function variable air volume (vav)
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Sharingour
Guidance
WHYVARIABLEAIRVOLUME(VAV)?
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WHYVARIABLE
AIR
VOLUME?
INTRODUCTION
Developersareshowingincreasinginterestincentral
airconditioningformanyreasons,themostcommon
ofwhichare:
Challenges
of
vertical
and
high
density
construction
MoreeffectiveManagementcontrolofproperty
Energyconscioussociety
Rooftopcondensingunitfarms become
maintenancenightmares
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2008TESEngineering
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X
VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
BOXCARVAV
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2008TESEngineering
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XXXXX
VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
WHYVAV?
Lowerinstalledsize
Lessenergyused
Greatercomfort
Flexibility
Longevity
Serviceable
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2008TESEngineering
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XXXXX
VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
WHYVAV?
Lowerinstalledsize
VAVsizeistypically16%lowerthanindividual
Lessenergyused
Smalleroverallsize
15%savingsbyhavingfanspeedtrackwith
varyingload
Greatercomfort
Easytoprovideseparatecomfortzonefor
storefront(sun),generalsales(customers)
andstockareas(employees)
Dryer
supply
air
resulting
in
lower
indoor
humidity
Nooverpressurizationresultingindoors
beingblownopen
Constant,gentleairmotion
Constant,automaticbalancingtoneed
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and
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2008TESEngineering
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XXXXX
VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
WHYVAV?
Flexibility
Easytoprovideseparatecomfortzone
forstorefront(sun),generalsales
(customers)andstockareas
(employees)
Easytoreconfigurewhenredemising
Longevity
20+yearlifevs.1015forindividualunits
Redundancy
Multiple,independentairconditioning
pipingcircuits
Heavy
duty
construction
Shaftsandbearingsaresignificantly
heavier
Doublewallairboxconstruction
Heavierdutydampers,dampermotors,
etc.
Serviceable
Remotemonitoredmainunit
Remotemonitoredtenantunits
Unitcomponentsbuiltforaccessibility
andreplaceability Electricalcomponents
Bearings Refrigerationsystems
Use
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and
data
contained
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2008TESEngineering
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VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
ISSUES/TOPICS
TenantLoad
Supplementalunits
Odorproducingtenants
Supplyair
Returnair
Outsideair
VAVTerminal
Box
Layout
Controls
Smokedetection
InstallationRequirements
Comfortcomplaints
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2008TESEngineering
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VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
ISSUES/TOPICS
TenantLoad
Spacesensibleloaddetermines
CFM
Roofloadhandledattheunitlevel
50%+/ ofrecessedlightfixture
loadisappliedtotheplenum&
handledat
the
unit
level
Outsideairloadhandledatthe
unitlevel
PeopledensityperASHRAE
Safetyfactorsunnecessarydueto
VAVsystemloadshiftingcapability
Doors
shall
not
be
propped
open
Supplementalunits
Onlywhenthetenantsair
conditioningand/orventilation
requirementsexceedtheLandlords
allocation
Formostfoodpreparationareas
Wheretenants
use
results
in
a
peopledensityhigherthantypically
expectedinaretailspace,tenantmay
berequiredtoprovidesupplemental
coolingand/orventilationsystem
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VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
ISSUES/TOPICS
Supplyair
55Fduringpeakcoolingseason
Resetscheduleonmoderateload
days
14 connectionsat
approximately20 centersprovided
bythe
Landlord
2000CFMmaximumper
connection
Bottomofductis14 above
finishedfloor
Returnair
Plenum
Demisingwalltransferopenings
Sheetmetalsleeve(s)withexpanded
metalinopeningarefurnishedby
Landlord,installedbytenant
Grillelocations
throughout
the
store
&sizedat600FPMmaximum
Transferairductorsoffitacrossspace
ifopenceiling
Nonefromfoodpreparationareas
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2008TESEngineering
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X
VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
ISSUES/TOPICS
Outsideair
Coderequirementsforstreetlevel
