gas to liquid process with heat integration
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Gas To Liquid Technology
-A Simulation Case Study in Hysis with heat integration
Subhasish MitraM.TechDepartment of Chemical EngineeringIIT Kanpur
Brief Introduction:
� Of late, serious need is felt for producing cleaner fuel on sustainable basis.
� Natural gas : Natural choice over depleting oil resources being more green however most of the natural gas reserves are economically stranded.
� GTL technology:
The key concept is chemical conversion of natural gas to longer chain hydrocarbons that typically remain in the range of middle distillate i.e. transportation fuel.
Process steps:
GTL process consists of four basic steps:
• Treatment of natural gas to remove water and impurities if required.
• Reforming of the natural gas to produce syn-gas.
• Fischer-Tropsch conversion to produce desired long chain hydrocarbon liquids.
• Upgrading to produce finished products.
Process Flow Diagram
-Main Process Sections: [1]
[1] US patent US6,172,124B1, Wolflick et al, Jan 9, 2001
GTG
Separator section
Furnace
Synthesis gas reactor
Air Compr
FT reactor
Process Flow Diagram
-Main Process Sections: [1]
[1] US patent US6,172,124B1, Wolflick et al, Jan 9, 2001
GTG
Separator section
Furnace
Synthesis gas reactor
Air Compr
FT reactor
Process Flow Diagram
-Energy Integration Sections: [1]
[1] US patent US6,172,124B1, Wolflick et al, Jan 9, 2001
Integration loop-2
Integration loop -1
Integration loop-3
Integration loop-4
Novelty in the invention:[1]
� Substantial amount of heat generated in the process is recovered through an efficient heat integration system for use in generating steam required for the process or for conversion into mechanical energy.
� Tail gas produced by the process is used internally as fuel gas for combustion purpses.
� Air is used instead of pure oxygen which eliminates requirement of Air-Separation plant.
[1] US patent US6,172,124B1, Wolflick et al, Jan 9, 2001
Typical Reactions:
Auto-thermal Reaction:
� 2CH4 + H2O + 0.5O2 � 5H2 + 2CO
� 2CH4 + 2H2O + O2 � 6H2 + 2CO2
Water Gas Shift Reaction (HTS & LTS)
� CO + H2O � H2 + CO2
Combustion Reaction:
� CxHy + z(x+y/4)O2 � xCO2 + (y/2)H2O
� CxHy + z(x/2+y/4)O2 � zxCO + (z.y/2)H2O
FT reaction product distribution: [2]
[2] www.fischer-tropsch.org/primary_documents/presentations/acs2001_chicago/chic_slide04.htm
FT reaction product distribution: [3]
[3] Simulation, integration and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid process. Buping Bao, M.M.El-Halwagi, Nimir.O.Elbashir, Fuel Processing Technology, 2010 (in press)
Chain growth probability factor Alpha = 0.95
Modeling Strategy:
Process Simulator:
Hysys Version: V7
Thermodynamic models:
Vapor phase : Peng-Robinson EOS
Unit operations:
Turbine driven compressor : Compressor + Gibbs reactor + expander
Simulation strategy (Contd):
� Sulfur removal bed : Component Splitter
� Furnace : Fired heater
� ATR : Gibbs reactor
� Heater/Cooler : 2 stream heat exchanger
� FT reactor : Conversion Reactor along with 3 phase separator.
Chain growth probability factor : 0.95, Carbon chain length : C1 – C30. No of Rxn : 30
Simulation Process Flow Diagram – Gas Turbine Section
CompressorCombustor
Turbine
Power generation
Simulation Process Flow Diagram – Air Compression Section
Process Simulation Flow sheet – Overall Plant:
Heat integration primary loop
Heat integration secondary loop
Simulation Figures:
� Natural Gas Feed Rate : 100 MMSCFD
� Product rate : 9845 bbl/day
� Gasoline fraction (C5 – C12): 23.6 wt%
� Diesel fraction (C13 – C18): 19.2 wt%
� Wax fraction (C19 – C30): 57.3 wt%
� Water out from the process : 10190 kmol/hr ~ 185m3/hr
Simulation Figures (Contd.)
� Natural gas to Air Ratio : 0.85
� Natural gas to steam ratio : 2.12
� Sulfur content in natural gas: 982 ppm
� ATR reaction condition: 18050F & 535 psi, H2/CO : 3.48
� FT reaction condition : 4150F & 34 psi
� Fired heater furnace :
Flue gas temp : 90 – 100 deg C
CO content in flue gas : Nil
Energy Recovery Summary - Power:
Power generation source Available Heat Content MW
Power generated (MW)
GT exhaust heat stream 9.65 3.1
FT product stream 178.5 94.96
Tail gas recovery from FT product 117 15.45
Heat extracted from GT exhaust, ATR and FTR product stream utilized through heat integrated system to generate steam and power.
Steam generation source kmol/hr
E-31 10910
Energy Recovery Summary – Tail gas:
Tail gas consumers Kmol/hr
GT combustor 482
Fired heater FH-26 894
Steam Boiler - 64 3600
Steam Super-heater - 65 1100
Tail Gas Source Generation rate (Kmol/hr)
Internal consumption(Kmol/hr)
LHV (MJ/m3)
SEP 42A,B,E 10580 6071 7.68
SEP 42C,D,F,G 12 0 13.1
Tail gas recovery : 57.4%
Balance tail gas can be sold out to adjacent facility.
Cooling duty requirement:
Cooling consumers
MW
GTG Condenser E-101
12.98
Process Air Compressor inter-stage coolers
5.81
FT product cooler (C-41)
58.33
K66 turbine exhaust cooler
271.2
Total CW duty requirement
348.32 MW
Summary:
� A GTL plant simulation study is carried out based on the flow scheme obtained from Ref 1.
� The simulation is done for 100 mmscfd natural gas feed rate which produces 9845 bbl/day syn-fuel.
� Heat integration results into 113.5 MW power generation along with complete steam requirement for the process.
� ~57% tail gas utilized as fuel gas in the process itself. Balance gas can be sold out to any adjacent facility.
� Water generated by the process can be used for cooling water make up in the process itself.
Thanks
for
your attention!
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