ge power & water energy efficient power plant solutions ... · © 2013, general electric...
Post on 21-Jul-2018
214 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
© 2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
GE Power & Water
© 2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Aileen Barton
Energy efficient power
plant solutions with
opportunity fuels
Platts Caribbean Conference • January 24-25, 2013 • Nassau, Bahamas
2
© 2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
© General Electric Company, 2013.
GE Proprietary Information - The information contained in this document is General Electric Company (GE) proprietary information. It is the property of GE and shall not be used, disclosed to others or reproduced without the express written consent of GE, including, but without limitation, it is not to be used in the creation. manufacture. development, or derivation of any repairs, modifications, spare parts, or configuration changes or to obtain government or regulatory approval to do so, if consent is given for reproduction in whole or in part, this notice and the notice set forth on each page of this document shall appear in any such reproduction in whole or in part. The information contained in this document may also be controlled by the US export control laws. Unauthorized export or re-export is prohibited.
3
© 2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Hydrocarbon consumption 2011 all sectors … energy, transportation
Hydrocarbon consumption, 2011 Million Tonnes Oil Equivalent
10,522 Total
41.2% 31.5% 27.3%
Million Tonnes Oil Equivalent, 2011
Source: BP 2011
4
© 2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Forecasted growth and demand shifts
Hydrocarbon substitution predicted in the OECD
Source: BP 2012
5
© 2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
US Gas
… But this could change tomorrow
Sources: EIA, Platts
Asia LNG Oil $/MMBtu $/MMBtu $/BBL
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
'06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
'06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12
Decade lows
New peaks
$2.50
$15.80
WTI US Oil Brent EU Oil
Shifting constraints and opportunities
Gas supply constraint lifted
Nuclear constraints
Intensify
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
'06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12
$110
Geopolitics
Policy constraints on Iran erupt into an oil shock
Economic slowdown
constrains oil demand
EU Crisis
Shale gas Fukushima
6 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
North America
• Shale gas • Coal syngas
• Carbon capture
• Bio-fuels
• Refinery off-gas
Latin America • Ethanol
• Heavy fuels
• Syngas
W. Europe
• LNG Wide Wobbe
• Coal syngas
• Carbon capture • Biofuels
E. Europe
• Blast furnace gas
• Coal syngas China
• Blast furnace gas
• Refining pet coke
• Heavy fuels • LNG Wide Wobbe
India • LNG Wide Wobbe
• Blast furnace gas
• Refinery off-gas
• Naphtha
• Ethanol
Middle East • Light crude
• Heavy fuels
• Carbon capture
• Refinery off-gas
Developed Regions
Emerging Regions
Asia
• Biofuels
• Coal syngas
• Carbon capture
Wider spectrum of fuels used for power generation
Economics driving new look at opportunity fuels for power generation
7 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Required fuels capability … broad range
Sour gas
9 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Fuel flexible gas turbine solutions …
• Efficiency … lower fuel consumption
• Air quality and carbon footprint
• Greater energy independence/autonomy/adaptability
Drivers:
… with no change in the availability, reliability and economics associated with traditional
natural gas operated units
High H2 Fuels Refinery gas Petrochemical gas Hydrogen power
Gaseous Fuels Natural gas Sour gas LNG LPG
Ultra/Low LHV Blast furnace gas BFG mixed Air blown IGCC Biomass gasification * 46-57%
3
Liquid Fuels Naphtha
Distillates Crude oils Residual oils Bio-fuels
Medium LHV Weak natural gas Sour gas Landfill gas Coke oven gas Corex gas IGCC coal/petcoke
Expanded definition of available fuels …
10 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Technical challenges with opportunity fuels
Typical
composition
Lower Heating
Value kJ/Nm3
(Btu/scf )
Typical specific fuels Technical challenges
Ultra/Low LHV
gaseous fuels
H2 < 10%
CH4<10%
N2+CO >40%
< 7,400/3,800
(<200/<100))
Blast furnace gas (BFG)
Air blown IGCC-N2 enriched
Biomass gasification
Fuel flow
Low hydrogen content
Compression
Medium LHV
gaseous fuels
CH4< 60%
N2+CO2 = 30-50%
H2 = 10-50%
11,200-30,000
(300-800)
Weak natural gas
Landfill gas
Coke oven gas
Corex gas
Sour gas
IGCC – O2 enriched
Fuel flow
Combustion dynamics
Emissions
Operability
Gaseous fuels
including high
LHV gaseous fuels
CH4 = 90%
CxHy = 5%
Inerts = 5%
30,000-45,000
(800-1200)
Natural gas
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Wobbe index
Contaminants
CH4 and higher
hydrocarbons
CxHy > 10%
45,000-190,000
(1,200-5,000)
Liquid petroleum gas (butane,
propane)
Refinery off-gas
High hydrogen
gaseous fuels
H2 > 50%
CxHy = 0-40%
9,500-15,700
(250-400)
Refinery gas
Petrochemical gas
Hydrogen power
Flame speed
Combustion dynamics
Liquid fuels CxHy, with x>6 32,000-45,000 kJ/kg
(18,000-23,000) BTU/lb
Diesel oil
Naphtha
Crude oils
Residual oils
Bio-liquids
Contaminants: Sulfur,
vanadium, salts
Viscosity
Ash deposition
Lubricity
12 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Heavy liquids gas turbine combined cycle plant
HFO 380
@200ppm V
Pre-combustion
Fuel Oil treatment Mg inhibition
Efficiency & availability Air quality control
Combustor Turbine SCR, FGD & ESP
Salts • Durability • Accessory upgrades
Flexibility and reliability Emissions
Inlet
Chilling
Horizontal
HRSG
ST
• S1N • Availability • Maintenance
Qualified vendors to guarantee performance
Fuel chemistry
13 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Value elements
High efficiency
Higher lifecycle output
Early power dispatch
Outage and maintenance planning
Operational flexibility Fuel flexibility
Life cycle cost optimization Cost
43-46% plant
efficiency
14 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Opportunity fuels … flexible solution
• 310 MW 2x9E combined cycle w/cogeneration steam.
