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Int Class Ext Class
190°C++no change
+
212°C++++-++
KEY PROPERTY CHANGES: SOFTWOODS
Treatment temperature
Durability
Dimensional stability
Bending strength
Colour darkness
Int 1 Class
Treatment temperature
Durability
Dimensional stability
Bending strength
Colour darkness
Int 2 Class
180°Cno change
+no change
+
200°C++-++
KEY PROPERTY CHANGES: HARDWOODS
Int Class
Pine(Pinus Silvestris)
Spruce(Picea Abies)
MouldingsFloorsInterior liningsFurniture
Exterior claddingTerrace floorsGarden furnitureWindowsDoors
Interior liningsFurniture
Exterior claddingTerrace floors
Ext Class
USES FOR FINNFOREST THERMOWOOD: SOFTWOODS
Int 1 Class
Birch(Betula Pendula)
Aspen(Populus Tremula)
WorktopsFurnitureFloorsWoodworkingInterior linings
FloorsGarden furnitureInterior liningsWoodworking
Sauna benchesSauna panelsFurnitureWoodworking
Sauna benchesSauna panelsFurnitureWoodworking
Int 2 Class
USES FOR FINNFOREST THERMOWOOD: HARDWOODS
Equilibrium moisturefalls by up to 50%
Bending strengthreduces by 10 – 20%
Dimensional stabilityincreases up to 50%
Improved rotresistance
Wood stainedthroughout
Resin has beenremoved
Improvedweather
resistance
Splitting strengthreduced by
approx. 50%SOURCE: VTT
Water absorptionreduces 50%
PEFC/02-34-07Finnforest ThermoWood® is a product certifiedby the Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
THERMOWOOD
A Beautiful,Durable and
Environment-FriendlyChoice
THERMOWOOD IN BRIEF
Finnforest ThermoWood is produced by passing timber through
a cycle of heat and moisture changes involving exceptionally high
temperatures. The intensive heat treatment transforms the structure
and properties of the wood itself. The wood’s original natural
susceptibility to warping, swelling or shrinking in different
conditions of humidity is reduced by as much as 50 %. The resulting
ThermoWood is thus much more stable than normal wood in
changeable climatic and environmental conditions.
The equilibrium moisture content of ThermoWood is consid-
erably lower than that of ordinary wood and its resistance to rot-
producing fungi is equal to that of larch, oak or even teak, depending
on the degree of heat treatment. The ThermoWood production
process also improves the wood’s insulating properties and removes
resin from coniferous softwoods.
RANGE OF HEAT-TREATMENT
FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS
ThermoWood’s high resistance to moisture and rot makes it an
excellent material for outdoor furniture and wooden constructions
in gardens and terraces. It is not, however, suitable for conditions
where it would be saturated with water or in prolonged contact
with damp ground.
Excellent heat insulation and the absence of resin also make
ThermoWood’s properties ideal for warm and damp interiors such
as saunas or washrooms. Its low moisture content, too, means that
sauna benches made from ThermoWood are hygienic and less
burning to the skin than those made from ordinary wood. In
flooring applications, ThermoWood’s advantages include its
outstanding dimensional stability as well as its beautiful colour.
Intensive heat treatment imparts a whole range of attractive
brown shades and tones to ThermoWood. In general, the higher
the temperature of the treatment, the darker and richer the colour.
More information about different heat-treatment categories and
applications of ThermoWood can be found on the back page of
this brochure.
ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY
Finnforest’s ThermoWood production process is based on the
carefully controlled use of heat and steam. ThermoWood production
does not involve chemicals that pollute the environment, and no
other substances are added or applied to the wood during the
treatment process. ThermoWood thus has no adverse effects at all
on the environment. The total energy consumption of the
ThermoWood production process only slightly exceeds that of
normal timber drying.
Any waste resulting from ThermoWood can be harmlessly
burnt or otherwise destroyed without risk to the environment.
Another important benefit from the environmental point of
view is that timber from almost any tree species can be used as
raw material for ThermoWood. Sustainably managed softwood
from Finland that has been processed to ThermoWood displays
properties that are remarkably similar to those of many tropical
hardwoods.
