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Sustainability concept map 1
Environmental Sustainability 2
Environmental Research in AUC 2
AUC Green Campus 7
What is a Green City? 10
World�s Top Green Cities 13
Distillation Concept Map 17
Renewable Energy..Where Energy stands?? 18
Economic Sustainability 20
Globalization &The World Economic Crisis 21
The Influence of the World Economic Crisis on the Real Egyptian Economy 23
Economic Sustainability concept map 26
Efforts Done to Achieve Economic Sustainability in Egypt 23
Social Sustainability 31
Social Sustainability concept map 33
Application of Sustainability Concepts in Paper Industry 36
Info Graphic for Industrial Development 39
Sustainability Word Search 40
World of Sustainability
Environmental Sustainability
1
By:
Ah
med
Ou
n
Sustainability
2
By: Ahmed Oun
In 1979, The Desert Development Center
was established in AUC. The Egyptian
government agreed to give AUC 600 feddan
in South Tahrir and 26 feddan in Sadat
City to do its research on it. The DDC has
worked on these two sites, and converted
them from a desert to a center of analyzing
land, agriculture and animal husbandry.
The total investments there is around 30
through trainings. The DDC didn�t only focused on agriculture analysis, but also on the
development of Egyptian farmer�s life. Beside this, the DDC has worked on renewable energy,
water and resources management. Richard Tutwiler, DDC director from 2001, claimed that
the center had major contributions to Egyptian agriculture, like improving Citrus agriculture,
which is exported by 1 Billion dollars per year.
Egypt is facing a great problem as a result
of the great rise in temperature, which is
the world, including the Delta in Egypt. The
American University in Cairo has decided
to take a step forward, and to lead all other
institutions in order to make our earth cleaner.
Environmental Sustainability
3
In late 2013, The Desert Development Center
is closed, after the end of the agreement
between AUC and the government on the
South Tahrir land. As a result of this, The
American University in Cairo decided to
convert its old campus in Tahrir to a research
center for sustainable development. From
January 2014, the Research Institute for
a Sustainable Environment (RISE) will
continue the DDC�s mission providing more research
and training to farmers. What is interesting is that more people will be able to access it,
including students, so the institute will have more impact on the future of environmental
sustainability in Egypt. A Living Learning Laboratory will be established in the institute
to help students and faculty members in their research. There are new projects researchers
working on, such as water management on campus and constracting a solar roof parking. On
of researches that should be conducted is converting the library, which is the biggest building
at the new campus, to work using solar energy. Solar panels can be installed on the library�s
roof, which will save a good amount of money. The institute is working also on major projects
with Netherland and AUB. In addition to this, children will be trained from young age to raise
their awareness of the importance of environmental sustainability. The Research institute for
Sustainable Environment will have a great impact on environmental research in Egypt.
Beside this, AUC has launched a master degree for sustainability, which is one of the
Engineering, Business or a social background with a minimum GPA of 3.0. The program
consists of a master degree and a diploma in Sustainable Development. The program doesn�t
permanent solutions for our problems. Egypt is in great demand to green economy based on
research
4
critical thinking and Entrepreneurial skills, which will help them in facing our environmental,
social and economic problems through creative ideas. Graduates are expected to convert
environmental problems to a business idea and use a disciplinary way of management.
For more information about the program: http://catalog.aucegypt.edu/preview_program.php?
catoid=15&poid=2904&returnto=474
the major problems we face using creative way. The Research Institute for Sustainable
development and master degree program students will help in developing ways of facing the
shortage of sources and the global warming.
