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FUNDAMENTAL OF
NURSING SKILL
LAB 1
Kartinah, S.Kep.,M.P.H
NURSING STUDY PROGRAM
Internal Only
ii
FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSINGSKILL LAB 1
KARTINAH, S.Kep.,M.P.H
NURSING STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2018
iii
VISSION
The Nursing Study Program will be a center of excellence of nursing science and
technology based on Islamic values, and is competitive in chronic disease nursing care by
2029.
MISSION
1. To develop science, technology and arts in the field of nursing as part of the worship
of Allah (SWT) integrated with devotion to the realization of the main community.
2. To organize high-quality, continuous and integrated professional education as an
effort to meet the needs and demands of competent nursing staff at the national level
in the field of chronic disease nursing care based on Islamic values.
OBJECTIVESOF NURSING STUDY PROGRAM
1. To become an excellent study program based on Islamic value in the education and
development of science and technology in the field of chronic disease nursing care.
2. To generate nurses who have high competency and noble character.
3. To become a sustainable nursing study program with high-quality governance.
4. Tocarry out learning processes that is capable of integrating Intellectual Intelligence (IQ),
Emotional Intelligence (EQ), and Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) in students by instilling
Islamic teachings and Muhammadiyah teachings.
5. To organize learning processes oriented to developing competencies, character building,
and professional ethics, as well as mastering soft skills required by the working world and
to meet national demands.
6. To carry out research and community services.
PROFILE OF GRADUATE
To become a pious and excellent nurse in performing the role as care provider,
communicator, educator, and health promoter, manager, leader, and researcher on the
mastery and implementation of science and technology, especially nursing care of chronic
diseases.
iv
PREFACE
All praises to Allah, the all-powerful and all-knowing ruler of the universe, for His
guidance and convenience through His compassion.Prayers and blessed greetings may attain
the Prophet Muhammad.
Fundamental of Nursing Skill Lab 1 has been compiled as a reference for Fundamental
Nursing Lab/Clinical Activities or Practices and is one of a series of lab/clinical implementation
to obtain an undergraduate nursing degree (S. Kep). This module is a preparation material to
assist lecturers or practicum instructors to devise study plan and lab/clinical activities with
Semester Credit Hours of 2 credits. In addition, this module provides a tool to assess student’s
learning activities. This learning process includes lab/clinical activities of fundamental nursing 1,
which involves for the signs and symptoms of the clients and the implementation of nursing care
as performed by nurse.
The author is aware that this module may not be perfect thus inputs for improving this
module is expected for the progress and improvement of students, education, and clinical
settings, especially in the nursing field. At last, the author would like to express gratitude for
appreciation and assistances from all parties.
Surakarta, 19 December 2018
Author,
……………………….
v
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................... i
VISSION AND MISSION .................................................................... ii
PREFACE .............................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................ v
STUDY PLAN ....................................................................................... vii
TIMELINE ........................................................................................... xiv
CONCEPT MAP ................................................................................... xvi
I. CONCEPT OF HUMAN BASIC NEEDS
Lab/Clinical Activity 1
Introduction of Medical Instrument ............................................ 3
REFERENCES
II. CONCEPT OFUNIVERSAL PRECAUTION AND INFECTION CONTROL
Lab/Clinical Activity1
Aseptic Technique .......................................................................... 12
Lab/Clinical Activity2
Perform Clean Handwashing ........................................................ 14
Lab/Clinical Activity3
Perform Sterile Handwashing....................................................... 18
Lab/Clinical Activity 4
Apply Sterile Gown ........................................................................ 22
Lab/Clinical Activity5
Apply and Remove Gloves ............................................................ 26
REFERENCES
III CONCEPT OF SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS
Lab/Clinical Activity1
Bed Making .................................................................................... 32
REFERENCES
IV. CONCEPT OF NEEDS FOR COMFORT AND PAIN MANAGEMENT
Lab/Clinical Activity1
Massage .......................................................................................... 41
Lab/Clinical Activity2
Deep Breathing Technique ............................................................ 46
Lab/Clinical Activity3
Guided Imagery Technique........................................................... 50
Lab/Clinical Activity4
Progressive Relaxation .................................................................. 55
vi
REFERENCES
V. CONCEPT OF VITAL SIGN ASSESSMENT
Lab/Clinical Activity1