retail
Demandcontrolventilationatthe
unit
Tenantmaydeclarethemselvesa
criticalzone
(as
defined
by
ASHRAE)andincludeaspaceCO2
sensor
Makeupairforodorexhaustisnot
availablefromtheLandlordsystem
Freecoolingairsideeconomizer
Economizerrelief
is
in
Landlord
unit
VAVTerminalBox
Fanpoweredwhenheatisprovided
Series(SFPVAV)foraircirculation
Shutoff(VAV)foronlysmallspacesor
wherenoheatrequired
Heat
Noheat
in
Landlord
unit
Demandcontrolventilationto
maximizesupplyairtemperature
duringcoldperiods
ElectricheatprovidedbyTenantin
fanpoweredVAVbox
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2008TESEngineering
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VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
ISSUES/TOPICS
Layout
Zonestorefrontasseparatezone
whenpossible
Windows/sundefinesaseparate
zone
Sensorlocation
Notin
the
sun
Notbehindfixtures
Wirelessthermostatsavailablefor
moreflexibleafterinstallation
locating
Controls
Allcomponentsbythesame
manufacturerastheLandlordssystem
ConnecttoLandlordssystem
EmptyconduitfromLandlords
systemtotenantspaceorjunctionbox
intenant
space
with
cable
loop
ConnectionbyLandlordcontractorat
tenantsexpense
Mayincludezonepanelfor
monitoring/controlofmultipleVAV
boxes
Smokedetection
IMCcommonreturnairexceptionwithvav
boxeslessthan2000CFM
Use
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X
VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
ISSUES/TOPICS
InstallationRequirements
Externalductinsulation
Linernotasubstitute)
DuctbetweenLandlordmainandbox
Highpressureconstruction,sealclassA
4diameters
of
rigid
straight
duct
ahead
of
box
Noflexibleconnectioninthissectionofduct
VAVBoxLocation
Stockroomorothernonsaleslocation
Accessibilityrequired
Volumedampersforeachsupplyairoutlet
InstallationRequirements
Accessible
Airbalance
Aftercontrolsareinstalledand
connectedtoLandlordsystem
Deficienciesto
be
addressed
immediately
Priortoceilinginstallationwhen
practical
ReportissuedtoLandlordbefore
grandopening
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VARIABLEAIRVOLUME
ISSUES/TOPICS
InstallationDetail
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VARIABLEAIR
VOLUME
ISSUES/TOPICS
Comfortcomplaints
ContactLandlord
Providedate,timeofday,
temperature,humidity,noise,lack
ofairflow,etc.
Landlordwillverify
Supplyair
temperature
Spacetemperature
VAVboxoperation
dowewantthis??
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VARIABLEAIR
VOLUME
TENANTBENEFITS/FLEXIBILITY
VAVboxesallowmorezoningforstorefront(sun),generalsales(customers)andstockareas
(employees)withsignificantlylessthanthecostofseparatetraditionalrooftopunits.
Landlordssystemprovidesredundancy. Landlordsbuiltinredundancyeliminatestheneed
forTenantstopurchasebackupunitstoprovideredundancy.
Landlordtoinstallhigherenergyefficientunitsleadingtolowerlongtermenergyuse.
EnablesLandlordtoachieveLEEDcertificationandgivetheTenantbenefitofLEEDpointsif
Tenantseeks
LEED
certification.
NoRTUroofpenetrationsbyTenant. FewerroofpenetrationsforLandlordscentralized
coolingsystemleadstofewerleaks.
Lowercommonareacostsduetoreducedsecurityrelatedandfutureroofingrelatedissues.
Useoftheinformationanddatacontainedwithintesengineering.comand/orthesepagesisatyoursolerisk.
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VARIABLEAIR
VOLUME
TENANTBENEFITS/FLEXIBILITY
NoRTUmaintenanceresponsibilityforTenantsasLandlordwillprovidepreventative
maintenanceaswellasmaintenancecontractforroutinerepairsofLandlordsrooftop
boxcarunits.
TenantsonlyhavemaintenanceresponsibilityfortheirinspaceVAVboxesanddistribution.
Neatersitewithlessclutteredsplitunitsandreducedopportunitiesforvandalism.
LandlordVACsystemwillbemonitoredandcontrolledviaacomputerizedEnergy
ManagementSystem.
Landlordhastheabilitytotroubleshoottenantairconditioning complaints/problems
remotely
Greatercomfort Dryersupplyairresultinginlowerindoorhumidity
Nooverpressurizationresultingindoorsbeingblownopen
Constant,gentleairmotion
Constant,automatic
balancing
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VARIABLEAIR
VOLUME
LANDLORDSHVACCHARGE
$2.50to$4.00/ft/year
ExampleofTenantscostofowningandoperatingstandalonerooftopunit
About$3.10/ft/year Installation($1.30/ft/year 7yearterm)
Equipment
Roofing
Crane
Startup
AnnualMaintenance($0.50/ft/year)
Energy($1.30/ft/yearwith$0.10/kwhelectricity)
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VARIABLEAIR
VOLUME
THANKYOU
QUESTIONS/DISCUSSION?
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