generating interface grammars from wsdl for automated verification of web services (talk @ icsoc...

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DESCRIPTION

Using interface grammars to model the interface contract of a web service, we can automatically generate stubs and drivers to test and verify a web service client.

TRANSCRIPT

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Sylvain Hallé, Graham Hughes,Tevfik Bultan, Muath Alkhalaf

Generating Interface Grammarsfrom WSDL for AutomatedVerification of Web Services

University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara, USA

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

A motivating scenario

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

A motivating scenario

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

A motivating scenario

$

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

A motivating scenario

?

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

A motivating scenario

express checkoutexpress checkout

?

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

A motivating scenario

express checkoutexpress checkout

!

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

A motivating scenario

express checkoutexpress checkout

!

?

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

A motivating scenario

express checkoutexpress checkout

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

A motivating scenario

express checkoutexpress checkout

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

A motivating scenario

express checkoutexpress checkout

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

PPPP

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails

</PaymentDetailsItem><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

</PaymentDetails>

> 1234 50 456 1 Sale

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><PaymentDetailsItem><Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

PPPP

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails

</PaymentDetailsItem><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

</PaymentDetails>

> 1234 50 456 1 Sale

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><PaymentDetailsItem><Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 1234<Token> </Token>

PPPP

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails

</PaymentDetailsItem><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

</PaymentDetails>

> 1234 50 456 1 Sale

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><PaymentDetailsItem><Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 1234<Token> </Token>

<GetExpressCheckoutDetails>

</GetExpressCheckoutDetails>

1234 abcd<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId>

PPPP

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails

</PaymentDetailsItem><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

</PaymentDetails>

> 1234 50 456 1 Sale

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><PaymentDetailsItem><Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 1234<Token> </Token>

<GetExpressCheckoutDetails>

</GetExpressCheckoutDetails>

1234 abcd<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId>

<GetExpressCheckoutDetailsResponse>

</GetExpressCheckoutDetailsResponse>

1234 abcd ...

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentDetails> </PaymentDetails>

PPPP

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails

</PaymentDetailsItem><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

</PaymentDetails>

> 1234 50 456 1 Sale

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><PaymentDetailsItem><Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 1234<Token> </Token>

<GetExpressCheckoutDetails>

</GetExpressCheckoutDetails>

1234 abcd<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId>

<GetExpressCheckoutDetailsResponse>

</GetExpressCheckoutDetailsResponse>

1234 abcd ...

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentDetails> </PaymentDetails>

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

1234 abcd Sale

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

PPPP

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails

</PaymentDetailsItem><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

</PaymentDetails>

> 1234 50 456 1 Sale

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><PaymentDetailsItem><Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 1234<Token> </Token>

<GetExpressCheckoutDetails>

</GetExpressCheckoutDetails>

1234 abcd<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId>

<GetExpressCheckoutDetailsResponse>

</GetExpressCheckoutDetailsResponse>

1234 abcd ...

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentDetails> </PaymentDetails>

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

1234 abcd Sale

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentResponse>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentResponse>

1234 7890

<Token> </Token><PaymentInfo>

</PaymentInfo><TransactionID> </TransactionId>

PPPP

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails

</PaymentDetailsItem><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

</PaymentDetails>

> 1234 50 456 1 Sale

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><PaymentDetailsItem><Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 1234<Token> </Token>

<GetExpressCheckoutDetails>

</GetExpressCheckoutDetails>

1234 abcd<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId>

<GetExpressCheckoutDetailsResponse>

</GetExpressCheckoutDetailsResponse>

1234 abcd ...

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentDetails> </PaymentDetails>

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

1234 abcd Sale

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentResponse>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentResponse>

1234 7890

<Token> </Token><PaymentInfo>

</PaymentInfo><TransactionID> </TransactionId>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Name> </Name>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

<FooBar> </FooBar> </PaymentDetails>

1234 50 John Doe ...

bazbaz

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><CustomerAddress>

</CustomerAddress>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Name> </Name>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

<FooBar> </FooBar> </PaymentDetails>

1234 50 John Doe ...

bazbaz

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><CustomerAddress>

</CustomerAddress>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Name> </Name>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

<FooBar> </FooBar> </PaymentDetails>

1234 50 John Doe ...

bazbaz

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><CustomerAddress>

</CustomerAddress>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Name> </Name>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

<FooBar> </FooBar> </PaymentDetails>

1234 50 John Doe ...

bazbaz

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><CustomerAddress>

</CustomerAddress>

PPPP

unexpectedelement

Many ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Name> </Name>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

