fundamentals of petrochemical...

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•The Dow Chemical Company

Fundamentals of Petrochemical Industry

Akil SahiwalaMarketing ManagerDow Polyurethanes

2

AGENDA

Petrochemical Value Chain Overview

Feedstocks to the Industry

Chemical Value Chains

Impact on the Region

3

World of Chemicals

Raw Materials

Petrochemicals

Fertilizers

Basic Inorganic

Industrial gasses

Specialty

Chemicals

Consumer Care

Products

Life Sciences

Basic + Intermediates

4

Petrochemical Value Chain

UpstreamFeedstock Processing

Monomers/ Base Chem

Derivatives /Intermediates

Specialties / Conversion

Retail

Ethylene

Propylene

Benzene

Toluene

Xylene

Methanol

C4s

Olefins

Aromatics

Oil

Gas

Coal

5

Refining

Petchem

Feedstock

CrudeGasoline

Kerosene

LPG

Fuel Oil

Diesel

Separation

Conversion Treatment

Blending

Feedstock Processing – Crude Oil

Naphtha

Associated Gas Gas Processing

6

Oil

SeparatorWater

SeparatorSulfur/

CO2

Separator

Fractionator

Propane

Butane

Light Naphtha

Sulfur/ Carbon Dioxide

Water

Dry Gas (Methane) Industry,

Residential, Electricity

NGL

Separator

Ethane

Oil/Condensate

Wet Gas ~90%

~10%

Feedstock Processing – Gas

7

• Horizontal drilling in low permeability source rock

• Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing with proppants

• Multiple wells from one well pad

What’s Different?

Shale Gas

8

Methanol

Ethylene

PropyleneCoal

Methanol Reactor Methanol to Olefins Plant

Ammonia

DME

Methanol to

Propylene

UreaSyngas

AcetyleneCoke Calcium CarbideVAM

PVC

Acrylic Acid

Coal to Chemicals

9

DehydrationEthanol is broken into

ethylene & water

PolymerizationTransformation of ethylene to LLDPESugarcane

320 KTA 350 KTA

Biofuels

10

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Refinery

Gas Separation

Unit

Naptha

Ethane

Propane

Butane

Condensates

Ethylene

Propylene

Methane/Hydrogen

Crude C4s

Pygas

• BTX

• Heavy Aromatics

• C5/C6 Non Aromatics

Fuel Oil

Olefins Flow

Olefins

C

C

HH

‘Unsaturated’ straight chains with a double carbon bond

EthyleneHH

C

C

H

H

PropyleneH

HH C

H

11

Natural Gas

Feedstocks

Refinery

Feedstocks

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Ethane Propane Light Naphtha

Ethylene Propylene C4s Methane/Hydrogen BTX Other Pygas Fuel Oil

Steam Cracking Product Mix By Feedstock

13

Propylene - Sources

15

Other Value Chains

UpstreamFeedstock Processing

Monomers/ Base Chem

Derivatives /Intermediates

Specialties / Conversion

Retail

Formaldehyde

Acetic

Methanol

Gasoline

Methane

Coal

16

Aromatics

Key Facts

Aromatics are based around a common cyclical structure

of 6 carbon atoms which are connected by alternating

single and double bonds

The three most commercially important aromatics are:

– Benzene

– Toluene

– Mixed Xylenes

Benzene is the largest and most diverse of the aromatic

markets

Toluene’s main chemical use is in the production of TDI

(toluene di-isocyanate), an intermediate in the production

of flexible polyurethanes, commonly used for foam

seating

Mixed Xylenes are used extensively in gasoline blending,

but also can be used to produce polyester resins

Aromatics Structure

Benzene:

C6H6

Toluene:

C7H8

Para Xylene:

C8H10

17

Benzene Value Chain

UpstreamFeedstock Processing

Monomers/ Base Chem

Derivatives /Intermediates

Specialties / Conversion

Retail

Benzene MDI

Nylon

Styrene

Phenol

Propane/Butane

Naphtha

Propylene

Ethylene

18

Impact on the Region

Value Generator

Employment

Diversification

Innovation

Refinery

Petrochemicals

Val

ue

Direct Indirect

150,000 450,000

Crude oil/ gas

Move towards Downstream

Upstream

Feedstock Processing

Monomers/ Base Chem

Derivatives /Intermediat

es

Specialties / Conversion

Retail

Patents

Thank You

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