g. fanourakis – hep2013 – chios george k. fanourakis institute of nuclear & particle physics...
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G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
George K. FanourakisInstitute of Nuclear & Particle Physics (INPP) – NCSR ‘Demokritos’
Gaseous Detectors for Particle, Nuclear and
Astroparticle Physics
Collaborative projects among:INPP– NCSR ‘Demokritos’ (Particle and Nuclear Physics groups)Saclay – France (Instrumentation and Nuclear Physics groups)CERN (Instrumentation group)Brookhaven lab (srEDM group)Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Particle Physics group)Hellenic Open University (Particle Physics group)University of Zaragoza - Spain (Particle Physics group)
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Micromegas principle of operation
Micro mesh gaseous structure
Hole dia: 50μm pitch: 100μm
Spacers > 50μm
or pads
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Micromesh
pillars (spacers)
Micromegas 3D layout
• Excellent position resolution• Good energy resolution• Very low background• Excellent stability• Radiation hard• Cheap• Variety of applications (X-rays, tracking, neutron det. , TPC detector, Visible photon det. )
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
+ more nuclear applications• α-capture reactions relevant to stellar nucleosynthesis• Measurements of stopping power of heavy elements
Interest: Characterize Neutron induced Fission fragments i.e. Fission fragment properties (Mass, Charge, kinetic Energy) Both fragments should be observed e.g.
• We need a twin detector on a back to back configuration with the Fission target in the middle
FIDIASFIssion Detector at the Interface with AStrophysics
Prototype sent to Saclay
235 142 9092 55 37 4n U Cs Rb n
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios 5
Prototype μM TPC: Design - Construction
Aluminum Housing
Plexiglas Cage E field shaper
32 x 1ΜΩ
Voltage Trimmernear mesh
Single TPC, Charge and Time readout
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Current progress
The detector (10x10 cm2) is equipped with x–y strips
can be readout from the 2 ends of the circuit board
420 µm pitch X Strips
420 µm pitch Y Strips
Micro via
Pixel (200x200 µm)
Pillar
Mesh
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Based on MIMAC’s Saclay design modified and constructed by Rui’s lab at CERN
The FIDIAS 2D X-Y Micromegas readout board design
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
μM-TPC
μM-TPC
T2K electronics
Inside Goliath magnet at CERN H4 beam line
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
pions seen by the μM-TPC with RD51 test beam
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Intensive tests at Saclay - Results reportedat a previous RD51 collaboration meeting.
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
RL
RLH
UD
UDV
carries EDM signalsmallincreases slowly with time
carries in-plane precession signal
probing the transverse proton spin components as a function of storage time
srEDM polarimeter principlePrecision measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of Protons and Deuterons
proposed for Brookhaven (Y. Semertzidis)
ts
nradθθ(t) 30
for d=10-28 e·cm (p’s)
defining aperture polarimeter targetextraction adding white noise to slowly increase the beam phase space
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
srEDM polarimeter parameters
Angle coverage: 5o – 20o
Event rate: 105 protons/s,
Maximum detector rate: 1KHz/cm2 for 103 cm2 area
Angular resolution: < 10 mrad
(multiple scattering limitation: 2mmPCB for .7GeV protons: 3mrad)
Energy resolution: ~20%
Time resolution: 1-100 ns
Plane tracker or TPC
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
A Micromegas TPC for pEDM
For 5o-20o scattering angle
mm
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
σ0: resolution at zero drift, DTr: Transverse Diffusion constant,
Neff: the effective number of electrons over the pad size
m 670
229.0dC
Micromegas Ar+10% CO2
cm
Diffusion issues
Ioannis Giomataris
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Worst case scenario
Gas: D=500μm/sqrt(cm)Track coming in 5o 9mm transverse dimension for a 10 cm drift
Neff ~ 100 for 1mm pad/strip
Longitudinal or transverse diffusion < 150μm
If the track (mip) is sampled over 9 strips: Transverse resolution < 150μm/√9*10cm = 500 μrad
But much better for a proton or deuteron
Parameters
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Micromegas TPC readout segmentation
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Prototyping
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Data acquisition logistics
1 MHz elastically scattered protons in a ~103 cm2 area
106 tracks/sec 1 track coming per 1 μs
For a drift velocity of 5cm/μs and a drift distance of 10 cm 2 tracks per μs in the chamber
Worst case: slanted tracks 175 r-strips + ~20 φ-strips
~200 strips * 8 bytes (time + charge + strip number) ~1600kbyte/μs 1.6 Gbyte/s Use continues sampling: 25 MHz clock (read 12 bytes in 40ns)
300 Mb/sNote that CMS (LHC) writes ~100 Mbyte/s on tape !!!
If we just record x,y,z and slope we can have a better situation…
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Development of a Spherical Proportional Counter for low energy neutrino detection
via Coherent Scattering
Internal electrode (15mm) at high voltageRead-out of the internal electrode
Volume = 1 m3, Cu 6 mmGas leak < 5x10-9mbar/s.Gas mixture Argon + 2%CH4Pressure up to 5 bar
Ilias Savvidis’ lab
Main contributors: Saclay +AUth
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
A new detector with interesting properties:• large mass • good energy resolution• low sub-keV energy threshold• radial geometry with spherical proportional amplification read-out• robustness and low cost.
Peaks observed from the 241Am radioactive source through aluminium and
polypropylene foil.
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
neutrinos
neutrinos
antineutrinos
antineutrinos
super nova explosion
nuclear reactor coreSpherical Proportional Counter
Can it detect neutrinos?
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
The nuclear recoil energy versus the neutrino energy. From top to bottom nuclear targets with A=4, 20, 40, 84, 131 for the elements He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe respectively.
The energy of the recoil nucleus
Xe
He
Ar
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Response of the detector to the reactor and supernova neutrinos
Nuclear reactor neutrinos: With the present prototype at 10 m from the reactor, after 1 year run (2x107s),
assuming full detector efficiency:
- Xe ( s ≈ 2.16x10-40 cm2), 2.2x106 neutrinos detected, Tmax=146 eV
- Ar ( s ≈ 1.7x10-41 cm2), 9x104 neutrinos detected, Tmax=480 eV
- Ne ( s ≈ 7.8x10-42 cm2), 1.87x104 neutrinos detected, Tmax=960 eV
Supernova neutrinos:- For a detector of radius 4 m with a gas under 10 Atm and a typical supernova in our
galaxy, i.e. 10 kpc away, one finds 1, 30, 150, 600 and 1900 events for He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe respectively (Y. Giomataris, J. D. Vergados, Phys.Lett.B634:23-29,2006)
More details on supernova neutrino detection: Tzamarias talk
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Cosmic ray MM detectors
~50x50 cm2
128 pads
To be read via the RD51 SRS
system
Part of ASTRONEU project
(T. Tzamarias)
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Develop microbulk Micromegas detectors with segmented mesh
X-strips Y-strips
Real x-y structure Mass minimization Production Simplification Large surface detectors
Detector characteristics: Active area ~ 38 x 38 mm2, Cu strips, pitch 1mm, strips interspacing 100 μm, amplification width 50 μm.
To be read by AGET electronics
An RD51 funded project(T. Geralis)
G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios
Conclusions
Reported progress in the design and tests of various prototype detectors based on gaseous detector technologies such as the Micromegas and the Spherical detector.
Use the described prototypes to investigate applications in the Particle, Nuclear and Astrophysics domains.
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