The emergence and proliferation of glass as anartistic medium coincided with the technological…

Revelation 1 IlluminationDecoration

Containment 2 Discovery Fiber Optic

Microscope(van Leeuwenhoek-1674)

Telescope(Galileo-1609)

LCD GlassCRT Bulbs

1-2 © Corning Museum of Glass3 © Trustees of the British Museum

Cover Glass

Wafers &Interposers

Information Display

Semaphore LensFenestration 3

InformationProcessing

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Specifically, 1960 was a discontinuity from functionalforms to purely expressive non-functional glass art

1000BC 1500 1900 1950 2000 201019801800100AD

Functional Non-Functional

ca. 1960

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Another major change that occurred around 1960 was theexodus of art glass from mass production to the artist’s studioIconic Art Nouveau Glass: René Lalique’s 1927 Opalescent Bacchantes Vase Leveraged Mass Production Glass Factory

Source: http://www.finesse-fine-art.com/Showcase/Lalique/BacchantesOpal/index.htm

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This discontinuity was nucleated by the founders ofAmerican Studio Glass Movement

Photos from www.cmog.org

Dominick LabinoHarvey Littleton

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Harvey Littleton came from a famous glass family

Dr. Jesse & Mrs. Bessie Littleton

Advertisement for Pyrex® glass dishes,1916. Images courtesy Corning

Incorporated, Corporate Archives.

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Art + Technology: Labino & Littleton in Toledo (1962)

“Littleton and Labino held twoseminal glassblowing workshopsat the Toledo Museum of Art,where artists were introduced tomolten glass as a material forcontemporary art. Thisexperimental activity changedeverything about how glassmight be made, and how it mightbe expressed in art, craft,architecture, and design.”~Tina Oldknow

www.cmog.org

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Harvey Littleton, Vessel (1965 )

http://blog.cmog.org/2013/12/18/harvey-k-littleton-american-1922-2013/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=harvey-k-littleton-american-1922-2013

“This small vessel is witness to arevolution: not a social one, buta material one.”

~Tina Oldknow

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Harvey Littleton, Red/Amber Sliced Descending Form(1984 )

“Capturing the transient qualitiesof glass is the challenge of thematerial… All of these physicaland chemical properties areordinary to the glassworker.Making them apparent to thepublic will suffice for the present,but the artist must penetratebeyond what is commonplace tocreate new form statementsfrom qualities inherent in thematerial”

~Harvey Littleton

http://www.cmog.org/audio/redamber-sliced-descending-form-557

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Harvey Littleton, “Gold and Green Implied Movement”(1987)

The sense of arrested movementand the multiplication andmagnification of light inside theglass are characteristic of Littleton’ssculptures of the 1980’s. Littletonexplained the making of suchsculptures as “action, reaction andthe force of heat and gravity”

(commentary adapted from CorningMuseum of Glass exhibit)

http://www.cmog.org/artwork/gold-and-green-implied-movement

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Ionic Structure of Glass – Dominick Labino (1979)

"The possibilities are all inherent inthe glass itself, in the blowpipe andin yourself."

~Dominick Labino, CeramicsMonthly, 1967

"How many years will I have to stayhere until I can decide to dosomething that I don't have to getapproved by fourteen to twentypeople.“

~Dominick Labino

http://www.cmog.org/artwork/ionic-structure-glass

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Dominick Labino – “Emergence Four-Stage” (1980)

“It helps light the darkness, screenthe elements, sharpen the acuity ofvision, magnify the infinitesimal, andplumb the heavens. It transmitselectronic signals across continentsand may someday spawn asuperbreed of ultrafast computers.Protean glass can also soar with asculptor’s imagination, as inDominick Labino’s nine-inch-highrhapsody in rose hues titled“Emergence Four-Stage”.

William S. Ellis, “Glass: Capturing theDance of Light”, National Geographic, v.184, no. 6, December 1993, p.37.

http://www.cmog.org/artwork/emergence-series

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Students of Littleton played seminal roles in raisingthe awareness of studio glass around the world.

Harvey Littleton and Dale Chihuly blowing glass at Pilchuck Glass School,1974 (Marvin Lipofsky Archive, Rakow Library, The Corning Museum of Glass)

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Dale Chihuly

“Glass…is a continuing sourceof inspiration for me. It istransparent, translucent, andopaque – anything you want it tobe. And you can make form withyour own human breath. Justthink.”

~Dale Chihuly

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Dale Chihuly, “Fern Green Tower”,(1999, reconfigured 2013)

“Although a stellar product of thestudio glass movement which madeit possible for individuals to workdirectly in hot glass, he is unique inhis ability to work through others.Lots of others. In short, he inspires.Like Emile Galle and Louis ComfortTiffany his designs, his ideas arebrought into existence byspecialized craftsmen. But unlikethem, he is not a factory owner butrather the leader of a team whichforms and reforms as projects andproduction require.”