Sources:
http://www.aucegypt.edu/research/ddc/where/Pages/default.aspx
http://www.aucegypt.edu/newsatauc/Pages/Story.aspx?storyID=1276
http://catalog.aucegypt.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=15&poid=2904&returnto=474
Environmental Sustainability
5
C O N S E R V A T I O N R E D
U S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y
D E F O R E S T A T I O N C E
Y G R E N E E L B A W E N E R
G L O B A L W A R M I N G R E
S L E U F L I S S O F U S E R
H Y B R I D V E C H I C L E S
O R G A N I C W A S T E S E C
Y C N E I C I F F E Y C L E Z
D E S O P R U P E R U U U K T
N O I T U L L O P E T S A W E
L E N A P R A L O S H H A O Z
H I C A R B O N D I O X I D E
E C O L O G Y F L E U F O I B
C A R B O N F O O T P R I N T
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ , __ __ __ __ __ , __ __ __ __ __ __
BIOFUEL
CARBONDIOXIDE
CARBONFOOTPRINT
CONSERVATION
DEFORESTATION
ECOLOGY
EFFICIENCY
EWASTE
FOSSILFUELS
HYBRIDVECHICLES
ORGANICWASTES
POLLUTION
RENEWABLEENERGY
REPURPOSED
SOLARPANEL
SUSTAINABILITY
By: Ahmed Oun
6
C O N S E R V A T I O N R E D
U S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y
D E F O R E S T A T I O N C E
Y G R E N E E L B A W E N E R
G L O B A L W A R M I N G R E
S L E U F L I S S O F U S E R
H Y B R I D V E C H I C L E S
O R G A N I C W A S T E S E C
+ Y C N E I C I F F E Y C L E
+ + + + + D E S O P R U P E R
N O I T U L L O P E T S A W E
+ + + + + L E N A P R A L O S
C A R B O N D I O X I D E + +
E C O L O G Y + L E U F O I B
C A R B O N F O O T P R I N T
(Over,Down,Direction)
BIOFUEL(15,14,W)
CARBONDIOXIDE(3,13,E)
CARBONFOOTPRINT(1,15,E)
CONSERVATION(1,1,E)
DEFORESTATION(1,3,E)
ECOLOGY(1,14,E)
EFFICIENCY(10,9,W)
EWASTE(15,11,W)
FOSSILFUELS(11,6,W)
HYBRIDVECHICLES(1,7,E)
ORGANICWASTES(1,8,E)
POLLUTION(9,11,W)
RENEWABLEENERGY(15,4,W)
REPURPOSED(10,10,W)
SOLARPANEL(10,12,W)
SUSTAINABILITY(2,2,E)
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Environmental Sustainability
7
By: Ahmed Oun
The American University in Cairo made
various attempts to convert to a green campus
through recycling or using sustainable sources
of energy and decrease dependence on
harmful sources of energy. The Sustainable
Development Committee has been founded to
focus on campus environmental sustainability,
mainly recycling. Beside this, studies were
made to decrease Co2 emissions, which leads
to the publishing of AUC carbon footprint 2.0.
AUCians, who are interested in making
environment more sustainable, are brought
together to change the campus to a green one.
The committee, since that time, launches
various awareness campaigns for recycling
on-campus.
Sustainable campus day:
On November 24th and 25th, Annual
Sustainable campus day is held in AUC New
Cairo campus. The event took place in a
booth in Bartlett Plaza. The day objective is to explain to AUC community the importance of
environmental sustainability, and the projects done to increase dependence on green energy.
It is encouraging students to participate with their ideas through suggesting ways to make the
curriculum courses to raise awareness of its importance for society and the whole world.
8
The American university in Cairo, in 2013, succeeds in decreasing energy consumption by one-
third through a two-year project supervised
by the University�s sustainability team. The
that aims to decrease Co2 consumption.
According to carbon footprint 2.0 report,
AUC has adopted various techniques that
helps in reducing the harmful emissions.
Reducing emissions from air-conditioning system:
conditioning (HVAC) system. The system uses water, electricity and natural gas in this
service, which leads to high emissions. AUC succeeded in improving its HVAC system,
which decreases the amount of water, electricity and natural gas, and leads to a decrease
in emissions produced by the system. A sustainable good solution is to provide the HIVAC
system with electricity from a cheap sources, like solar energy, to save more energy and
decrease harmful emissions.