<FooBar> </FooBar> </PaymentDetails>

1234 50 John Doe ...

bazbaz

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><CustomerAddress>

</CustomerAddress>

PPPP

PaymentActionmissing

Many ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Name> </Name>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

<FooBar> </FooBar> </PaymentDetails>

1234 50 John Doe ...

bazbaz

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><CustomerAddress>

</CustomerAddress>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange

1. Messagewith wrong

fail

structure

PaymentActionmissing

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

</PaymentDetailsItem> <PaymentAction> </PaymentAction> </PaymentDetails>

<Token> </Token> <OrderTotal> </OrderTotal> <PaymentDetailsItem> 5

123450

4 61

Sale

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

</PaymentDetailsItem> <PaymentAction> </PaymentAction> </PaymentDetails>

<Token> </Token> <OrderTotal> </OrderTotal> <PaymentDetailsItem> 5

123450

4 61

Sale

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 5678<Token> </Token>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

</PaymentDetailsItem> <PaymentAction> </PaymentAction> </PaymentDetails>

<Token> </Token> <OrderTotal> </OrderTotal> <PaymentDetailsItem> 5

123450

4 61

Sale

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 5678<Token> </Token>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

</PaymentDetailsItem> <PaymentAction> </PaymentAction> </PaymentDetails>

<Token> </Token> <OrderTotal> </OrderTotal> <PaymentDetailsItem> 5

123450

4 61

Sale

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 5678<Token> </Token>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

</PaymentDetailsItem> <PaymentAction> </PaymentAction> </PaymentDetails>

<Token> </Token> <OrderTotal> </OrderTotal> <PaymentDetailsItem> 5

123450

4 61

Sale

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 5678<Token> </Token>

PPPP

should beequal

Many ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

</PaymentDetailsItem> <PaymentAction> </PaymentAction> </PaymentDetails>

<Token> </Token> <OrderTotal> </OrderTotal> <PaymentDetailsItem> 5

123450

4 61

Sale

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 5678<Token> </Token>

PPPP

should beequal

Many ways to make the exchange

2. Messagewith goodstructure

fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails>

</PaymentDetailsItem> <PaymentAction> </PaymentAction> </PaymentDetails>

<Token> </Token> <OrderTotal> </OrderTotal> <PaymentDetailsItem> 5

123450

4 61

Sale

<SetExpressCheckoutResponse>

</SetExpressCheckoutResponse> 5678<Token> </Token>

PPPP

should beequal

Many ways to make the exchange

2. Messagewith goodstructure but

values

fail

wrong

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

1234 abcd Sale

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

1234 abcd Sale

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

1234 abcd Sale

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

PPPPMany ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

1234 abcd Sale

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

PPPP

the first occurrenceof a token must be ina SetExpressCheckoutrequest

Many ways to make the exchange fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

1234 abcd Sale

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

PPPP

the first occurrenceof a token must be ina SetExpressCheckoutrequest

Many ways to make the exchange

3. Messagewith goodstructure andgood values

fail

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

1234 abcd Sale

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

PPPP

the first occurrenceof a token must be ina SetExpressCheckoutrequest

Many ways to make the exchange

3. Messagewith goodstructure andgood valuesin the wrong

fail

sequence

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

<DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

</DoExpressCheckoutPaymentRequest>

1234 abcd Sale

<Token> </Token><PayerID> </PayerId><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

PPPP

the first occurrenceof a token must be ina SetExpressCheckoutrequest

Many ways to make the exchange

3. Messagewith goodstructure andgood valuesin the wrong

fail

sequence

???

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

???

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

More concretely

???

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We want to do, ...as automatically as possible

Proposed solution

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We want to do, ...as automatically as possible

�

Proposed solution

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We want to do, ...as automatically as possible

...impersonate the client, send test sequences to the service

�

Proposed solution

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We want to do, ...as automatically as possible

...impersonate the client, send test sequences to the service

DRIVER

�

Proposed solution

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We want to do, ...as automatically as possible

...impersonate the client, send test sequences to the service

! Check if service does what we expect/understand

DRIVER

�

Proposed solution

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We want to do, ...as automatically as possible

...impersonate the client, send test sequences to the service

! Check if service does what we expect/understand

DRIVER

� �

Proposed solution

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We want to do, ...as automatically as possible

...impersonate the client, send test sequences to the service

! Check if service does what we expect/understand

...impersonate the service, generate responses to the client

DRIVER

� �

Proposed solution

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We want to do, ...as automatically as possible

