functional matrix theory1 / orthodontic courses by indian dental academy

Functional matrix hypothesis

www.indiandentalacademy.com

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY

Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com

Thank you

For more details please visit www.indiandentalacademy.com

Initial formulationForm and function are intimately related

1867 – Effect of function on bone – femur- Anatomist Meyer & mathematician Culmann – Theory of “Trajectory of bone formation”

Initial formulation

• 1870 – Julius Wolff – stated that the external morphology & internal architecture of bone is directly proportional to the functional forces acting upon it

• Modern restatement – WILHELM HIS –1874 – “physiology of the plastic”

Initial formulation• Wilhelm Roux & Hans Driesch –

ENTWICKLUNGMECHANIK (developmental mechanism)

• Benninghoff showed that the stress trajectories obeyed no individual bone limits but rather the demands of the functional forces

• “Functional cranial component” – Vander Klauuw

Stress trajectories

Development of a conceptDept of anatomy – university of columbia (1948-51)

“problems of cranial growth in general and the role of sutures in particular”

Books –“The development of the vertebral skull – Gaven de beer“on growth and form” - Thompson

Development of a concept

10 yrs – extensive study

1960 – 1st paper – YOUNG – American journal of physical anthropology

1962 – 2nd major paper - orthodontic community

Point of view

• ‘If neither bone or cartilage were the determinants for craniofacial growth , it would appear that the control would have to be in the adjacent soft tissues’

Classic statement – 1981• The functional matrix hypothesis claims

that the origin , growth & maintenance of all skeletal tissues and organs are always secondary , compensatory and obligatory responses to temporally and operationally prior events or processes that occur in specifically related non-skeletal tissues, organs or functioning spaces

Basic concept of growth

• Transformation (remodelling)-change in size and shape-osseous deposition and resorption

• Translation (displacement)-change in spatial position-without osseous deposition and

resorptionwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Basic concept of growth

Functional cranial component

Skeletal unit Functional matrices

MacroskeletalEg-endocranial

surface Of calvaria Microskeletal

Eg-coronoid,angular

PeriostealEg-teeth and

muscles

CapsularEg-orofacial,neurocranial

Components & concepts

Concepts and components

Head and neck region carry out number of functions

-Respiration-Olfaction-Vision-Hearing-Balance

-Chewing-Digestion-Swallowing-Speech-Neural integration

Components & concepts• Functional cranial component (FCC) – The

tissues, organs, spaces & skeletal parts necessary to carry out a given function

• Functional matrix – non-skeletal tissues of a FCC eg-muscles, glands, nerve ,vessels, teeth

• Skeletal unit – skeletal tissues which protect or support the functional matrix eg-bone,cartilage & tendinuous tissue

Skeletal unit

Microskeletal unit– bone composed of several contiguous skeletal units eg . Mandible – alveolar angular condylar coronoid basal

Skeletal unit

• Maxilla- nasalorbitalpneumaticbasalalveolar

Skeletal unit•Macroskeletal unit - adjoining portions

of number of neighbouring bones carrying out a single function

eg-endocranial surface of calvaria

Functional demands

• Coronoid --------------temporalis

• Angular---------------- masseter & medial pterygoid

• Alveolar---------------presence of teeth

• Basal-------------------inferior alveolar neuromuscular triad matrix

Periosteal matrix• These are non-skeletal functioning units

adjacent to the skeletal unit.

• Produce secondary – compensatory transformation

• Best eg:- role of temporalis – coronoid process

Periosteal matrix

• Removal,denervation – postinfectively/post-traumatically - decrease in the size or total disappearance

• Functional hypertrophy/hyperactivity- increase in size and change in shape

Capsular matrix

• FCC (skeletal + functional matrices) capsules

• Each capsule is a envelope sandwiching the FCC in b/w its layers

• Arise , grow, exist , operate & maintained

Capsular matrix

4 such cranial capsules exist

Neurocranial capsuleOrofacial capsuleOrbital capsuleOtic capsule

Capsular matrix

• Capsular matrices exist in volumes

• volumetric capsular matrix – expansion of capsule

• Translation of embedded bones

Neurocranial capsule• Calvarial bones sandwiched b/w the skin & duramater

Neurocranial capsule

• Composition--5 layers of the scalp

outer table

--bone inner table

diploic space

--2 layers of duramater

• Contents--brain

--leptomeninges volume of NCC

• Two important factors volume of the neural massTotal neural mass – morphologically significant – than amount of brain tissue

Expansion of the neurocranial capsulePrimary event – expansion of capsular matrices – compensatory expansion of capsule – translation of FCC

• Hydrocephaly-- passive , non – periosteal translative

growth produced by capsular matrices

--The expansion of the NCC is always proportional to the increase in neural mass

Orofacial capsule

• Sandwiched b/w skin & mucosa

• Surrounds and protects oronasopharyngeal functioning spaces

• These 3 spaces (oral,nasal & pharyngeal)are unitary spaces

Orofacial capsule

• Patency – functional unit

• Related to the general metabolic demands of the body

• Respiratory functional space volume – dominant cranial functioning space

Orofacial capsule

WORK OF BOSMAPrimary function – maintenance of patent

airway

Dynamic musculoskeletal postural balance – “Airway Maintenance Mechanism”

Airway maintained throughout range of motion of head & neck

Orofacial capsule

• Embryonic development--originate by process of enclosure

--formation of palate – nasal & oral portions

--Volumetric growth of these spaces is the primary morphogenetic event in facial skull growth

Support for the hypothesis mandibular growth

--bilateral condylectomy – does not effect growth or spatial movement of acondylar contiguous structures

Hydrocephaly

Microcephaly

Size of eye and orbit

Teeth and alveolar bonewww.indiandentalacademy.com

CLINICAL ASPECTS• Etiology of m o due to deficient functioning

eg – mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, digit sucking

• Growth modulation is based upon this theory

• Appliances are used to either transmit, eliminate or guide the natural forces of musculature

CLINICAL ASPECTS

• Palate splitting – adjustive and compensatory reactions of sutural connective tissue and the immediate sensitive response of membranous bone to tensional forces

Shortcomings

• No clear explanation of how functional needs are transmitted to the tissues around mouth and nose – Proffit

• Does not suggest unitary mechanism

Thank you

For more details please visit www.indiandentalacademy.com

functional matrix theory1 / orthodontic courses by indian dental academy

Documents

tertium datur. introduction to a negative media theory1

continental drift theory1

european orthodontic guide 2013-2014 - apo-ortodontia.pt...

wave motion theory1

flash theory1

bernard bailyn, gordon s. wood, andwhig political theory1

orthodontic treatment in...

algorithmic information theory1

diffusion of innovations theory1

app018 transformer efficiency testing and transformer vector...

the periodontic/orthodontic connection: maximizing success...

taylor's scientific management theory1

1 avo theory1

intermediate code generation cs308 compiler theory1

choas theory1

19306 graph theory1

machine-independent optimizations Ⅰ cs308 compiler theory1

lecture notes on statistical theory1

predictability of orthodontic movement with orthodontic...

universalism versus relativism in international human rights...