New trash bins� system:
The AUC has put 12 trash sorting stations
in New Cairo campus. The stations were
put in certain places, like near food
outlets, in order to ensure that they have
the greatest impact. Each one consists of
6 bins with recognizable colors, related to
type of waste. This new system make it
easier for garbage collectors to separate
Rauch, sustainability coordinator at AUC,
explained that sustainable committee aims
to establish a facility to compress separated wastes, and sell it to recyclers, and that system
will help them in separating wastes.
Environmental Sustainability
9
Reducing emissions from commuting:
carbon emissions. To decrease carpoolers, the university has decided to set a parking fee for
needs. By this, the total emissions will be reduced, if it�s used on a wide scale.
Reducing emissions form water consumption:
Regarding water usage, AUC new campus� water come from Ismailia Canal which is 54.5
km from the campus. Through this long distance, a great amount of energy is consumed in
was used on campus for different activates. In order to face this problem, AUC has used
treated water in irrigation of landscape and air-conditioning system which leads to a decrease
in the need of domestic water, so emissions produced from it will decrease.
Reducing emissions from lighting:
Sensors were also installed in classrooms in order to turn off light and electrical equipment,
as long as the room is empty. Beside this, AUC parking area is lighted using LED, which is
campus. Through these effective polices, AUC will rise the importance of environmental
resources for a better world.
Sources (that�s what I read before writing this article):
http://www.aucegypt.edu/newsatauc/Pages/story.aspx?eid=1052
http://www.aucegypt.edu/research/ddc/Pages/Committee.aspx
http://www.aucegypt.edu/newsatauc/pages/Story.aspx?storyID=1267&utm_source=newsatauc&utm_
medium=email&utm_campaign=news
http://www.aucegypt.edu/newsatauc/pages/Story.aspx?storyID=1261
10
By: Abd El Rahman Azzam
What is a green city? We all hear the terminology all the time but have we stopped and thought
of it. A lot of people use the term green city to describe places and areas around the world,
so where did the name come from? The term is a composition of two words, green and city.
Green is used to describe something that is healthy or environmentally friendly; it is used to
However, according to Siemens research project that tried to obtain an index in which cities
found.
It is not a necessary for a city to have all the eight elements discussed above implemented
decide upon which will be ranked at the top and which will unfortunately be at the end of this
research.
This research took people at Siemens three years to come up with a rank to more than 100
below average, Below average, Average, Above average, and Well above average. Each city
Environmental Sustainability
11
is placed according to this scale after taking the average of the city�s performance on all the
eight elements discussed in the diagram above. From the 120 cities analyzed in this research
we decided to show the results of the city with the most concern to us, besides its result was
not as expected.
The above diagram shows the Position of Cairo with respect to the other African cities that
was included in this research. It is surprising that with the lack of services, air pollution,
and tremendous waste of energy we are living in that all resulted from negative individual�s
behaviors, we found ourselves ranked to be an average green city.
Exploring deeper into Cairo�s performance we obtain the following diagram:
12
The following is a quantitative measure of some of the categories studied in Cairo, and the
average of other African cities in the same categories. But it is worth saying that the average
is for African cities only excluding all cities from any other continent that may exploit the
in the categories do not include a lot of other facts that also if included it may have dropped
the average and give different results; for example, the transportation system is analyzed
according to the network itself and not the degree of comfort of the system.
After all these results of Cairo�s performance in terms of how green the city is, it is important
to know what may enable Cairo to become more greener, providing better livings for its
citizen and better environment. We should set milestones which we want to reach every 2
considering solar energy as one of the best possibilities based on our geographical advantage.
Also, we should try hard to cut our waste and decrease our water consumptions using an
intensive awareness campaign to that problem, and last but not least it is easily seen that the
time for large investments in the transportation system must rapidly begin.