...impersonate the client, send test sequences to the service

! Check if service does what we expect/understand

...impersonate the service, generate responses to the client

DRIVER STUB

� �

Proposed solution

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We want to do, ...as automatically as possible

...impersonate the client, send test sequences to the service

! Check if service does what we expect/understand

...impersonate the service, generate responses to the client

! Environment closedmodel checking possibleÞ

DRIVER STUB

� �

Proposed solution

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Stub/driver

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

soapUI with "mock web services"

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

Java API for XML Web Services; IBM Web Service Validation Tool (validation only)

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

Cacciagrano et al., WS-FM 2006(validation only)

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

Bai et al., SOSE 2005Bartolini et al., ICSOC 2008

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

Hallé & Villemaire, CAV 2009(validation only)

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

Hughes & Bultan, ISSTA 2007

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

Hughes & Bultan, AFM 2007

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

Hughes & Bultan, TAV-WEB 2008

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Related work

Structure

Stub/driver

Constraints

Values

Sequence

The present paper

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

Control-flowconstraints

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraintsG

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

WSDL

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraintsG

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

WSDL

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraintsTranslator G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

WSDL

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraintsTranslator G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

WSDL

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraintsTranslator

Interfacecompiler

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

WSDL

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

Servicedriver

Translator

Interfacecompiler

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

WSDL

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

Servicedriver

Translator

Interfacecompiler

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

WSDL

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

Servicedriver

Serverstub

Translator

Interfacecompiler

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

WSDL

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

Servicedriver

Serverstub

Translator

Interfacecompiler

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

WSDL

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

Servicedriver

Serverstub

Translator

Interfacecompiler

automated

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Tool architecture

WSDL

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

Servicedriver

Serverstub

Translator

Interfacecompiler

automated

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Recall: grammar

Interface grammar

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Recall: grammar

Interface grammar

A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

S A B | e®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Recall: grammar

Interface grammar

production rule

A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

S A B | e®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Recall: grammar

Interface grammar

production rule

start symbol

A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

S A B | e®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Recall: grammar

Interface grammar

production rule

start symbolnonterminal

A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

S A B | e®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Recall: grammar

Interface grammar

production rule

start symbolnonterminal

terminal

A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

S A B | e®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Recall: grammar

Interface grammar

production rule

start symbolnonterminal

terminal

empty symbol

S A B | e®A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Recall:

Sufficient to express : "every login can be matched

to exactly one logout in the future"

grammar

control-flowconstraints

Interface grammar

production rule

start symbolnonterminal

terminal

empty symbol

S A B | e®A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Two uses for the grammar:

1. that a given sequence belongs to that grammarCheck

Interface grammar

What about login login logout logout ?

SA B

login S Blogin A B B

...login login logout logout

S A B | e®A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Two uses for the grammar:

2. sequences belonging to that grammarGenerate

Interface grammar

S A B | e®A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

SA B

login S Blogin B

...login logout

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

DRIVER

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

DRIVER

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

DRIVER

?

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

DRIVER

1

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

DRIVER

1

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

DRIVER

2

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

DRIVER

2

?2 ÎG

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

DRIVER

2

üû/

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

STUB

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

STUB

1

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

STUB

1

?1 ÎG

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

STUB

1

üû/

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

STUB

?

1

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

STUB

1

2

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interface grammar

G

STUB

2

2

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interesting consequence:

We use the same grammar for:

! Checking messages! Generating messages

Both to produce:

! A stub! A driver

G

Interface grammar

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Sufficient to express : "every login can be matched

to exactly one logout in the future"

control-flowconstraints

Interface grammar

S A B | e®A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Sufficient to express : "every login can be matched

to exactly one logout in the future"

control-flowconstraints

Interface grammar

S A B | e®A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Extensions to classical grammar

Interface grammar

S A B | e®A login S | S login®B logout S | S logout®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Extensions to classical grammar

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Extensions to classical grammar

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

argument

int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Extensions to classical grammar

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

argument

the same x

int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Extensions to classical grammar

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

argument

the same x

®

checks that x is an intgenerates an int x

int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Extensions to classical grammar

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

argumentsemantic predicate

semantic action

the same x

®

checks that x is an intgenerates an int x

int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Extensions to classical grammar

Sufficient to express control-flow : "every login with argument x

can be matched to exactly one logout withargument x in the future"

and valueconstraints

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

argumentsemantic predicate

semantic action

the same x

®

checks that x is an intgenerates an int x

int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Example: generate a sequence

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | e

Sint(x) A(x) B(x)

A(1) B(1)!login(1) S B(1)

!login(1) S !logout(1)!login(1) int(x) A(x) B(x) !logout(1)

S

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Example: generate a sequence

Sint(x) A(x) B(x)

A(1) B(1)!login(1) S B(1)

!login(1) S !logout(1)!login(1) int(x) A(x) B(x) !logout(1)

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

Servicedriver

Serverstub

Interfacecompiler

Interface grammar

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

Servicedriver

Serverstub

Interfacecompiler

Interface grammar

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

Servicedriver

Serverstub

Interfacecompiler

Interface grammar

still missingmessage structure

G

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We have production rules to check/generate data types...

primitive

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We have production rules to check/generate data types...