• Increasing electricity capacity of Sri Lanka by 8%
• Heavy fuel oil operation since 2008
• Up to 50 ppm Vanadium
• Tri-fuel configuration
• 70 ppm NOx (with water injection)
15 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
HFO to gas … the opportunity was right
Evaluation factors: External … air quality standards, HFO price, increasing availability of natural gas Internal … Cost to convert, plant output and efficiency, operational cost, emissions compliance, outage cycle time Results:
Output +5.0%
Heat Rate -0.9% Conversion cycle time ~40 days Emissions <15 ppm NOx Payback <2 years
~ One third of the fleet converted to date
17
© 2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Value drivers … process gas to power
Benefits
• Efficiency… more MW from the same Gas volume
• Operational flexibility … rapidly adapts to changing gas availability, minimizes flare
• Fuel flexibility where co-fire and back-up fuels are desired
Additional scope required for steel mills
• Syngas turbine adapted for lowest heating value
• Fuel gas compressor for low pressure fuel process gas
• Provided with the 9E BFG system
• Fuel gas cleaning – wet ESPs (electrostatic precipitators)
18 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Technology innovation Recovery gas
type Low availability Nominal availability High availability
Flow (Nm3/HR x 1000)
Thermal (MWh)
Flow (NM3/HR x 1000)
Thermal (MWh)
Flow (Nm3/HR x 1000)
Thermal (MWh)
BFG 336 305 499 452 554 502
COG 81 422 66 347 72 379
LDG 69 163 64 152 77 181
Total mix 486 890 629 951 703 1062
LHV of Mix with NG (kCal/Nm3)
1575 1300 1299
NG blending eliminated with technology innovation in the syngas GT
9E BFG Integrated Single-Shaft Gas Turbine & Fuel Gas Compressor
19
© 2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Value drivers … waste fuel to power
• Higher efficiency GTCC power island with improved reliability and operational flexibility
• Economical to convert waste product to electricity
– Opportunities for selling excess electricity … increased ROI
• Prospects for polygeneration
• Other economical byproducts … steam, chemicals, electricity
• Feedstock flexibility … solids, liquids, gases
• Lower emissions … flare reduction, efficiency improvement
20 / AEIC2004.ppt GE Confidential Information
20
Italy • 550 MW - 3 x SS109E
• Power/steam/hydrogen/desal
• GE Gasification
• Refinery residues
• Turnkey - 2001
• Project financed
• LBTU Syngas (~20%H2,
~30%CO, ~40%H2O) … 6400
KJ/Nm3 (~160 Btu/scf)
9E
Refinery IGCC Polygeneration
21 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Solids, liquids to syngas …
Gasification Gas Turbine
H2 & CO
(syngas)
Partial
oxidation
Solid feedstock is gasfied
MNQC Combustor
Diluent (N2, Steam)
Gas clean-up
22 Presenter and Event
1/24/2013
© 2011 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied
or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Syngas to hydrogen … CO2 capture
Gasification “Shift” Process CO2 Capture +
Compression
Gas Turbine
CO + H2O => CO2 + H2
(H2 rich syngas)
H2 & CO
(syngas)
H2
CO2
EOR or Storage
Partial
oxidation AGR & CO2 Compression Steam/Syngas Reactor
Solid feedstock is gasfied
Catalyst based Water-Gas converts CO to CO2
Acid Gas Reactor system removes CO2, which is compressed and piped off-site
MNQC Combustor
Diluent (N2, Steam)
top related