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From Empire to Independence: 1754-1776
Part I
An Overview of the issues that led to Independence
All power points and accompanying materials are available at www.buschistory.net/Youtube
The British and French Fight for an Empire
Longtime enemies, their final struggle occurred in North America.
The French and Indian War was fought from 1754 to 1763.
The winner would control the Ohio River Valley and access to Canada
Far from home, both sides needed allies.
Differing Motivations….. The British believed the French were trying to
“fence” them in and limit their access to the West.
The French believed that if the British crossed the Appalachians, it would ruin their lucrative fur trade in the Ohio River Valley and Southern Canada.
Native Americans groups were opportunists - siding alternately with both the French and the British to preserve their self interests.
Colonists wanted access to the Ohio Valley and agreed to help the British.
Who fought Who?
Ultimately more Indians sided with the French who were less interested in changing their habitat.
The Colonists sided with the British who promised access to the Ohio Valley.
An end and a Beginning
In 1763 the French surrendered
They lost all of their North American possessions except Martinique and Guadeloupe
The British, with substantial aid from the Colonists were victorious
The Treaty of Paris marked the formal end to the war
The British now dominated North America
They would now try and dominate the Colonists as well!
Review Quiz 1
What were the differing points of view that helped lead to the French and Indian War?
Why did more Indian cultures support the French?
What were two reasons for the colonists support of the British?
How much land did France retain in North America?
How do you think the war influenced relations between the Colonists and the British?
FROM LOYAL SUBJECTS TO REVOLUTIONARIES
FROM LAW ABIDING BRITISH CITIZENS TO TERRORISTS
FROM COLONISTS TO INDEPENDENCE
WHY?
PART II – THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE
REMEMBER THIS?
The Proclamation of 1763 forbade colonists from moving west of the Appalachians.
They had been promised this land in return for service in the F&I War.
Times had changed, attitudes had changed
During the next 13 years a series of events would occur that would sever ties of loyalty and lead to Revolution
The British wanted to dominate the colonists
The Colonists would have none of it
The Stamp Act, The Tea Act, The Currency Act, The Quartering Act, The Coercive Acts, The Intolerable Acts, The Boston Massacre
Sons of Liberty, The Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord, Richard Henry Lee’s resolution, and finally…, The Declaration of Independence
Key Ideas and Events on the Road to Revolution!
Proclamation of 1763 The Boston Massacre The Stamp Acts American Nationalism The Boston Tea Party Lexington and Concord
The Proclamation of 1763 Closed the Ohio Valley…Why?
Pontiac’s rebellion was a united Indian movement against British Rule.
The British had neither the manpower or the money to protect the Colonists
The Colonists saw it as the British reneging on a promise to allow expanded colonization
A series of events follows…
Taxes and restrictions build Colonial Resentment
Various Stamp Acts cause the price of imported goods to rise.
The Quartering Act forces Colonists to provide Room and Board for British Soldiers Tax stamps placed on Goods
King George III is Blamed
The Boston Massacre
March 5, 1770 Sam Adams had
been drinking with some “friends” in a bar
He convinced them to go taunt the guards at the Boston Customs House
The “mob” began to throw ice and rocks at a guard
British soldiers came to his aid
In self defense they fired into the mob
The Result…. Sam Adams has
engraver Paul Revere immortalize the event
Revere adds women and children to the Crowd to gather revolutionary support
Coined as “The Boston Massacre”
Lawyer John Adams defends the soldiers
The Soldiers are acquitted
American Nationalism
Colonists are now more American than British
British Soldiers looked down upon them
They had different interests A unique culture had evolved
The Boston Tea Party
December 16, 1773 In response to the Tea Act Led by Samuel Adams The “Sons of Liberty”
destroy a shipment of Tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor
The British respond by closing Boston Harbor to all trade – strangling Boston
The First Continental Congress is convened!
September 1774 Colonists agreed to
boycott British goods until Boston Harbor was reopened
A List of Demands and Grievances is sent to King George
The Colonists unite in prayer
Lexington
Encouraged by the Continental Congress, Minutemen stockpiled munitions
April 18, 1775 – Gen. Gage marched 700 British troops towards Concord, Mass. 21 miles from Boston with instructions to seize the munitions
Along the way at Lexington, they encountered 70 Minutemen
Although the Minutemen agreed to disperse, a shot was fired (the shot heard round the world)
The British responded killing 8 Minutemen
Concord
Upon arrival in Concord the British found little useable munitions.
The Colonists had been warned.
The March back to Boston was a disaster
About 4,000 Minutemen ambushed the British Soldiers along the march back to Boston
Who really won these first battles?
The British had defeated the Colonists at Lexington and Concord
The Colonists humiliated the British along the march back to Boston.
Guerilla tactics had stymied the Red Coats.
Dozens were killed
Now what would George do?
Lexington and Concord began the Revolution in 1775
What other events fed into the Revolutionary attitude of the time?
Common Sense
Written by Thomas Paine in 1776
It clearly stated the logic behind the Revolution
Should an island govern a Continent?
What good are Kings? It sold about 150,000
copies 1 for every white man in
the colonies
Independence?
Formally introduced as a resolution by Richard Henry Lee in June of 1776
Who would write such a document?
Wouldn’t it be an act of Treason?
The Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson is credited with writing the first draft
John Adams, Ben Franklin, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman assisted
July 4, 1776
After much debate over specific language, the Continental Congress ratified the Declaration.
Heavily influenced by John Locke and other Enlightenment thinkers, it became the cornerstone of American Liberty.
Language abolishing slavery had to be removed.
Review Quiz 2
List 3 specific disagreements between the Colonists and the British
Why were the events at the Boston Massacre altered?
When was the Declaration of Independence written in relation to the Revolutionary war?
I Really hope this helped clear this stuff up!!
Where would we be without the Greek ideas about Democracy?
USAP CH. 6 From Empire to Independence OUT OF MANY - DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
How did the Seven Years War lay the groundwork for the American Revolution? Why was it so
important for New Englanders and Westerners that the French threat in Canada and the Frontier be removed?
How did the Americans perceive British actions? Why were they convinced that the British were
engaged in a conspiracy to deprive them of their liberties? Why did the British start taxing Americans? Why did they believe their actions were legitimate? What steps did Americans take to resist British authority? Why these kinds of steps in particular? Why was it so difficult to build a unified response across the various colonies? Why did it take Americans so long to push for Independence?
And here we are today!!
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