general chemistry 1
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General Chemistry 1
2nd semester, AY 2007-2008MWF 12:30-1:30 pm, C-109
Is this Chemistry?
Before we proceed
School of Science and EngineeringDepartment of Chemistry
Karen ManalastasSchmitt Hall, C-116 (426-6001 loc. 5633)Consultation hours: MWF, 10:30-11:30 pmEmail: kgmanalastas@yahoo.comWebsite: kmanalastas.wordpress.com
Description and Objectives
• This course is designed to give you a firm background in the natural sciences, and in chemistry in particular
• Become familiar with the fundamentals of the scientific method, and the classification, properties, structure and reactivity of matter
• Critical thinking skills• Basic skills in chemical calculations
Suggested references
• Brown, T.L., LeMay, H.E., and B.E. Bursten. Chemistry : The Central Science 6th/7th/8th/9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International Inc.
• Hill, J. W. and D. K. Kolb. Chemistry for Changing Times, 7th, 10th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, c.1995.
• Snyder, C.H. The Extraordinary Chemistry of Ordinary Things. 2nd/3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• ++And other readings and supplements to be given in class or to be borrowed from the Reserve Section of the Rizal Library under my name.
Requirements and Grading
• 60% long exams (4)• 10% quizzes,
problem sets• 10% group project• 20% final exam
• Exemptions: class standing of at least B+; risk-free
LETTER GRADE
NUMERICAL EQUIVALENT
A ≥ 92.00
B+ 87.00 – 91.99
B 80.00 – 86.99
C+ 75.00 – 79.99
C 68.00 – 74.99
D 60.00 – 67.99
F BELOW 60
Some concerns
• Attendance: at most 9 cuts• Quizzes: may or may not be
announced. Always bring scientific calculator
• Intellectual honesty• Use of cell phones, PDAs, laptops• Eating and drinking
Consultation hours
• MWF, 10:30-11:30 pm, or by appointment
• Schmitt Hall, C-116
Chemistry
The Central Science
Why study chemistry?
• Chemistry deals with matter• We matter!
Some burning questions
• Why do fuels burn (while water does not)?
LZ 129 Hindenburg
• Zeppelin: largest aircraft ever built.
1937 disaster
Other questions
• Why does water turn into ice?
Other questions
• What makes certain foods taste the way they do? What is the basis of taste?
Would you eat this? -Terpinolene, Ethyl butanoate, 3-Carene, Ethyl
acetate, Ethyl 2-butenoate, -Terpinene, -Thujene, Dimethyl sulfide, Limonene, -Phellandrene, Myrcene, p-Cymen-8-ol, -Caryophyllene, cis-3-Hexene-1-ol, hexadecyl acetate, 5-Butyldihydro-3H-2-furanone, trans-2-hexenal, Ethyl tetradeconaoate, -Humulene, sabinene, 2-Carene, Camphene, Ethyl octanoate, 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylbenzene 1-Hexanol, -terpinene, hexanal, Ethyl hexadecanoate, -Copaene, Hexadecanal, Ethanol, Ethyl propionate, Dihydro-5-hexyl-3H-2-furanone, Carveol, Geranial, Ethyl decanoate, Furfural, Butyl acetate, Methyl butanoate, 2,3, Pentanedione, 1,1, diethoxyethane, pentadecanal, Butyl formate, 1-Butanol, 5-Methylfurfural, Ethyl dodecanoate, 2-Acetylfuran, 2 Methyl-1-butanol, 4-Methylacetophenoen, Acetaldehyde, Cyclohexane
MangoMango
Some burning questions
• How does hair rebonding work?
Before After
Some burning questions
• If we’re 99% homologous with them, why are we so different from chimps?
Also…
• We live in a chemically-dependent world
• Critical thinking involved in science is useful to learn in life
Some useful developments
• Sucralose, marketed as Splenda• Teflon
Chemistry as a science
• The scientific method
Don’t try this at home…
• Tate & Lyle, a British sugar company and Queen’s College
• Adding laboratory chemicals to sucrose (table sugar)
• Shashikant Phadnis, a research assitant, was asked to test a chemical
• He misheard it as taste!
He tasted it???
• It tasted sweet• the discovery of sucralose
(Splenda)
The scientific method
• Observation• The substance tasted very sweet.
• Statement of the problem• Why was it sweet? Is it safe for human
consumption?
• Hypothesis• Because of its particular structure, it
reacts with taste receptors in the tongue similar to sucrose
The scientific method
• Experimentation• Characterization of the molecule, toxicity tests
• Observations and analysis
• Conclusions• Similar structure, not particularly toxic
• Application – artificial sweetener
sucralose Table sugar
Chemistry as a science
• Science depends on observable, and measurable phenomena
• Accurate and honest data collection is paramount
Teflon
• In 1938, Roy J. Plunkett, a researcher at DuPont makes a curious observation: A tank of the gaseous compound tetrafluoroethylene, CF2=CF2, that was supposed to be full had no gas in it.
• He found that the inside of the tank was coated with a white waxy substance that was remarkably unreactive toward even the most corrosive chemical reagents.
Scientific method
• Observation• Statement of the Problem• Hypothesis• Experiment• Observations and Analysis• Drawing Conclusions• Finding Applications
Applications
• Cooking materials, space vessels
• Uranium hexafluoride is corrosive
• Science is merely a tool
What then is chemistry?
• Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties and changes of matter
• Matter• Anything that has mass
and occupies space
For next meeting
• FRONT: • (Paste pic on the UPPER RIGHT CORNER)• USE ONE LINE EACH:• -NICKNAME• -FAMILY NAME, FIRST NAME• -ID No., COURSE, BLOCK, Indicate if you’re a
scholar• -Mobile No., Home No. (for emergencies only)• -e-mail address (yahoogroup-access capable)• -Birthday• -High School, Final HS Chemistry Grade• -Favorite Chem Topic• -Least Favorite Chem Topic
Index card
• BACK:• -General Interests• -What career path you plan to
take after college (even a tentative, initial dream will do )
• -1st Sem Class Schedule (does not have to be in table form)
Homework
• Complete your index cards properly. Choose your final seat.
• I will post a hand-out on MEASUREMENT and UNCERTAINTY. Read this. Exercises are not to be passed. Clarifications must be made at the start of the next class.
• Read about the following topics:• Classification of matter
• In terms of state• In terms of composition
• Properties of Matter; Changes of Matter
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