francis water seminar 2012

Forage  Fish  in  Puget  Sound:    Science  to  support    

Ecosystem-­‐based  Management  

Tessa  Francis,  PhD  tessa@uw.edu  

Northern  anchovy  Engraulis  mordax  

Pacific  herring  Engraulis  mordax  

photo  by  Gene  Kira   photo  by  Walter  Rung  

Surf  smelt  Hypomesus  pre3osus  

photo  by  Frank  Varga  

Sand  lance  Ammodytes  hexapterus    

photo  by  Ground  Truth  Trekking  

Puget  Sound  Forage  Fish  Species  

BRANDON COLE / WWW.BRANDONCOLE.COM! Redorbit.com!

Fishingviedos.ocom!

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

18,000

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018

TON

S

YEAR

Estimated Puget Sound herring spawning biomass by genetic grouping (1973-2011) with 2020 PSP targets.

All other stocks Squaxin Cherry Pt.

All other stocks combined target 13,500 tons

Cherry Point stock target 5,000 tons

Squaxin target 880 tons

Source:  WDFW  

Forage Fish in Puget SoundEcosystem-based Management!

Spawning  beaches  in  Puget  Sound  

Source:  WDFW  

Herring  eggs  on  eelgrass  

Pacific  herring    

Jan  Feb  Mar  April  

Surf  smelt  

Surf  smelt  eggs  on  beach  

Source:  DOE  

Summer  Fall/Winter  Year-­‐round  

Source:  WDFW  

Sand  lance  

Nov  Dec  Jan  Feb  

High-­‐caliber  rap  video:  “Overfishin’,  overfishin’”  

pewenvironment.org  

“Twice  as  valuable  in  the  water  as  in  the  net”  

Direct  value  $5.6  billion  

Suppor;ve  value  $11.3  billion  

Source:  LenFest  Ocean  Program:  “LiZle  Fish,  Big  Impact”    

CA  Sardine:  2010               33,800  mt  1985            ~300,000  mt  

Source:  WDFW  

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

18,000

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018

TON

S

YEAR

Estimated Puget Sound herring spawning biomass by genetic grouping (1973-2011) with 2020 PSP targets.

All other stocks Squaxin Cherry Pt.

All other stocks combined target 13,500 tons

Cherry Point stock target 5,000 tons

Squaxin target 880 tons

Source:  WDFW  

Source:  WDFW  

Beauchamp  and  Duffy  2011  

Beauchamp  and  Duffy  2011  

Alicia  Young-­‐Williams  

Rhinoceros  auklet  50%  eat  herring  

25%  eat  sand  lance  11%  eat  surf  perch  3%  eat  surf  smelt  

 Marbled  murrelet  40%  eat  sand  lance  

Data  source:  ScoZ  Pearson    

Beauchamp  and  Duffy  2011  

Alicia  Young-­‐Williams  

Courtesy  of  Chris  Harvey  

Inverts  

(+)  (-­‐)  

Red  =  Posigve  Black  =  Negagve  

Solid  =  Direct  Dashed  =  Indirect  

Effects  on  forage  fish  

RaEish   Rockfsh   Salmon   Birds   Lingco   Seals   Dogfsh  

FF  

Demers  Crab  

Invert  Zoops  

RaEish   Rockfsh   Salmon   Birds   Lingco   Seals   Dogfsh  

FF  

Demers  Crab  

Invert  Zoops  

Red  =  Posigve  Black  =  Negagve    

Solid  =  Direct  Dashed  =  Indirect  

Effects  of  forage  fish  

www.eopugetsound.org