References:
http://www.siemens.com/entry/cc/en/greencityindex.htm
Environmental Sustainability
13
By: Abd El Rahman Azzam
In this article we will try to explore the top three most sustainable Cities in the world. What
Vancouver safely reserves its position as the number one city among all cities in the world in
hydroelectric power; the city�s topography allows it to use the mountains and water falls to
generate a large amount of power and electricity. The city is also investing in other types of
renewable energy like solar and wind, as an aim to achieve complete supply from green power.
This city is also a role model city concerning the carbon city emissions; it has the lowest per
capita carbon emissions. They guarantee the lower levels of carbons emissions by having bike
lanes networks that reaches 248 miles long, car pooling systems that everybody in the city
consumes the carbon emission that can no longer be controlled.
Vancouver also forces restriction on any new Construction to abide by the green building codes
they have. These codes help making almost all new construction to be �zero energy building�,
the term is used to describe smart building that are self dependent on the energy in which each
building in itself can produce.
Finally, it is not surprising to see electric vehicles on the streets of Vancouver. The city plans
to have 15 charging stations to begin construction, and in the next 5 years they expect that the
in the city.
14
Environmental Sustainability
15
San Francisco is a place where lots of tourists target each year, one of the main and general
attractions of the city that it�s highly reputable sustainable systems.
buildings contribute in a positive way to the environment and get the best out of the resources;
water and energy.
Also in terms of electric vehicles, San Francisco is considered one of the few cities that rely
heavily on electric vehicles and semi electric vehicle like Hybrid cars. The city has successfully
encouraging the population into advanced dependency on such cars.
16
Curitiba sustainable plan began more than 40 years ago, a plan in which the Brazilian generations
are harvesting its success till now.
The city obtains almost 1 tree for every each individual living in it; the city contains more than
a million and a half trees. A person in Curitiba recycles almost 75 percent of his daily wastes;
the government encourages the people attitude towards recycling by implementing a system in
which garbage is traded with tokens; this had a great effect especially in the poor sides in the
city.
Curitiba was the leading city in the installation of the BRT system which is now used all over
system that goes all over the city reducing the annual car trips by 27 millions. The system had
helped the city to reduce the fuel consumption by around 30 million liters.
Those cities are of great respect in terms of putting what they plan for on the real side; they
successfully accomplished a dream that many cities wish they can have. As environmental
scientist Paul Francis Bright said �There is no endeavor more noble than the attempt to achieve
a collective dream�
References:
http://economatters.wordpress.com/200801/06//vancouver-is-a-leader-in-hydroelectric-power-and-seeks-to-
become-one-of-the-greenest-cities-of-the-world/
17/06//achieving-the-collective-dream-of-sustainable-cities
En
viron
men
tal
Su
stain
ab
ility
17
Desalination
Less Corrosion Of
Removal Of Saline From
Sea Water To Produce
-enegy Intensive Process
- High Cost Of Investment
- High Cost Of Operation
Disadvantages
input
advantages
Saline Water
top 5 countries
Minimal Power
heat
A Semi Permeable Membrane Is Used
To Push Water Through Leaving Salt Out
Fresh Water
-Saudi Arabia
-Emirates
-United States
-Spain
Salty Water
output
disadvantage
Advantages
Vapour
- sea Water Unlimited
- Many Cities Are Near The Sea
- Migration Due To Lack Of Water Is Decreased
Methods
by product
disadvantage
Salt
by product
cooling
Fresh Water
Require A Lot Of
Salt
Consume Time
thermal desalination
Water Is Boiled untill Vapourization
Then Condensed Leaving Salt At Bottom
Build Up Salt
May Disable TheProcess Waste
Reverse osmosis
Remove All Pollutants
By: Abd El Rahman Azzam
18
By: Abd El Rahman Azzam
The world is heading to a renewable energy
revolution that began years ago but still not
yet have came to an end. This revolution will
energy from renewable resources; this may
not be seen in the near future but sooner or
will be present. This satisfaction will cause
a dramatic change on the worlds map, these
changes will be scene in the political side,
social side, and environmental side; in other
words, everything will change.