WORKING WITH THERMOWOOD
ThermoWood can be sawn and worked in the same way as ordinary
untreated timber. It is easy to use all sorts of hand tools for cutting,
drilling and planing. An excellent surface can be created without
any difficulty, and drilling through knots is also easy.
ThermoWood is somewhat more likely to split than untreated
wood and this should be taken into account when working with it:
dropping a piece might damage the edge and long planks should
be lifted from both ends.
When using hand tools, care must also be taken with regard
to the sawdust that is produced. As ThermoWood is so dry, it
creates a fine dust that easily spreads in the air. If there is no dust
removal system in the workshop, a dust mask should be used.
www.finnforest.fi
USING NAILS WITH THERMOWOOD
A pneumatic nail gun is a good tool for fixing and securing
ThermoWood. The best results can be achieved with a small
compressed air gun that has an adjustable nailing depth. Nails
should be sunk to a depth of about 1mm.
Care must be taken when using a normal hammer because the
wood may split if it suffers a direct blow. It is advisable to make
sharp nails slightly blunt before use and also to use a nail punch
for the last 2–3 mm when hammering them home.
Stainless steel nails are good to use to avoid rusting dis-
colouration. Galvanised nails can be used with a pneumatic nail
gun since there is no metal-to-metal contact that can damage their
protective surfaces. Galvanised nails are also very suitable for use
with outside cladding boards that will be painted. Small oval-
headed nails reduce the risk of splitting.
USING SCREWS WITH THERMOWOOD
Careful drilling of holes and countersinking so the screw heads
are level with the wood surface are just as important when working
with ThermoWood as with hardwoods or brittle composite materials
such as MDF. Stainless steel screws with countersunk heads are
most suitable for use outdoors and in humid environments. Screws
with a limited number of threads provide the optimal strength.
Self-tapping screws can be used with ThermoWood without the
need to drill individual holes for them.
GLUING THERMOWOOD
Heat-treated wood is slow to absorb water and water-based
glues such as PVAc, the commonly used woodworking glue.
Longer compression and drying times than normal are thus
necessary when using water-soluble glues. The glue used should
also contain a high proportion of solid material.
Chemically hardening glues, such as polyurethane and resin
glues, can be used with ThermoWood in the same way as with
ordinary wood.
As in all types of wood gluing operation, the best results are
obtained with ThermoWood by making sure of optimal working
conditions, such as wood temperature and moisture content, surface
cleanliness, and so on. When gluing ThermoWood, too, the glue
manufacturer’s specific instructions must always be respected.
TREATING THE SURFACE OF THERMOWOOD
For exterior use it is best to apply a surface coating to ThermoWood
because prolonged exposure to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight
causes greying in colour and possibly also slight cracking.
Colour changes can be prevented by protecting the wood with
a coating that contains some pigment. The most commonly used
material is a transparent base with some brown pigment added that
matches as closely as possible with the original ThermoWood
shade. In many cases, however, this results in a slightly darker
appearance. Different types of coating also need renewing at
different intervals. In general, the coating lasts longer as the amount
of pigment increases, but increasing pigment content further
conceals the ThermoWood’s original colour and texture.
Whatever the coating used, its manufacturer’s specific
instructions must always be respected.
THERMOWOOD IN SAUNA BENCHES
Sauna benches made from ThermoWood boards can easily absorb
water through the ends of the boards. Fast cycles of wetting and
drying in the hot sauna surroundings can also cause the boards to
crack at the ends. The ends of sauna benches should therefore be
sealed with oil, wax or varnish.
Strong alkaline detergents and hard scrubbing should be avoided
when cleaning ThermoWood benches so that the surfaces maintain
their natural good looks and condition.
KEEPING SURFACES IN GOOD CONDITION
Climate and environmental factors directly effect the performance
and useful life of surfaces and coatings. Ultraviolet rays from
sunlight and moisture in the air are major factors causing surface
deterioration. That is why, for example, the south side of a building
often needs painting more often than the north side. And the surface
coatings of buildings in dry continental climates often last longer
than those of buildings by the sea.
To ensure the optimal performance of protective coatings and
avoid damage and deterioration, all surfaces should be cleaned
and checked annually. If defects are found they should be repaired
immediately.
Always refer to the paint manufacturer’s specific instructions
about renewing coatings.
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