forms of communication
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Chapter 3
Forms of Communication
Chapter 3
when speaking about communication it is very important to be sure about
what kind of communication are we speaking about, mainly: what type of things are communicated, between what agents, and with what kind of
results
Chapter 3
Communication takes many forms according to the style of expression, the occasion and
situation, the symbols and the medium used as per the relationship between the
persons involved and such other factors
Chapter 3
OneOne--way and Two wayway and Two way
The different forms of communication are:
Formal and InformalFormal and Informal
Verbal and NonVerbal and Non--Verbal Verbal
Chapter 3
Written and oralWritten and oral
The different forms of communication are:
Intrapersonal and InterpersonalIntrapersonal and Interpersonal
Internal and ExternalInternal and External
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Vertical and HorizontalVertical and Horizontal
The different forms of communication are:
Group CommunicationGroup Communication
Mass CommunicationMass Communication
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OneOne--way and Two wayway and Two wayOne - Way CommunicationOneOne -- WayWay CommunicationCommunication
Satisfied with low accuracyinformation is transferred in only one direction Not concerned with frustration, confidence,
and morale problemsWants to keep the amount of time involved in
communicating as low as possibleWants the process to appear neat and orderlyMust be competent person because everyone is
listening.Can give the perception of being orderly
because no one can questionCan also give the perception that the person is
confident and that the person will act on what they perceive to be accurate information
Two - Way CommunicationTwoTwo -- WayWay CommunicationCommunication
A high degree of accuracyIt is interactive.Needs high confidence, low frustration and
high moraleNot concerned with the amount of time the
process takesWilling to pay the associated costsThe communicators makes mistakes and
these are pointed out by the feedback.How does the communicator handle the
questions – do they become defensiveThe communicator has to differentiate where
each person is at which can be different depending on the decoding of the receiver.
Chapter 3
OneOne--way and Two wayway and Two way
Chapter 3
Formal and Informal Formal and Informal Formal CommunicationFormalFormal CommunicationCommunication Informal CommunicationInformalInformal CommunicationCommunication
Conservative language is used but contractions are avoided
Slang and colloquial terms, gestures and movements are restrained
It is scheduled in advance & has prearranged participants and pre-set agenda
It moves along established “channels” of communication within the organization
It use un-official, mostly oral and less intimidating language and is conversational
Gestures, movements, colloquial terms may be used.
It may be unscheduled, with random participants, no pre-set agenda.
It encourages flow of new ideasBeing personal carries the enthusiasm rather
than dry, bureaucratic logic and allows two way communication
It promotes a more open climate and fosters harmonious relationship and co-operation
Chapter 3
Formal and Informal Formal and Informal Formal CommunicationFormalFormal CommunicationCommunication Informal CommunicationInformalInformal CommunicationCommunication
Disadvantages: It is too flexible, difficult to apply systematically, can lead to spreading inaccurate information and indiscriminating disclosure of confidential information, often colored by emotion that can distort meaning and difficult to trace when enquiry is made.
Informal—telephone conversations, informal meetings (with “worker”), e-mail
It is official, precisely written, saves time and avoids the embarrassment of face to face contact when the subject is sensitive or painful.
Disadvantages: It is too rigid, worded in bureaucratic jargon, takes time, money to produce, tends to be authoritarian and being impersonal fails to motivate employees
Formal—letters, plans/reports, formal meetings (with high ranking “officials”)
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Verbal and NonVerbal and Non--verbal verbal Verbal CommunicationVerbal CommunicationVerbal Communication Non-Verbal CommunicationNonNon--VerbalVerbal CommunicationCommunication
Communication by the use of words and language
It can convey very complex ideas and is necessary for discussion and explanation
It is more controlled
It is always accompanied by non-verbal
Communication by using symbols
It includes everything that is around the speaker as well as the body language
It is instinctive, largely unconscious, and very difficult to control
Chapter 3
Written and OralWritten and OralWritten CommunicationWrittenWritten CommunicationCommunication Oral CommunicationOral CommunicationOral Communication
It is to be used when the other person is not present
Long and complex messages are best conveyed in writing.
It can be preserved
It is more natural and immediate
Both the parties should be present and attentive at the same time
It has the advantage of immediate feedback and opportunities to seek and give clarification
Chapter 3
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Intrapersonal and Interpersonal
Intrapersonal CommunicationIntrapersonalIntrapersonal CommunicationCommunication Interpersonal CommunicationInterpersonalInterpersonal CommunicationCommunication
It is what goes within mindHas a continuous flow of thought in
mindDoes not follow any particular
sequenceMany of this are at sub-conscious
levelThoughts, views, opinions and
attitudes are part of intrapersonal communication
It is between two or more personsIt is the most important method of
building up and maintaining relationships and of working together.
The intrapersonal communication of both persons affects their in interpersonal communication.
For better interpersonal communication one has to develop self awareness to deal with one’s intrapersonal communication
Chapter 3
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Intrapersonal and Interpersonal
Interpersonal Communication Is a Process(Fluid rather than static---it doesn’t
happen in a vacuum)
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Internal and ExternalInternal and ExternalInternal CommunicationInternalInternal CommunicationCommunication External CommunicationExternalExternal CommunicationCommunication
Movement of messages within the organization is the internal communication
It moves along the lines of authority, upward and downward and also horizontal
The style and quantity affect the atmosphere in the organization
Informal communication in the organization is called the grapevine which moves horizontally
Changes can be brought about in the organization’s functioning by modifying the style of internal communication
Movement of messages from and to outside are called external message
The style and tone of outgoing communication affects the organization’s public image.
The messages coming are to be properly documented, passed to the concerned person and filed for future for future references
Chapter 3
Internal and ExternalInternal and External
Grapevine is nothing
but the informal communication in the organization
that moves horizontaly
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Vertical and HorizontalVertical and HorizontalInternal CommunicationInternalInternal CommunicationCommunication External CommunicationExternalExternal CommunicationCommunication
It moves along the lines of authority and hierarchy
There are formal channels in this communication
More formal
It moves between the persons of equal status in the organization
It includes all the message that move between person of equal status in the organization
Less formal
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Group CommunicationGroup CommunicationGroup CommunicationGroup CommunicationGroup Communication
It takes place in meeting helps in understanding a situation, exploring possibilities and in solving problems because it allows a multiple point of view. It gives the participants an over-view of the organization and
the issues discussed and enable them to appreciate other people’s point of view. Multiple barriers operate in group communication. The
participants have to be committed to group decisions and activity. The size of the group affects its communication. The minimum number is three and the maximum for effective communication is ten, though
larger groups of up to fifteen can manage to have effective communication
Chapter 3
Mass CommunicationMass CommunicationMass CommunicationMass CommunicationMass Communication
Mass communication is a public communication is a one way communication which includes messages disseminated by
radio, television, the press and the cinema. It is used for circulating information and instruction to the people, for
disseminating information about themselves; for advertising; and for propaganda. It has single source and multiple receivers,the content is open to all, audiences are heterogeneous and it
can establish simultaneous contact with every large numbers of people at a distance from the source and widely separated from
one another.
Chapter 3
“Nothing is so simple that it cannot be misunderstood.”
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