general metabolism

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How the nut rients that we are ingest ing

daily become part o f our body and allowgrowth to occur (what  is the f at e of thesugar, f at , prot ein and nucleic acids that 

ent er our body along with the food ?)

Why do we become f at  by only eat ingsugar?

What  is the molecular nat ure of the large

number of  genet ic diseases? How can we f ind ways to prevent and t reat them?

What does O2 do for us?

How do the various living organisms

´produceµ and ´consumeµ energy? «

Did you ever ask these questions?Did you ever ask these questions?

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Met abolismThe tot alit y of  the

t ransformat ion of biomolecules (matt er) and energy

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Definition of Metabolism

The ent ire highly int egrat ed andregulat ed network of  chemicalt ransformat ions (as st epwise met abolicpathways cat alyzed by many enzymes)

occurring in a living organism (through

which cells ext ract  energy and reducingpower f rom its environment , as well as

synthesize the building blocks of  its

macromolecules and then themacromolecules themselves).

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Metabolism is categorized into two types

Cat abolism (degradat ion): larger

molecules (nut rients and cell

const it uents) are broken down (oft en via

exergonic react ions) to salvage (reuse)their components or/and to generat e

energy.

Anab

oli

sm(bi

osyn

the

sis

):Th

e generat io

nof  biomolecules f rom simpler

components (oft en via endergonic

react ions).

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Major Roles of Metabolism

Ext ract energy and reducing power(oxidat ive degradat ion of nut rients).

Generat ion (int erconversion) of all

the biomolecules  for a livingorganism.

Thus comes the t erm 

´Dynamic Biochemist ryµ

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(Fuels)

Extract energy and reducing power

 ATP: Energy currency

Generate all biomolecules

The role of Metabolism

 Also for mobility,transport of nutrients

and so on.

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General Features of Metabolism

Occurs in speci f ic cellular (t issue and organ)locat ions as a series of enzyme-cat alyzed linear,branched or circular react ions, or pathways.

Highly coupled and int erconnect ed.

Highly regulat ed (oft en reciprocally) to achievethe best economy (´Balanced supply anddemandµ).

The number of  react ions is large (over 1000),

however, the number of  t ypes of react ions is relat ively small.

Well conserved during evolut ion: re f lect ing theunit y of  the li f e phenomena (´what  happens in

bact eria

happen

sin

hu

man beingµ).

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