Vital Signs Assessment................................................................... 64
REFERENCES
VI. CONCEPT OF OXYGENATION
Lab/Clinical Activity1
Oxygen Therapy ............................................................................. 72
Lab/Clinical Activity2
Effective Coughing ......................................................................... 77
REFERENCES
VII. CONCEPT OF PERSONAL HYGIENE NEEDS
Lab/Clinical Activity1
Complete Bed Bath ........................................................................ 85
Lab/Clinical Activity2
Oral Care to Conscious Patient .................................................... 92
Lab/Clinical Activity 3
Oral Care to Unconscious Patient ................................................ 96
Lab/Clinical Activity4
Hair Washing.................................................................................. 100
Lab/Clinical Activity5
Feet and Nails Care ........................................................................ 104
Lab/Clinical Activity6
Perineal Care .................................................................................. 108
REFERENCES
VIII. CONCEPT OF NUTRITIONAL NEEDS
Lab/Clinical Activity1
Oral Feeding ................................................................................... 116
Lab/Clinical Activity2
Nasogastric Tube/NGT for Feeding ............................................. 121
REFERENCES
IX. CONCEPT OF BOWEL MOVEMENT
Lab/Clinical Activity1
Low/High Enema............................................................................ 129
Lab/Clinical Activity2
Glycerin Enema .............................................................................. 133
REFERENCES
X. CONCEPT OF ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE NEEDS
Lab/Clinical Activity1
vii
Range-of-Motion (ROM) ............................................................... 141
REFERENCES
XI CONCEPT OF MOBILITY AND TRANSFERRING NEEDS
Lab/Clinical Activity1
Repositioning .................................................................................. 152
Lab/Clinical Activity2
Patient Transfer ............................................................................. 156
REFERENCES
vii
STUDY PLAN
FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING SKILL LAB 1
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE
UNDERGRADUATE (S1) NURSING STUDY PROGRAM
STUDY PLAN
Course Title: Course Code: Course Type: Semester
Credit
Hours
(SCH)
SEMESTE
R
DATE OF PREPARATION
Fundamental of
Nursing Skill Lab
Kep 105302 Fundamental
of Nursing
2 1 4 January 2018
AUTHORIZATION Drafting team Course Coordinator Head of Study Program
Kartinah, S.Kep., M.P.H
Arum Pratiwi, S.Kp.,M.Kes.,PhD
Learning Outcomes Study Program Learning Outcomes
KU1 Implementation of philosophy, paradigm, nursing theory, and conceptual models in nursing care
KU2 Implementation of nursing techniques, principles and procedures
KU3 Implementation of concepts and techniques of therapeutic communication in providing nursing care to
clients
KU4 Implementation of the principle of Occupational Health and Safety, which guarantee patient safety, rights
viii
and work protection of nurses in the provision of nursing care
Course Learning Outcomes
M1 Learners are able to analyze the concept of basic human needs
M2 Learners are able to analyze the concept of universal precaution and infection control
M3 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of safety and security needs
M4 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of comfort needs
M5 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of bowel movement needs
M6 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of personalhygiene needs
M7 Learners are able to perform the concept of vital signs assessment
M8 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of nutritional needs
M9 Learners are able to practice oxygenation
M10 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of activity and exercises needs
M11 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of mobility and transferringneeds
Course Description This course discusses the concept of caring at every occasion to provide nursing care to clients who experience
basic needs disorders, the ability to analyze clients' basic needs disorders, and the concept of interpersonal
relationships with clients.
Learning
Materials/Subjects
1. The concept of human basic needs
2. The concept of universalprecautionand infection control
3. Clinical activities to meet safety and security needs
4. Clinical activities to meet comfort needs
5. Clinical activities of oxygenation
6. Clinical activities of personal hygiene needs
ix
7. Clinical activities of vital signs assessment
8. Clinical activities of nutritional needs
9. Clinical activities of bowel movement
10. Clinical activities of activity and exercises
11. Clinical activities of client mobility and transferring
12. Clinical activities of pain management
References 1. A.Azis Alimun H. (2006). Pengantar Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia, Aplikasi Konsep dan Proses
Keperawatan. Jakarta: Buku 1, Buku 2, Salemba Medika.
2. A. Azis Alimun H, &Musrifatul U. (2005). Buku Saku Praktikum Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia.Jakarta:
Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
3. Alman. (2000). Fundamental & Advanced Nursing Skill. Canada: Delmar Thompson, LearningPublisher.
4. Asmadi. (2008). Teknik Prosedural Keperawatan, Konsep dan Aplikasi Kebutuhan Dasar Klien.Jakarta:
Salemba Medika.
