faculty oof eenvironmental ssciences, ddepartment oof ... fileduc le 1*1, fitria rinawati 1, walter...

Faculty of Environmental Sciences Department of Forest SciencesFaculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Forest Sciences

Implementing REDD+ in Vietnam Indonesia and Malaysia: Implementing REDD+ in Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia: g

c rrent stat s and perspecti ecurrent status and perspectivecurrent status and perspectiveDuc Le1* Fitria Rinawati1 Walter Lintangah2 Thuy Anh Le3Duc Le1 , Fitria Rinawati1, Walter Lintangah2, Thuy Anh Le3

11Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, Tropical Forestry, y , p y2Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Forest Economics and Forest Management Planning Forest Policy and Forest Resource Economics2Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Forest Economics and Forest Management Planning, Forest Policy and Forest Resource Economics

3 G3WWF Great Mekong, Vietnam Programme, Vietnamg, g ,

I d i d Obj iIntroduction and Objectivej

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and DegradationReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation,

f t ti t i bl f t t dforest conservation, sustainable forest management, and

enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+) is a highenhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+) is a high

concerned of the international agenda recentl Up toconcerned of the international agenda recently. Up to

date, the progress of REDD+ in practice is still unclear, ondate, the progress of REDD in practice is still unclear, on

how the mechanism can be implemented on the groundhow the mechanism can be implemented on the ground. Case-study and MethodologyCase study and Methodology

This paper reviews how REDD+ is implemented in three Southeast AsiaVietnam Indonesia and

This paper reviews how REDD+ is implemented in three Southeast Asia

t i l Vi t I d i d M l i Th t i h b Vietnam, Indonesia andcountries, namely Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia. The countries have beenMalaysia are selected as

y y

involved in the UNREDD National Programmes and currently undergoing several y

case studiesinvolved in the UNREDD National Programmes and currently undergoing several

REDD j t It h f b f d th t th i iti ti i i t ith th case-studies.REDD+ projects. It has so far been found that the initiative is appropriate with the

national strategies with a very promising mechanismBy literature review to see

national strategies with a very promising mechanism.By literature review to see

how REDD+ is

implemented in threeimplemented in three

S h A i iSoutheast Asia countries:

Vietnam Indonesia andVietnam, Indonesia and

M l iMalaysia Source: EEPSEA, 2009y Source: EEPSEA, 2009

Result and Lessons LearntResult and Lessons Learnt

Vietnam Indonesia and Malaysia have been actively responded with the REDD+ Figure 1. The dynamic of REDD+ : case of IndonesiaVietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia have been actively responded with the REDD+Readiness efforts

gu e e dy a c o case o do es a

initiative and committed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) at 20o

Institutional developmentg g ( )

% 26% and 40% respectively relative to business as usual (BAU) conditions byInstitutional development

%, 26% and 40% respectively, relative to business-as-usual (BAU) conditions by

2020 fStakeholder engagement

the year 2020. All of the three countries have adopted strategies to put REDD+ into Benefit Distribution Systemy p g p

practice with the ‘National REDD+ Action Plan’ in Vietnam the ‘Strategy of 26/7’ inBenefit Distribution System

R f (E i i ) L lpractice with the National REDD+ Action Plan in Vietnam, the Strategy of 26/7 in

I d i d h ‘N i l S REDD ’ i M l i M l lReference (Emission) Levels

Indonesia and the ‘National Strategy on REDD+’ in Malaysia. Many legal MRV frameworkgy y y g

documents have been identified as supporting to the REDD implementation in the National REDD+ Programmedocuments have been identified as supporting to the REDD implementation in the

i i Th h i h l i d diff f

National REDD+ Programme

respective countries. The three countries have also received different amount ofp

financial supports from bilateral/international partnerships to implement REDD+ viafinancial supports from bilateral/international partnerships to implement REDD+ via

j t til 2017 It i i t l USD118 8 illi f Vi t USD1 000projects until 2017. It is approximately USD118.8 million for Vietnam, USD1,000p j pp y

million for Indonesia and USD11 4 million for Malaysia With these supports themillion for Indonesia, and USD11.4 million for Malaysia. With these supports, the

ti t i h i l t d b f ti iti REDD hrespective countries have implemented a number of activities on REDD+ such as

sharing of information and experience capacity building policy dialogue andsharing of information and experience, capacity building, policy dialogue and

ti t it kicooperation opportunity seeking.S Ad d f Gl b l C i S d CIFOR 2011Source: Adapted from Global Comparative Study CIFOR, 2011

Table 1. Opportunities and Challenges- Vietnam case Table 1. Opportunities and Challenges- Indonesia case Table 1. Opportunities and Challenges- Malaysia case

O t iti Ch ll O t iti Ch ll O t iti Ch ll

pp g Table 1. Opportunities and Challenges Malaysia case

Opportunities Challenges Opportunities Challenges Opportunities Challenges

! In line with the program's objectives, ! REDD+ is anew and complex issue, ! Reduction 41% GHGs emission ! The REDD+ is still in ! Enhancement of awareness, ! Method for implementation

current strategies and international

p ,and still in negotiation process, against 2005 contributes to halving the readiness process, and capacity (learning by doing),

pinvolving different level of national g

commitments about environment that

g

! Many concepts monitoring world emission mostly by protecting takes time for

land readiness to implement and state, facility data and

VN has signed,! Many concepts, monitoring,reporting verification system (MRV) the carbon in tropical forest, implementation,

p

REDD projects, technology and the monitoring, f ( )

