final review spring 2015

7/18/2019 Final Review Spring 2015

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! Vocabulary 12 points

! 40% of Semester Grade

! 4 Buildings each 7 points

! Name of Building 1 point

! Architect 1 point

! Place 1/2 point

! Date 1/2 point

! Importance 4 point

Name: StonehengePlace: Salisbury, EnglandDate: 3000 BC

Architect: Unknown

! Built in England approximately 5,000 years ago

Place of Rituals apparently known throughout Europe

! Known for the the complex stone work

! Rebuilt many times over 1,000 year period

Location: Salisbury, England

Name: Stonehenge (3000 BC) Architect: None

Location: Salisbury, England

Name: Stonehenge (3000 BC) Architect: None

Location:

Name: Architect:

! Use of the Megaron

! Unique columns (tapered)

! Structural frame used with stones for additional strength

! Use of thin material to cover the rough stone

Use of clerestory windows

Name: Palace of KnossosPlace: Knossos, CreteDate: 1400 - 1300 BC

Architect: Unknown

1400 ~ 1300 Bc

Palace of Knossos

1400 ~ 1300 Bc

Palace of Knossos

1400 ~ 1300 Bc

Palace of Knossos Throne Room Entry

! Use of the Megaron for the temple

! Built like a citadel on the Acropolis

! Use of the Golden Section for proportioning

! Uses entasis to make the building look straight from a distance

! Doric columns on the outside and Ionic columns on the inside

Name: The ParthenonPlace: Athens, GreeceDate: 550 - 400 BC

Architect: Iktinos and Kallikrates

Athens, Greece 550 - 400 Bc

The Parthenon: Iktinos & Kallikrates

The Parthenon - Plan: Iktinos & Kallikrates

The Parthenon: Iktinos & Kallikrates

! Roman idea of the perfect Greek temple

! Use of corinthian columns

! Use of the Golden Section for proportioning

! Uses Vitruvian principle of strength, utility and beauty

! Influences many future architects

Name: Maison Carre, Nimes, FrancePlace: Nimes, FranceDate: 19 BC

Architect:Marcus Agrippa

Date: 19 Bc Architect: Marcus Agrippa

Maison Carre, Nimes, France

! Actually 2 different buildings combined

A place to worship all the Gods of Rome

! The concrete dome is structurally innovative

! Oculus in the center of the dome is the same height (43m) as the floor

circumference

! Coffered concrete roof structure makes the dome lighter

Name:The PantheonPlace: Rome, ItalyDate: 120 -127 AD

Architect: Marcus Agrippa and Hadrian

Date: 120 -127 Ad Architect: Hadrian

The Pantheon, Rome

! Designed is based on Byzantine architecture of San Vitale

! Introduction of ‘westwork’ as the entrance of Christian churches

! Exterior is plain compared to the interior

! Uses Italian color scheme on the interior

! Use of corinthian columns inside the church

! Use of pendentive arches

Name: Palatine ChapelPlace: Aachen, GermanyDate: 796 - 804 AD

Architect: Odo of Metz

Date: 796 - 804 Ad Architect: Odo of Metz

Palantine Chapel: Aachen, Germany

! Original Islamic design

! Uses Islamic ideas of complex geometries as ornament

! Use of horseshoe arches

! Uses muqarnas as an ornamental detail

! Uses gardens and water elements to help cool the building

Name: AlhambraPlace: Granada, SpainDate: 14th Century

Architect: Unknown

Date: 14C Ad Architect: Unknown

Alhambra: Granada, Spain

! First example of Gothic architecture

! Primary architectural elements are:

! pointed arches! ribbed vaults

! flying buttresses

Shows the Gothic idea of God as light

! Use of the Rose window

! Use of Roman basilica form for the church

Name: St. DenisPlace: Paris, FranceDate: 1135 - 1231 AD

Architect: Abbot Suger

Date: 1135 - 1231 Ad Architect:Abbot Suger

St. Denis: Paris, France

! Design uses strict order based on Vitruvius’ and Alberti’s theory

! The facade is cut into the surface material

! Proportions are measured for the human eye from street view

! Perfect example of the new Renaissance style

! Entablature and Pilasters are in ‘perfect’ proportion to each other

Name: Palazzo RucellaiPlace: Florence, ItalyDate: 1446 -1451 AD

Architect: Leon Battista Alberti

Date: 1446-1451 Ad Architect: Leon Battista Alberti

Palazzo Rucellai: Florence, Italy

1. Rose Window

2. Muqarnas

3. Golden Section

4. Axiality

5. Imhotep

6. Clerestory Window

7. Westwork

8. Stylobate9. Ribbed Vault

10. Entasis

11. Mastaba

12. Megaron

A. The floor of Greek Temples.

B. A way of laying out buildings in relation to each other and other objects.

C. A slight convex curve in the shaft of a column to correct the visual illusion of concavity of a straight shaft.

D. An ancient Egypt house style used as a basis for the early pyramids.

E. Ancient architectural proportioning of system (1:1.6) used by Greeks, Romans and even today.

F. Recognized as the first architect

G. A window originally from ancient Egypt placed high above a space to bring in light.

H. An ancient Mycenaean structure that becomes the basis for Greek and Roman temples

I. Device used in Romanesque and Gothic architecture to help buildings gain great height and lightJ. A large circular window used in both Romanesque and Gothic churches

K. An Islamic architectural detail that is based on complex geometry

L. The main entrance to Christian churches developed first at Palatine Chapel

1_____ 2_____ 3_____

Name the three Greek Orders

final review spring 2015

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