Nowadays, 16 percent of the energy consumed
by all individuals, and organizations in the
world come from renewable energy sources,
this is a percentage that took decades of hard
work from people around the world to reach,
but the world still have a much longer and
the rest 84 percent.
According to the US energy information
administration, only 10 percent of Egypt�s
consumption of energy is met by renewable
resources, the rest are met by natural gas
and oil. It is not a secret that in this era we
are living Egypt is experiencing a severe
energy problem that till now nobody
decided to actually solve the problem from
its roots and produce adequate solutions.
It was devastating to the citizens what
happened during the last summers when the
consumption of energy reached its maximum
limits and the available power stations could
not satisfy the energy demanded. There will
always be a need to an awareness campaign
that will direct the people towards a better
demand will never stop from rising we have
seek other alternatives.
As a matter of fact, Egypt is one of the
countries that has the advantage of being
completely dependent on renewable energy.
The countries position on the world�s map
solar energy and wind energy, two of the
most important resources that other countries
which they have had in order gain from them.
Solar energy:
The location in which Egypt belong is
commonly known as the �sun belt� area; this
area has the advantage of having high levels
of solar radiations that ranges between 2000
Environmental Sustainability
19
sunshine in Egypt last for about 11 hours a
day leaving the country to have the perfect
conditions for the use of solar energy.
Simply the following diagram discusses how solar energy works:
The process is much complicated than that
diagram but there is a problem associated with
solar energy that to store that energy is not
easy. Once the energy is produced by the panels
it should be used, if not an extra cost will be
needed to store that energy into solar batteries.
Wind energy:
According to studies by Egypt�s New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA), the wind
found near the Red Sea area is perfect for the generation of wind energy; the area experience
a wind speed that reaches 10.5 miles per second which can produce a vast amount of energy.
The above is another simple diagram that shows the process of generation of energy from wind
turbines.
As a conclusion, we hope that one day we will found Egypt from the few countries that may
implement a complete satisfaction from renewable resources as we were gifted by a location
that allow us to get the best out of such resources; however, we only lack the strategy.
References:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/christophercoats/201222/10//egypt-moves-to-kick-start-renewable-revolution/2/
20
By: Menna Rashad
Economic Sustainability
21
By: Menna Rashad
The world economic crisis was the strongest evidence that the world became a small village.
States and, why did it spread to all the world.
Lehman Brothers investment bank, the fourth largest investment bank in the United States.
The main reason for the falling of the United States economy was the market instability due
to the selling of Subprime mortgages to incompetent borrowers. Unwisely, the United States
started buying �Toxic assets�, which are assets that can no longer be sold because their owner
will lose money by selling them, to prevent the occurrence of this crisis. A rash strategy was
of money. The consequences of this blockage were a slowdown in the economic growth and
the process of buying and selling assets. The value of mortgage-backed assets dropped and
was not getting the amount required for the paying of the loans. The catastrophe was primarily
contributed to banks. The main pillar that supported the economy by minimizing risks and
lending loans was the reason for the damage.
Although banks have played a major role in the collapse of the United States and the world
economy, many people viewed the world economic crisis from another perspective. What
22
which was the cause of the crisis. The urge of people to become wealthy and banks to gain
magical solution for all their problems. This was kind of denying reality because they must
that directed the crisis was fear. It was very obvious that after the collapsing of the Lehman
Brothers bank a sudden �credit freeze� occurred in all the world. This viewpoint might seem
awkward after all the previous evidence and might not sound coherent to an economist, but
this is the part of the truth.