~Thomas S. Buechner

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Dale Chihuly, “Erbium Chandelier with Gilded Putto”,(1993)

“(I tried) to make the forms appear as natural as possible, using as few tools as I could. I wanted toconcentrate on using the fire from the furnace as well as centrifugal force and gravity. This meant lettingglass find its own form, so that the pieces could appear very fragile and natural.” Dale Chihuly, (Publishedin Chihuly's Pendletons, Portland Press, 2000)

http://www.cmog.org/artwork/erbium-chandelier-gilded-putto

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Dale Chihuly, “Honeysuckle Blue Seaform Set withYellow Lip Wraps” (1990)

http://www.chihuly.com/seaform-set_detail.aspx

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Dale Chihuly, “Fiori di Como” (1998)rumored to be a $40M commission

BELLAGIO RESORT,LAS VEGAS. NV

http://www.chihuly.com/bellagio-selected_detail.aspx

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A brief digression: Studio Glass Pioneer: Sculptor & ceramistEdris Eckhardt was an innovator in “warm glass” techniques.

Pâte de verre castingCourtesy of Joe Kisvardai

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Edris Eckhardt, “Dream Sequence” (1974)

Eckhardt started working in glass in the1950s, inspired by ancient Roman andEgyptian pieces. Between 1953 and herdeath in 1998, Eckhardt produced and soldmore than four thousand objects, and herpatrons included Eleanor Roosevelt, John F.Kennedy, and Queen Elizabeth II.

Among her accomplishments were recreatingancient techniques combining gold foil andglass and combining bronze and glass

“Every artist must occasionally take stock ofhimself, his time, his relationship to it. Hemust constantly change, enlarge, diversify orbe left stranded on an island of his ownmaking while the stream of life

flows by.”

~Edris Eckhardt

http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artwork/?id=7877

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Evening Dress with Shawl – Karen LaMonte (2004)

“I use clothing as a metaphor foridentity and human presence.Rendered in glass, clothingbecomes a window to theinterior, where on the impressionof the physical body remains.”

Karen LaMonte as quoted in CorningMuseum of Glass exhibition of “EveningDress with Shawl”.

Photo by the author, Corning Museum of Glass

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Jaroslava Brychtova & Stanislav Libensky,“Heart/Red Flower” (1976) and “Red Pyramid” (1993).

“Someone once said, ‘Science is aladder which you can climb rungby rung, but art has wings.’”

~Stanislav Libenský

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Why is it about glass that captures the imagination of artists?(My list adapted from artists and critics)

• Glass has substance that you can see through.

• Glass is versatile in its ability to “hold light” and can do soemploying the entire optics palette: transparency, opacity,translucency, iridescence, birefringence, diffraction…

• Glass has a contradictory nature exhibiting at the same timestrength & fragility, vitality & inertness, mass & buoyancy…

• Glass is often called (incorrectly) a “rigid liquid,” and has uniqueabilities to give form to the amorphous & fluid, such as water, airand light.

• Glass can be machined, etched, abraded, fractured & pulverizedand then through fire, healed in all or in part or, indeed,transformed to have no memory of its history.

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Underlying reasons for the synchronicity of InformationAge Glass & Glass as an Artistic Medium

• Is there a shared enabling technology?

• Are they different manifestations of the same sociological trends?

• or…is this a cosmic coincidence that arises from the Nature of

Glass Itself?

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The one common technology that was enabling bothwas the periodic table…but this dates to 1868.

Si

OMy personal 35-year journeyacross the periodic table as aglass scientist

My personal 35-year journeyacross the periodic table as aglass scientist

Thanks to Marv Bolt, Science Curator at CMOG

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My conclusion is that it is a Cosmic Coincidence that is basedon shared value equation with technological glass.

Agile & scalable specializedmanufacturing process

Agile & scalable specializedmanufacturing process

Glass formulation engineeredfor intended application

Glass formulation engineeredfor intended application

OpticsMechanics

Surface

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My conclusion is that it is a Cosmic Coincidence that arisesfrom a shared value equation of art & technical glass

Personal & collaborativefabrication & transformative tools

for crafting the artistic vision

Personal & collaborativefabrication & transformative tools

for crafting the artistic vision

Palette of glass intrinsic &extrinsic capabilities combinedwith those of other materials

Palette of glass intrinsic &extrinsic capabilities combinedwith those of other materials

OpticsMechanics

Surface

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How does the artwork shown today map to this valueequation?

LightForm

Texture

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Conclusion

• As we converge on a future of Information Immersion & ComprehensiveInterconnectivity depicted in the Day Made of Glass, functional roles forglass have proliferated.

• Coincident with these trends, the use of glass as a purely expressiveartistic medium has also flourished.

• It is proposed that this is a Cosmic Coincidence arising from the unique &transcendent ability of glass to mediate human communication throughform, surface & light.

• I encourage you to visit Corning Museum of Glass and explore thesethemes yourself!

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The author expresses deep gratitude to Corning Museum ofGlass (CMOG) & especially Tina Oldknow for insights & guidance

http://www.cmog.org/

Tina Oldknow,Senior Curator of Modern and Contemporary Glass

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In December a 100,000 ft2 expansion of CMOG includes a spaciouscontemporary art gallery & new 500-seat hot glass blowing theater

http://www.cmog.org/