5. Elkin, et al. (2000). Nursing Intervention and Clinical Skills. SecondEd.
6. Harkreader, H., Hogan, M.A., &Thobaben, M. (2007). Fundamentals of Nursing Caring and Clinical
Judgment. Canada: Elsevier.
7. Hidayat, A. A.,& Musrifatul, U. (2005). Buku Saku Praktikum Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia. Jakarta : EGC.
8. Kozier, B., Erb,G.,Berwan, A.J.,& Burke,K. (2008). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and
Practice.
9. Perry, A. G., Potter, P. A., Yasmin, A. (Editor). (1999). Buku Saku Ketrampilan Dan Prosedur Dasar.
Jakarta: EGC.
10. Potter, P. A.,& Perry, A.G. (2009). Potter & Perry’s Fundamental of Nursing (7th ed). Sydney: Mosby.
x
11. Taylor, C., Lilis, C., & LeMone, P. (1998). Fundamental of Nursing : the art and science of nursing
care.Lippincott.
Learning media Software:
SOP of Nursing Care
Hardware:
LCD & projector
Audio system
Course Instructor Kartinah, S.Kep., M.P.H
Pre-requisite Theory of Fundamental Nursing 1
xi
WEEKLY STUDY PLAN
Week Course-Sub-ELO
(The expected learning
outcomes)
Indicator Criteria
&Assessment
tool
Instructional
method
(estimated
time)
Material (References) Grading (%)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1 Learners are able to analyze the
concept of universal precaution
and infection control:
introduction of
equipment/instruments, aseptic
techniques, and
cleanhandwashing practice.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to analyze the
concept of universal
precaution and
infection control:
introduction of
equipment/instrumen
ts, aseptic
techniques, and
cleanhandwashing
practice.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
Class: 2X2X50
1. Introduction of
equipment/
instruments,
2. Aseptic
technique
3. Perform clean
handwashing.
2 Learners are able to analyze the
concept of universal precaution
and infection control: to perform
sterile handwashing, apply
sterile gowns, apply and remove
sterile gloves.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to perform the
concept of universal
precaution and
infection control: to
perform sterile
handwashing, apply
sterile gowns, apply
and remove sterile
gloves.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Perform sterile
handwashing
2. Apply sterile
gown
3. Apply and
remove gloves
xii
3 Learners are able to practice the
fulfillment of safety and security
needs: bed making.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to practice the
fulfillment of safety
and security needs:
bed making.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Bed making
4 Learners are able to practice the
fulfillment of comfort needs:
deep breathing and guided
imagery relaxation techniques.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to practice the
fulfillment of
comfort needs: deep
breathingtechnique
exercise and guided
imagery exercise.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Deep breathing
technique
2. Guidedimagery
technique
5 Learners are able to practice the
fulfillment of comfort needs:
Progressive relaxation and
massage.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to practice the
fulfillment of
comfort needs:
Progressive
relaxation and
massage.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Progressive
relaxation
2. Massage
6 Learners are able to practice
oxygenation: Oxygen therapy
and effective coughing.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to practice
oxygenation:
Oxygen therapy and
effective coughing.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Oxygen therapy
2. Effective
coughing
xiii
7 Learners are able to practice the
fulfillment of personal hygiene
needs:bathing, hair washing, and
perineal care.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to practice the
fulfillment of
personal hygiene
needs: bathing, hair
washing, and
perineal care.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Complete bed
bath
2. Hair washing
3. Perineal care
8 Learners are able to practice the
fulfillment of personal hygiene
needs: oral care, and feet and
nails care.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to practice the
fulfillment of
personal hygiene
needs: oral care, and
feet and nails care.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Oral care to
conscious client
2. Oral care to
unconscious
client
3. Feet and nails
care
9 Learners are able to perform the
concept of vital signs
assessment.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to perform the
concept of vital signs
assessment.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Vital signs
assessment
(blood pressure,
respiration,
temperature,
pulse)
10 Learners are able to practice the
fulfillment of nutritional needs:
Oral feeding and feeding
through NGT.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to practice the
fulfillment of
nutritional needs:
Oral feeding and
feeding via NGT.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Oral feeding
2. Feeding through
NGT
xiv
11 Learners are able to practice the
fulfillment of bowel movement
needs: low and high enema,
glycerin enema.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to practice the
fulfillment of bowel
movement needs:
low and high enema,
glycerin enema.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Low and high
enema
2. Glycerin enema
12 Learners are able to practice the
fulfillment of activity and
exercises needs: ROM.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to practice the
fulfillment of
activity and
exercises needs:
ROM.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Range-of-
Motion (ROM)
13 Learners are able to practice the
fulfillment of mobility and
transferring needs: repositioning
and patient transfer.
