fungal structure - ksufac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/fungal_structure_1.pdffungal structure 362...

Fungal Structure

362 MIC

Amal Alghamdi

4/7/2014 1Dep. of Botany & Microbiology

King Saud UniversityDepartment of Botany and Microbiology

Fungi

• Eukaryotes

• Heterotrophic

• Their cell wall contain chitin, a polymer of acetyl glucosamine.

• Example: yeast, molds, mushrooms, etc…

• The study of fungi: mycology.

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Vegetative Structure

• The thallus (body) of a mold and fleshy fungus consists of long filaments of cells joined together. Theses filaments are called hyphae (singular hypha).

• Most of the molds contain cross-walled called septa (singular: septum). Which separate them; Hyphae that has this is called septate hyphae.

• Other clasess of fungi have hyphae that contain no septa and appear as long continuous cells with many nuclei. These are called coenocytic hyphae.

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Septate, Coenocytic, and Hyphae growth

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Hypha

• Hypha that obtains nutrients are called the vegitative hypha,

• hypha section that involved in the reproduction is the reproductive or aerial hypha.

• hypha will grow and form filamentous mass called mycelium.

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Aerial and Vegetative Hyphae

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• Asexual spores are formed by the hyphae of one organism. Once they germinate they become organisms that are genetically identical to the parent. Ex: arthrospore, blastospore, conidiospore, & sporangiospore

• Sexual spores are result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains of the same species of fungus.Ex: zygospore, oospore, ascospore, & basidiospore

Fungal Spores

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• Nonfilamentous

• Unicellular fungi

• Typicaly spherical or oval

Yeast– unicellular fungi

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• Budding Yeast ---> divide unevenlySaccharomyces cerevisae

• Pseudohypha ---> Buds that fail to detach themselves and form a short chain of cellsCandida albicans

• Fission yeast--> Divide evenly to produce two new cells during divisionSchizosaccharomyces

Yeast reproduction

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Budding yeast

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Schizosaccharomyces

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• Form zoospore : flagellated and motile, asexual spore develop in zosporangium

• Sexual spore : Oospore

Chytridiomycota

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Zoospore-Chytridiomycota

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• Non septate hyphae

• Produce asexual spores Sporangiospores in the sacs called sporangia

• Sexual spores : Zygospore

• Example : Rhizopus stolonifer

Mucor

Zygomycota

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zigospore

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• Produce sexual spore the ascospore formed within sacs called ascus.

• Ascus in macroscopic structures called ascocarp.

• Asexual spores : conidiospore

• Ex: Claviceps purpurea ergot disease

Morchella esculenta

Aspergillus

Ascomycota

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Morchella esculenta

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• Most of the members are mushrooms

• Has basidiocaprs

• Spore bearing structures called basidia

• Sexual spores : basidiospore

• Asexual spores : conidiospore

Basidiomycota

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basidiocarp

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Amanita muscaria

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Agaricus langei

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بمشيئة هللابمشيئة هللا

Rhizopusفطر

هيفات

جذور

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Aspergillusفطر

Chains of Conidia

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Saccharomycesفطر

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Example of unicellular motile algeطحلب

Chlamydomonas

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1- Cyanophyta

Nostocطحلب : مثل

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2- Cholorophyta

Spirogyraطحلب: مثل

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Conjugation in Spyrogyra

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2- Cholorophyta

Volvoxطحلب الفولفكس : مثل

غالف جيالتيني

مستعمرات بنوية

خاليا تكاثرية

خاليا جسدية

Microscopic graph

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