In an interconnected world where globalization played a crucial role, there was no mean to
hinder the spreading of the economic crisis. The falling of the Lehman Brothers investment
almost impossible which caused a �credit freeze� in all countries. Egypt, which is part of this
interconnected world, the economic crisis had an adverse impact on it. It is important note
that the banking sector in Egypt was not affected with the collapse which is unlike the whole
world. The banking sector was not involved in the crisis due to several reasons. Firstly, Egypt
banking sector had a limited integration with the world market. Secondly, Egypt didn�t have
�toxic debts� and the central bank had a high control on the banking system. The domination
the central bank had protected the investors and all the banking sector. Nevertheless, the
deals with good, services and resources.
In this volume the reader will explore the impact of the world economic crisis on the real
Egyptian economy, the steps taken by Egypt towards a sustainable economy and what can be
done to achieve a better economy.
http://www.examiner.com/article/global-interdependence-is-the-cause-and-the-cure-for-worldwide-economic-crisis-part-1
Economic Sustainability
23
Collapse of the foreign stock market led
investors to sell their shares in the Egyptian
stock market.
of the equilibrium value.
The total loss of the market capital Egyptian
companies was EGP 234 billion.
Reservations of hotels were in real decline
because the crisis began before the season of
tourism.
Workers were laid off and 62 professions
linked to tourism were negatively impacted.
same year.
24
Falling in oil prices reduced foreign currency.
Oil balance made a surplus $1.6 billion from
July-September 2008 against $3.5 billion in
April-June 2008.
Unemployment increased in Egypt because
the Gulf States ended the contracts of myriad
workers.
Revenues from commodity export were cut.
Shipping through Suez canal was negatively
affected due to the slowdown in the
international trade.
The use of the alternative route of the �Cape
of God Hope� contributed to the recession.
Suez canal revenue declined from $504.5
million in August 2008 to $469million in the
same year.
mid of 20082009/
Economic Sustainability
25
http://www.slideshare.net/levi22usa/the-effect-of-the-economic-crisis-on-egypt
http://www.jewishpolicycenter.org/967/global-economic-crisis-arab-world
By: Menna Rashad
There was an overall raise in food prices
which had an adverse impact on the poor.
which aroused riots.
to unemployment.
Vulnerability to unemployment increased
rapidly between youth and female and
Return of 300,000 migrants.
Unemployment increased in four months
26
By: Menna Rashad
Economic Sustainability
27
Egypt Financial
Services(EFS) is one of the
projects between Egypt and
USAID.
The target is to reach
a sustainable economic
growth through the
implementation of markets
The National Industrial
Pollution Prevention
Programme (NIPPP)
The target is to decrease
pollution and increase
economic output through
the reusing of materials to
avoid waste production.
Environmental Sustainable
Tourism Project
The target is the promotion
of �eco-tourism� by
applying distinct pilot
activities in the red sea
region.
The change from leaded
to unleaded fuel.
The target is to change
the consumption patterns
energy and materials.
�International�Cooperation
Using�Technology
Sustainable�Tourism�
�Changing�Consumption�
Patterns:
http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/egypt/eco.htm#trade
http://usaideconomic.org.eg/project_details_results.asp?project_id=20
By: Menna Rashad
rial
ainable
28
*Implementing Short and
Long Term Solutions:
The government should
guarantee a decent work
for every citizen.
The government should
encourage domestic
investment.
The rising of public
expenditure should be
The reduction of interest
The private sector
should be provided
with incentives to boost
economic investments.
*Reorganizing
Manufacturing Industry:
The support of the
domestic markets is
crucial for the increase of
manufacturing.
The export to the global
market can be achieved
by the cooperation with
global production chains by
enlarging industrialization.
*Restructuring Labor
Market:
The reform of the labor
law No.12 of 2004 because
it represents many obstacles
for the investors and do not
provide working facilities.
The improve of the wages
policy which are not updated
to the labor market of today
and doesn�t make wages an
incentive.
institution should represent
workers and their demands.