After attending
lab/clinical activity,
Learners will be able
to practice the
fulfillment of
mobility and
transferring needs:
repositioning and
patient transfer.
Criteria:
accuracy and
mastery
Assessment
tool: OSCE
Guideline of
Curriculum
Preparation
TM : 2X2X50
1. Repositioning
2. Transferring
patient from bed
xiv
TIMELINE OF FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING SKILL LAB 1
NURSING STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
=============================================================
Instructor : Kartinah, S.Kep.,M.P.H
Study Program : Undergraduate (S1) of Nursing
Semester Credit Hours : Two (2)
Class/Semester :
CLASS
MATERIAL DURATION
(MINUTE)
STRATEGY
I Introduction to syllabus and
equipment/instruments
100 Lecture, Discussion
Aseptic technique 50 Lecture, Discussion
Clean handwashing 50 Simulation, Role play
II Sterile handwashing 75 Simulation, Role play
Application of sterile gown 75 Simulation, Role play
Application and removal of
gloves
50 Simulation, Role play
III Making an occupied bed 200 Simulation, Role play
IV Deep breathing technique 100 Simulation, Role play
Guide imagery technique 100 Simulation, Role play
V Progressive relaxation 100 Simulation, Role play
Massage 100 Simulation, Role play
VI Oxygenation 100 Simulation, Role play
Effective coughing exercises 100 Simulation, Role play
VII Complete bed bath 75 Simulation, Role play
Hair washing 50 Simulation, Role play
Perineal care 75 Simulation, Role play
VIII Oral care to conscious and
unconscious client
150 Simulation, Role play
Feet and nails care 50 Simulation, Role play
xv
IX Vital signs assessment 200 Simulation, Role play
X Oral feeding
100 Simulation, Role play
NGT installment for feeding 100 Simulation, Role play
XI Low/high enema
100 Simulation, Role play
Glycerin enema 100 Simulation, Role play
XII Range-of- Motion (ROM) 200 Simulation, Role play
XIII Repositioning
100 Simulation, Role play
Transferring patient from bed 100 Simulation, Role play
xvi
CONCEPT MAP OF FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING 1
Basic
Human
Needs
Physiological needs
Love and belonging needs
Self-esteem
Safety and security
Personal hygine
Client’s self-esteem
Hand washing and
aseptic technique
Oxygen
Family – client’s
nursing care
Nurse-client relationship
Patient transfers
Self -
actualization
Nutrition
Rest and Sleep
Elimination
1
CONCEPT OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
Learning Objective
=====================================================================
1. Learners will be able to identify tools and instruments for needs assessment.
2
CHAPTER I
CONCEPT OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
A. Description
In order to survive, human beings have certain basic needs to be fulfilled. Although each
individual has unique characteristics, human basic needs are identical. These basic needs
are categorized into several types. One of them is physiological needs (such as oxygen,
fluids, nutrition, elimination, etc.) as the most essential human needs.
Failure to fulfill basic human needs leads to unbalanced conditions thus particular
assistancesare required to achieve these needs. It emphasizesthe important role of nursein
the health care system in which one of the goals of nursing care is to help clients meet
their basic needs. The types of basic human needs within the scope of nursing care are
holistic, including biological, psychological, social, and spiritual needs.
B. Elements of Basic Human Needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory proposed by Abraham Maslow, suggesting five
levels of priority in human needs.
1. Physiological needs include oxygen and gases exchange, water, nutrition/food,
elimination, rest and sleep, activities.
2. Safety and security needs include physical security (from threats to the body and life
such as accidents, illnesses, environmental hazards) and psychological security (from
the threat of new or unfamiliar events or experiences that may affect one's mental
state).
3. Love and belonging needs include the need to give and receive love, affection and a
sense of belonging.
4. Self-esteem needs, namely the need to be respected and to have self-worth.
5. The needs for self-actualization include the need to contribute to other people or the
environment, and achieve one’s full potential.
C. Contributing factors in the fulfillment of basic human needs
Several factors that affect the level of fulfillment of basic needs in humans are as follows:
1. Illness
2. Meaningful relationships
3. Self-concept
4. Developmental stage
5. Family structure
In understanding the concept of basic human needs, there are several
practices/activities that are required, one of which is the introduction of medical
instrument/equipment.
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