VN has signed,

B fit th t REDD id

reporting, verification system (MRV) are not yet agreed,

p ,

Ca bon ma ket based sol tions ! Technical implementation

p j ,

P t ti l f f di tireporting, verification system (MRV)

t d d! Benefits that REDD+ provides areare not yet agreed,

A h ibilit t fi i l

! Carbon market based solutions;

i ti h i f i

p(Additionality, Permanence

! Potential for funding options, –standard,

very promising: Reducing emissions, ! Approach possibility to financial support is dependent on many factors

incentives mechanism for preserving

b

( y,and Leakage), ! Flexible policy instrument, ! Mechanism and accounting of costs

contributing to biodiversity support is dependent on many factors such as dynamic and relationship

carbon,! Monitoring - Measuring

Flexible policy instrument,

S f

gand benefits related to the

m

conservation and sustainable forest such as dynamic and relationship between donors and recipient a ! Generating financing option,

! Monitoring - Measuring,Reporting and verification a

! Strong support from implementation,

am management, improving the lives of

between donors and recipientcountries e

si Generating financing option, Reporting and verification

(MRV),

ysia national and international

! Payment for environmental

tna

people who involved directly in forest countries,

iffi l i i i i li on

e

! Benefit to local community,(MRV),

C ti

ay institutions to govern fund

Payment for environmental services,

Vie

p p y

protection and development, ! Difficulties in integrating climate h d REDD i t l i n

do

! Sustainable development through ! Corruption –transparency M

al

mobilization, allocation and services,

St k h ld lt ti d V

p p ,

Vi t h t ti l d t

change and REDD+ into planning, plan of forest protection and

In Sustainable development through

REDD+ - a socio economic transparency, M disbursement, ! Stakeholders consultation and

representation of different level! Vietnam has potential and can get

h b fit th h th

plan of forest protection and development economic development

REDD+ a socio economic

transformation and incentives ! Carbon Market

! Supporting national policy

representation of different level,

huge benefits through the

l f

development, economic development, transformation and incentives

mechanism that directly benefit local Mechanism, ! Supporting national policy

and national development ! Legal & institutional framework

implementation of REDD+, ! Systems of forest inventory, forest mechanism that directly benefit local

economics ! Forest moratorium contra and national development

l i(architecture) that is related to

! Vietnam has received the attention change monitoring has not yet met

h d f d

economics Forest moratorium contra development

planning, ownership rights, transaction cost d C l d l l bli i

Vietnam has received the attention

and technical and financial support requirements, the data on forests and f t l d it t l l t

! Long lasting climate benefits,development

Biodiversity vs carbon! Recognition of the role of

and Contractual and legal obligations,and technical and financial support

from international donors; and forestry land, capacity to calculate t k f f t b till k

g g ,

F t d C ti Bi di it

! Biodiversity vs. carbon(monoculture plantation

ecog t o o t e o e o

forests for climate change ! Scale of project involving Local, from international donors; and

continues to receive the support from stock of forest carbon are still weak. ! Forest and Conservation Biodiversity

(th t f bi di it )

(monoculture plantation-carbon farm expansion)

forests for climate change

adaptation

p j g ,state, national,

continues to receive the support from

big donors(the spot of biodiversity). carbon farm expansion). adaptation.

! Funding mechanismbig donors. ! Funding mechanism.

Source: Pham, 2012, Vu, 2012, Swan, 2013, Source: Rinawati, 2012 Source: Ghani, 2011, Musa & Samah, 2012,

O tl k

, , , ,

Outlook

Th REDD i li d d il d h i ill i di T h i l i id ifi d bi h ll f REDD i l lThe REDD+ is complicated and until today the countries are still in readiness process. Technical operations are identified as a big challenge for REDD+, particularlyp y p p g g p y

when it comes to the implementation at national or nested level in Southeast Asia There are outstanding issues of unclear pathway how to verify and determine thewhen it comes to the implementation at national or nested level in Southeast Asia. There are outstanding issues of unclear pathway how to verify and determine the

it i ti ifi ti t (MRV) b fit di t ib ti t (BDS) d b k t h imonitoring, reporting, verification system (MRV); benefit distribution system (BDS), and carbon market mechanism.g p g y ( ) y ( )

Thus a failure to mobilize the REDD+ funds will deflate the enthusiasm to implement REDD+ activities on the ground which means a serious delay of REDD+Thus a failure to mobilize the REDD+ funds will deflate the enthusiasm to implement REDD+ activities on the ground, which means a serious delay of REDD+

i l t ti t th f b th th iti th t d d t f t d th l b l l ti f ti d d t ti f i f timplementation at the expense of both the communities that are dependent on forest resources, and the global population from continued destruction of primary forests.

The work is kindly supported by DAAD Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products Institute of Forest Economics and Forest Management Planning The work is kindly supported by DAAD, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, Institute of Forest Economics and Forest Management Planning,

d WWF Vi Pand WWF Vietnam Programmeg*Corresponding author: Duc Le, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, Tel. : +49 352 338-31855, Fax : +49 352 338-31820, Corresponding author: Duc Le, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, Tel. : +49 352 338 31855, Fax : +49 352 338 31820,

Email: Duc Le Thien@mailbox tu-dresden de or lethienduc@gmail comEmail: Duc.Le_Thien@mailbox.tu-dresden.de or lethienduc@gmail.com