2009
By: Menna Rashad
Economic Sustainability
29
Reuse all Things
By: Menna Rashad
30
By: Fady El Sebai
31
Sustainability is a broad term that has different explanations and meanings depending on the
context within it is being used. In general, sustainability is equivalent to the principle of survival
and maintaining the best conditions of living under any circumstances. Recently this concept
has been used by socialists, economists, environmentalists, and many others. However, the
term sustainability is greatly used nowadays by companies, governments and NGOs. These
entities identify what is known as �social sustainability� or in other words, they argue that
sustainability will not be achieved with the presence of corporate social responsibility. The
emergence of this concept is backed to the capitalist society that we live nowadays where
sustainability is associated with the interaction between those who own and those who lacks
their sources of living. In this context, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development
ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the
workforce and their families, as well of the local community and society at large.�
towards their society and the behavior of people around them, and not only toward their own
sustainability is clearly focused on meeting the needs and addressing �underdevelopment�,
others are more concerned with changing the awful behavior of the world�s rich people
through the dominance of social ethics. Other scholars view social sustainability more in
terms of maintaining or preserving preferred ways of living or protecting particular socio-
cultural traditions. Thus, and in general, SCR is a way of integration of all society members
By: Fady El Sebai
3232
toward achieving development both on the social level of the economy and the corporate level
of the corporation. It is way where integration and corporation within and between individuals
and organization is necessary for achieving global development.
The scale of production, the amount of sales volume, and the network of distribution channels
that any company has are key determinants of their success. However, recently, companies have
other social responsibilities that shape and identify their success as well. Creation of value is no
longer a monolithic act within the organization, a well established and successful organization
should have a greater value added to their community, i.e. social responsibility. According to
the Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) Organization �businesses should be �achieving
commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people, communities, and
the natural environment� and include �a comprehensive set of policies, practices and programs
that are integrated into business operations, supply chains and decision-making processes
throughout the company�.
Thus, the idea of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a based on the fact of integration with
the society. It is the commitment toward the community to behave ethically and contribute
to economic development. The commitment to guarantee a good-state life quality to the
organization�s workforce and their families. Through such integration social sustainability
can be achieved. Why? To answer this question, I will quote the slogan or the name of a
charity organization �Because We Do Not Walk This Earth Alone�. In other words, in a life
where materialistic matters dominate where the scope of poverty increase, integration within
the community members is essential for the survival of humbles. Integration is required for the
persistence of human nature, i.e. sustainability.
Does this mean that CSR should be implemented by force to sustain? For sure NO. First of all,
there is divergence in judging the legal accountability of CSR. In other words, CSR should be
based on a voluntary base to be fruitful. It is based on the concept on two important concepts
the society, one�s feeling of duty toward others, one�s social internal responsibility.
Environmental Sustainability
33
SocialSustainability
33
By:
Fady
El
Seb
ai
3434
�Social Sustainability� is one of the most important forms of sustainability, yet, the least
understood concept among the other forms of sustainability, i.e. Environmental Sustainability
and Economic Sustainability. The concept of social sustainability incorporates and covers
major themes. For instance, social sustainability comprises the concept of �equity�, in other
words, the ability to provide all the society members with equal and fair opportunities of their
basic needs and ensure them a good quality of life throughout their living.
The concept of social sustainability is associated with the concept of �Sustainable Development�
which are needs and limitations. According to the International Institute for Sustainable
Development, sustainable development �is development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs�. The concept
of needs is associated with the poor whom the social aspect of sustainability should directed
toward them, while the concept of limitations is associated with the lack of resources and the
responsibility to meet the needs without affecting either sides of the equation. In other words,
sustainable development revolves around the presence of system that connect and links all
elements within this system. This system may be externally affecting the internal or external
environment of the business, however, in both cases will positively and directly affect the
sustainable development of the business.
