first aid for shock by: shayla z. matt s. sara k. allen m

First Aid for ShockBy: Shayla Z.

Matt S.Sara K.

Allen M.

What is shock?Shock (also known as hypoperfusion) is a clinical set of signs and symptoms associated with an inadequate supply of blood to body organs.

2 main organs affected by this are the brain and the heart

Types of ShockSeptic: caused by an acute information

Cardiogenic: heart cannot pump effectively because heart muscle is damaged

Anaphylectic: hypersensitive or allergic reaction causes body to release histamine

Hemorrhagic: severe bleeding leads to decrease in blood volume

Psychogenic: emotional distress causes sudden dilation of blood vessels

Types of ShockMetabolic: loss of body fluid causes disruption in normal acid-base balance of body

First Aid for Shock

Check scene, move victim if necessary.

Check victim for consciousness and breathing.◦Watch breathing rate

Call EMS

First Aid for shock

Provide care to victim

Control bleeding if necessary

Obtain medical help

Observe victim for signs of shock

Signs of Shock

Pale or cyanotic skin color

If skin is cool, moist, or clammy to touch

Diaphoresis

Signs of Shock

Pulse is rapid, weak, or irregular Respiration is rapid, weak, or irregular,

shallow, labored

Vomiting and Nausea

Continued

Restless, anxious, and blurred vision

Eyes are sunken, vacant, dilated pupils

If blood pressure is low

Weakness, apathy, confusion, consciousness

Nauseated or vomiting and excessive thirst

Reduce effects or eliminate cause of Shock

Control bleeding by applying pressure Provide Oxygen

Ease pain through position changes and comfort measures

Give emotional support

Allergic Reactions

Every year in the United States 400 to 800 people die due to allergic reactions.

Reactions cause Anaphylaxis.

As soon as a person is introduced to a antigen they can die within a minute.

Allergic reactions are caused by the activity of the immune system.

Allergic Reactions

As soon as a person is introduced to a antigen they can die within a minute.

Allergic reactions are caused by the activity of the immune system.

Allergic Reactions

There are signals of Anaphylaxis like swelling of the area and redness when the body comes in contact with the substance.

To care for Anaphylaxis:

Check Breathing

Allergic Reactions

If trouble breathing call 911

Get them in a comfortable position

Give oxygen to person if trained

Watch the persons breathing

Allergic Reactions

An auto-injector contains a preloaded dose of 0.3 mg of epinephrine for adults or 0.15 mg of epinephrine for children.

An example of an auto injector is an Epi-Pen.

The injector has a spring loaded plunger that when activated it injects the epinephrine.

Allergic Reactions

After the Epi-Pen is injected it needs to stay in place for 10 seconds to allow the medication to fully empty.

If a person is conscious and able to use the auto injector help him or her in any way asked.

Epinephrine Auto-injector

First step is to find the middle of a thigh, an upper arm will do as well.

After pulling off the safety cap use the black tip were the needle is located and creating a 90 degree angle.

Auto injector

Next in a swinging motion allow the tip to go straight into the thigh which will make a click.

Injector will be held in place for 10 seconds before removing

Auto-injector

Massage spot of injection for a few seconds

When EMS shows up give the used injector to them right away.

Caring for Shock

Have the victim lie down

Laying down will be the most comfortable position for the victim.

Make sure that the victim is not in pain because this will accelerate the rate of shock.

Caring for Shock

You must control any external bleeding.

Help the victim maintain normal body temperature.

If victim is cold try to cover to prevent chilling.

Caring for Shock

Try to reassure the victim

Elevate the legs about 12 inches unless you suspect head, neck, or back injuries.

If you are unsure of the victim’s condition leave him or her laying on the ground.

Caring for shock

Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink

Call your local emergency number

shock

Injuries or illness cause responses in the body to react.

Shock helps the body by keeping the most vital or important blood in the organs that matter most.

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