How can we get similar rules for data types?

primitive

composite

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

!login(x) áá???ññ®

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We have production rules to check/generate data types...

How can we get similar rules for data types?

primitive

composite

Interface grammar

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

!login(x) áá???ññ®WSDL

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

WSDL provides a (machine-readable) definition of a message's structure

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

WSDL provides a (machine-readable) definition of a message's structure

Short-hand notation: (MSL; Brown et al., WWW 2001)

Model Schema Language

SetExpressCheckoutRequest[ Token[ ] , PaymentDetails[ OrderTotal[ ], PaymentDetailsItem[ Number[ ], Quantity[ ] ] ]]

string

int

intint

{0,1}

{1,8}{0,8}

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

WSDL provides a (machine-readable) definition of a message's structure

Short-hand notation: (MSL; Brown et al., WWW 2001)

Model Schema Language

<SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

</SetExpressCheckoutRequest>

<PaymentDetails

</PaymentDetailsItem><PaymentAction> </PaymentAction>

</PaymentDetails>

> 1234 50 456 1 Sale

<Token> </Token><OrderTotal> </OrderTotal><PaymentDetailsItem><Number> </Number><Quantity> </Quantity>

SetExpressCheckoutRequest[ Token[ ] , PaymentDetails[ OrderTotal[ ], PaymentDetailsItem[ Number[ ], Quantity[ ] ] ]]

string

int

intint

{0,1}

{1,8}{0,8}

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We build a (recursive) mapping p from MSL constructs to sets of production rules

Example:

Mapping for other MSL constructs: see the paper (straightforward)

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

p[[Element[e] ]] ={0,1}

® ááx=nullññ |ááx=new Element();ññ

Element(x)È p[[e(x)]]{ }

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraintsG

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraintsG

WSDL

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraintsG

WSDL(MSL)

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraintsG

WSDL(MSL)

Translator

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

WSDL(MSL)

Translator G

® ááx=new Login();ññ logininside(x,y)!login(x)

® ááy=new UserId(); x.userId=y;ññ...

logininside(x,y)

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

Interfacegrammar

Control-flowconstraints

®A(x) !login(x) S | S !login(x)®B(x) !logout(x) S | S !logout(x)®

® int(x) A(x) B(x) | eS

int(x) ááx=0ññ | ááx=1ññ | ...®

WSDL(MSL)

Translator G

® ááx=new Login();ññ logininside(x,y)!login(x)

® ááy=new UserId(); x.userId=y;ññ...

logininside(x,y)

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

® ááx=new Login();ññ logininside(x,y)!login(x)

From WSDL to interface grammar rules

Java code, classesprovided by Apache Axis

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We extracted interface grammars for two real-world web services:

Experimental results

E-Commerce ServiceExpress Checkout

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We extracted interface grammars for two real-world web services:

Java/Axis driver generated test sequences to the actual service

Experimental results

E-Commerce ServiceExpress Checkout

�

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

We extracted interface grammars for two real-world web services:

Java/Axis driver generated test sequences to the actual service

Pair Java client/Java stub model checked with Java Pathfinder

Experimental results

E-Commerce ServiceExpress Checkout

�

�

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

! Driver message generation time: 1 sec./message! Typical test sequence: ! Found between implementation and

documentation

! Multiple contract violations found in sample client using Java Pathfinder

! Maximum checking time: / memory! Found between impl. and doc. with driver

5 seconds2 mismatches

20 sec. 43 MB2 mismatches

Experimental results

Hallé, Hughes, Bultan, Alkhalaf

1. Long-running WS interactions involve constraints overmessage , and

2. We developed interface grammars to model these constraintsin a uniform notation

3. Using the same IG, we can generate a service and a client to perform model checking / test

generation

4. We tested the approach with two real-worldWS and found betweendocumentation and implementation

structure values sequence

automaticallystub driver

mismatches

Take-home points

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