The presence of various social barriers as poverty, unemployment, and social inequality are
among the obstacles which face sustainable development and which pave the way for the
presence of the concept of social sustainability. The problem of poverty is worldwide problem
that no single person, organization, or country can work indecently to solve it. It is a critical
problem that require the corporation of all the society�s members to solve it. In this context,
the collaboration of business is needed to enhance the social aspects of poor, thus, marinating
By: Fady El Sebai
Environmental Sustainability
35
SocialSustainability
35
sustainable development. Creation of jobs isn�t the only social aspects obligated on business,
contributing to the society�s poverty elimination is part of the social cycle as well.
The other source of sustainable development is the internal one which is associated with presence
line. Within an organization, the presence of a safe and healthy environment where workers can
productively work is essential for sustainable development of business. Sustainable workplace
practices is way beyond healthy environment, it require the presence of social feelings towards
employees needs even if these needs are considered as luxurious needs, i.e. nap rooms, on-
site gyms, etc.. Besides, sustainable workplace practices inquire minimizing the business
costs in the favor of the social aspects. For instance, minimizing the travel expenses, reducing
energy consumption, and maintaining consumption patterns. Through such practices, suitable
development will be maintained within the business and in return will also affect the external
suitable development of the society.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbsb-4J_w28
3636
Sustainability is based on three major pillars which are Social, Environmental, and Economic.
I will demonstrate their application in a paper factory, and how each of them is handled in an
Egyptian paper mill.
Economic:
For industry the economic side is the
most important because people invest in
return on their investment, but also in
order to contribute in to the nation�s
economy and modernise it. Every factory
which enters active service adds to the
economic structure of the country and
contributes in solving the unemployment
problem by hiring workers who work in
order to gain money and live successful
life. It also supplies other types of
industries with their raw material.
supplies the paper to manufacturers of corrugated boxes, and after that step the corrugated
boxes are purchased from other customers in order to use them to pack their products.
By: Abo Bakr Abd El Wahab
Environmental Sustainability
37
SocialSustainability
37
Environmental:
In general, industry has negative impacts
on the environment. For instance
pollution, some examples of which are
In spite of the above the paper mill that
we are demonstrating not only succeeded
in alleviating the negative impacts on
the environment, but being a paper mill
using recycled waste paper as its main
raw material represents a positive impact
on the environment.
Since recycling is the main goal of this paper factory and plays an important role in sustainability,
I will focus on it.
The manufacturing process:
Waste paper collection, sorting, and
baling.
The waste paper is fed to the paper mill.
The waste paper is mixed with water in
the pulper and then cleaned in several
steps to get rid of the non paper rejects.
(For example plastics in juice boxes)
The paper stock is fed to the machine
after cleaning and screening.
The paper stock is used to form the paper
web, which goes into several steps of
water removal.
Then heat of steam is used to dry the
paper web.
At the end of the process the paper is rolled on a steel cylinder.
After that it is cut and rewinded on cores and their size is based on the customers needs. (They
look like cylinders, but they are rolled with paper)
The paper rolls are transported to their customers.
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Social:
The paper mill which I am talking about
does not only concerned with economic and
environmental parts of the sustainability, but
it highly contributes to the social part of the
sustainability through its corporate social
responsibility activities (CSR). The highlights
of that program impressed me and encouraged
me to document them.
-Building good relations with employees.
-Providing Health insurance programs and free meals for employees.
-Encouraging employees by making employee of the month competition.
-Celebrating annual social day with employees families.
-Donations and charity work.
-Building a experimental school as a donation to the local society.
-Offering summer training opportunities.
-Plantation of trees and green areas inner and outer of factory.
Keywords:
Social
-Corporate social responsibility activities (CSR)
Environmental
-Impact on of the industry
-Recycling
Economic
-Natural Resources
-Investment
Environmental Sustainability
39
SocialSustainability
39
By: Abo Bakr Abd El Wahab
4040
By: Abo Bakr Abd El Wahab
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